Unit 8. Author: W.Buchanan. Routers (1)

Transcription

1 Unit 8 Author: W.Buchanan. Routers (1)

2 Routers Routers provide interconnectivity and limit broadcasts. Core Cisco 12000, 7500, 7200, 7000-series routers Switches provide VLANs, with enhanced security Distribution Cisco 4500/4000, 3600-series routers Access Cisco 2600/2500, 1700-series routers Author: W.Buchanan. Routers (2)

3 Mobile Networks (Unit 10) Router Programming (Unit 8) Routing Protocols (Unit 9) IP Addressing/Subnets (Unit 6) TCP/Socket Programming (Unit 7) Switches/VLANs (Unit 5) Net Elements (Unit 2) Net Types (Unit 3) Net Design (Unit 4) Introduction (Unit 1) Author: W.Buchanan. Routers (3)

4 Top 10 Recent Inventions 1. Telephone. The telephone started the communications industry. 2. Television. The television provided pictures along with sound, and has now become the most important communications medium. 3. Transistor. The transistor replaced unreliable and relatively large valves, and allow lower power dissipation, and miniaturization. 4. Microchip. The microchip allows more than one transistor to be placed on a single device. Now-a-days many millions of transistors can be put on a chip. 5. Microprocessor. Before the microprocessor electronics has a fixed function. The Intel 4004 changed this, as it allowed software to control the function of the device. Author: W.Buchanan. Routers (4)

5 Top 10 Recent Inventions 6. Internet. The Internet is now a vast infrastructure of connected networks. It has become the most robust and widespread structure ever created. 7. CD-ROM. Optical storage has revolutionized the way that data is stored, and distributed, especially for audio and video. 8. Mobile phones. The link between the telephone and its wires has been broken, as has allowed us to connect to networks using high-speed connections. 9. Wireless Networks. The growth of wireless network is changing the way that users connect to networks, and will change the applications of it. 10. Routers. Without routers we could not have the Internet, and there is no way we could have evolved it so quickly. With routers the Internet becomes a dynamic place, where networks can be added and deleted as required. Author: W.Buchanan. Routers (5)

6 The invention of routers Len Bosack and Sandy Lerner at Stanford University invented the router, and started cisco. Stanford University dismissed the commercialisation of the router they also failed to see the potential of another major computer company Sun (Stanford University Network) Microsystems. Len designed the original logo, which is based on the Golden Gate bridge. 75 venture capital companies rejected cisco, before Don Valentine finally put $2.5million in the business. The money was never used, as sales rocketed. Author: W.Buchanan. Routers (6)

7 Internet infrastructure Low/medium speed mobile Devices (<1Mbps) Host Connection (1Mbps-10Mbps) High-speed mobile access (GPRS) Organisational connection (10/100Mbps) Organisational backbone (>1Gbps) Internet Core/Backbone (>10Gbps) Author: W.Buchanan. Routers (7)

8 Layered architecture of the Internet Internet core And so on Author: W.Buchanan. Routers (8)

9 Routers and the Internet A B The Internet was created by DARPA, so that a strike on any part of the network would not allow the rest of the network to become incompatible. F E D Task: If any of the links goes down, is it still possible to go from any place to any other? C A key to this is to have routing elements (A-F) which will detect if a link is not available, and alert other routing elements, and determine a new route. This is the basic principle of a router. Author: W.Buchanan. Routers (9)

10 Router Types S1 Examples (Cisco): Fast Eth, 1 Eth, 1 AUX Eth, WAN Slot 1, WAN Slot Eth, Slot 1, Slot 2 E1 E Eth, 2 Serial Eth, 2 Serial, 1 BRI Eth, 2 Serial, 16 Aux Eth, 2 Serial, 8 Aux Eth, 2 Serial, 1 Aux S0 WAN slots can be: Serial, 56k, ISDN, T1, ADSL or Ethernet. Slots can be: WAN slots types and/or voice module Console AUX Eth0 Eth1 Serial0 Serial1 Author: W.Buchanan. Routers (10)

11 Router Types S1 Examples (Cisco): 3620 Slot 0 and Slot Slot 0, Slot 1 and Slot 2 E1 E0 Slot can be: 2 Eth module, 6 Eth module, 1 Fast Eth module, 2 Serial module, 4 Serial module, 4 ISDN module, 8 ISDN module, 1 T1 module, 1 E1 module S0 The higher range routers tend to be expandable, with slots. Console AUX Author: W.Buchanan. Routers (11)

12 Types of routers used Routers provide interconnectivity and limit broadcasts. Core Cisco 12000, 7500, 7200, 7000-series routers Switches provide VLANs, with enhanced security Distribution Cisco 4500/4000, 3600-series routers Access Cisco 2600/2500, 1700-series routers Author: W.Buchanan. Routers (12)

13 Broadcast domains are limited by routers Cisco 4500/4000, 3600-series routers Cisco 2600/2500, 1700-series routers Broadcast domain defines a workgroup Author: W.Buchanan. Routers (13)

14 S1: S1: S0: S0: S0: E0: S1: E1: E0: E0: Author: W.Buchanan. Routers (14)

15 Router memory NVRAM Flash ROM RAM NVRAM contains startup configuration. It can be erased, or overwritten. ROM Contains Bootstrap program. Flash Contains router operating system, which can be upgraded. RAM Contains programs that are running, and buffers data. Author: W.Buchanan. Routers (15)

16 Router Emulator Author: W.Buchanan. Routers (16)

17 Basic router commands Router# config t Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with END. Router (config)# hostname LAB_A LAB_A (config)# LAB_A (config)# enable secret class LAB_A (config)# exit LAB_A# exit LAB_A> enable Password: ccc Password: class LAB_A# Author: W.Buchanan. Routers (17)

18 Setting IP addresses on the port, and the routing protocols LAB_A# config t LAB_A (config)# int e0 LAB_A (config-if)# ip address LAB_A (config-if)# no shutdown LAB_A (config-if)# exit LAB_A (config)# int e1 LAB_A (config-if)# ip address LAB_A (config-if)# no shutdown LAB_A (config-if)# exit LAB_A (config)# int s0 LAB_A (config-if)# ip address LAB_A (config-if)# clock rate LAB_A (config-if)# no shutdown LAB_A (config-if)# exit LAB_A (config)# router rip LAB_A (config-router)# network LAB_A (config-router)# network LAB_A (config-router)# network LAB_A (config-router)# exit LAB_A (config)# Author: W.Buchanan. Routers (18)

19 Setting line console and telnet passwords LAB_A (config)# Line con 0 LAB_A (config-line)# password cisco LAB_A (config-line)# login LAB_A (config-line)# exit LAB_A (config)# exit LAB_A # exit User Access Verification Password: cisco LAB_A> enable Password: class LAB_A # config t LAB_A (config)# LAB_A (config)# Line vty 0 LAB_A (config-line)# password cisco LAB_A (config-line)# login LAB_A (config-line)# exit LAB_A (config)# exit Author: W.Buchanan. Routers (19)

20 Sample show running-config (part 1) Lab-B# show running-config Building configuration... Current configuration:! version 12.0 service timestamps debug uptime service timestamps log uptime no service password-encryption! hostname Lab-B! enable password class! ip subnet-zero! interface Ethernet0 ip address no ip directed-broadcast! end Author: W.Buchanan. Routers (20)

21 Part 2 interface Serial0 ip address ip directed-broadcast no ip mroute-cache no fair-queue clockrate 56000! interface Serial1 ip address no ip directed-broadcast! router rip network network network ! line con 0 password cisco login transport input none line aux 0 line vty 0 4 password cisco login Author: W.Buchanan. Routers (21)