DATA COMMUNICATION through HUMAN BODY

Transcription

1 International Journal of Infinite Innovations in Technology ISSN: Reg. No.: DOI:V4I4P08 DATA COMMUNICATION through HUMAN BODY Amarnath Gaikwad, Mukesh Pawar, Prashant Patil, Rambabu Yadav Deparment Of Computer Engineering,Mumbai University, Padmabhushan Vasantdada Patil Pratishthan s College Of Engineering, Sion, Mumbai. ABSTRACT Now a day the technologies which can interact between electronic gadgets are very important. This paper demonstrates a model which can be used to communicate between two mobile using the human body as a medium for communication between two mobiles. It is a new technique to connect mobile devices on and around the human body also other electronics devices. Since its operation is in the close proximity of the human body, therefore there are less chances of the signals to be diminished. This model shows the actual communication between two mobile devices which are loaded with android operating system. The model consists of mobile devices, external Bluetooth, amplifier and metal pad. Here data transmission path is from first mobile to circuit via Bluetooth, then from one circuit to another circuit via human body and lastly from circuit to another mobile device via Bluetooth. The data sent from one mobile can be seen on another device on the android application developed. Keywords:-communication, human body, human area networking, body area networking, Wireless communication, Intra body communication I. INTRODUCTION In today s world communication has become more advance. New techniques of communications are being presented each single day. For an example consider the mobile phone, which is used to communicate over a long distance. Using the internet large amount of data can be downloaded in the remote places. Mobile devices and PDAs are used to carry a significant amount of data and personal information. This data may be required to share some times. To share this data various technologies are available now a day which includes Bluetooth, ZigBee and other software are also available for data sharing. But these technologies are specifically used for mobile devices only. The communication between the electronic devices around the human and those which are embedded in and around the human body is critical thing. Extensive research is being done in human area networking for communication between these devices. Also the communication between different machines is important in health care systems like patient monitoring system. In today s world communication has become more advance. New techniques of communications are being presented each single day. For an example consider the mobile phone, which is used to communicate over a long distance. Using the internet large amount of data can be downloaded in the remote places. Mobile devices and PDAs are used to carry a significant amount of data and personal information. This data may be required to share some times. To share this data various technologies are available now a day which includes Bluetooth, ZigBee and other software are also available for data sharing. But these technologies are specifically used for

2 mobile devices only. The communication between the electronic devices around the human and those which are embedded in and around the human body is critical thing. Extensive research is being done in human area networking for communication between these devices. Also the communication between different machines is important in health care systems like patient monitoring system. Wired connections between electronic devices in human area networks are cumbersome and can easily become entangled. Short-range wireless communication systems such as Bluetooth and wireless local area networks have some problems. Throughput is reduced by packet collisions in crowded spaces such as meeting rooms and auditoriums filled with people and communication is not secure because signals can be intercepted. The principle drawback of infrared communications (IrDA) is the tight directionality of beams between terminals needed for the system to be effective. The ultimate human area network solution to all these constraints of conventional technologies is intrabody communication, in which the human body serves as the transmission medium. In ubiquitous services, if we could use the human body itself as a transmission medium, then this would be an ideal way of implementing human area networks because it would solve at a stroke all the problems including throughput reduction, low security, and high network setup costs. The concept of intrabody communication is it uses the minute electric field propagated by the human body to transmit information. Wireless body area networks around the human body are expected to play an important role in various area of applications such as in the monitoring of health, sports training, interactive gaming, sharing of personal information, security authentication and medical information systems. Wireless body area networks around the human body are expected to play an important role in various area of applications such as in the monitoring of health, sports training, interactive gaming, sharing of personal information, security authentication and medical information systems. II. BACKGROUND OVERVIEW The first attempt was made in 2007 in the transmission of data through the human body where the communication was done between the sensors connected on human body. The sensors were connected in close proximity where the actual communication was done between the sensors only. Here not the actual data communication happened, but the data communication was between only the sensors. Since the network was created around the human body the name was called as the data communication through the human body. Human body can be considered as an impedance model where the body parts are considered as impedance wrapped under the insulator. Human body also can be considered to pass the electromagnetic waves. The elucidation of mechanism of the human body surface transmission was made from an electromagnetic field approach [4]. A new approach for analysis of body characteristics is given based on electromagnetic waves using Maxwell's equations. Relative permittivity and conductivity is calculated on different frequencies. Basically here an equivalent model is considered which is similar to human body. A simple but accurate model based on a distributed -parameter circuit that joins simplicity with flexibility to match diverse experimental results, is presented regarding both attenuation and dispersion characteristics, those are key parameters in the communication performance [5]. Human body consists of different - different material like blood, bone, fat, muscle etc. and each have different attenuation constant. Dispersion is the change of index of refraction. Dielectric dispersion is the dependence of the permittivity of dielectric material on frequency [5]. Reg. No.: DOI:V4I4P08 Page:2

3 III. RELATED WORK There have been many attempts on Intra Body Data Transfer across the globe. Each study has been using a different approach for achieving the Intra Body Data Transfer. We have used ARM processor to achieve Intra Body Data Transfer. The digital bit to be transferred is given to a circuit which is maintained at a constant 5Volts supply, which converts the digital signal to analog signal, which is then transferred through human body. This signal is transferred to receiver section through body. The received analog signal is then converted back to digital signal. Intra-body communication is confirmed through several experiments on signal propagation within the human body, and a human phantom is designed and used to obtain reproducible results over repeated experiments. Based on the results of these experiments, a prototype for the transmission of digital bits through human body is been designed. Some of the experiments performed earlier are described here given below. The first attempt was done in 2007 to model the human body as a communication channel for data transmitting. Here galvanic coupling was presented as a prominent medium for data transmission. The concept and the work done was bit different. Here the concept was regarding the electrical signal transmission but data was not transmitted actually by the human body, but the Bluetooth devices were used to send the data and that was the main point here which shows that data transmission was wireless but not through the human body. Modeling of intra body communication entails the understanding of the interaction between electromagnetic fields and living tissues. At the same time an accurate model can provide practical hints towards the deployment of an efficient and secure communication channel for body sensor network. One of the main objectives to research into intra body communication is the characterization of human body as a transmission of the electrical signals. The outcomes reported in the literature vary according to the method of measurement used. This is the technique which is to be studied for the communication between the different sensors associated with the human body which are wireless. The major difference is Bluetooth and ZIGBEE are also the wireless devices which were designed to work on the distance of several meters. But our main objective is in near field communication. IV PROPOSED WORK By considering the results obtained in the previous section, Intra body communication is possible through different ways in human area networking. Human area networking stands for the communication or to make the network near around human body. Here only the devices are communicating with each other in the vicinity of human body. Intra body communication is the actual communication over human body using some kind of sensors. It is very helpful in wearable computing. So this is the best try towards the betterment of Intra body communication in human area networking. Since in the existing work done by others it is main limitation that the communication they have shown is not through the body. But they tried to make communicate the devices which were mounted on the human body. So it can be said easily that the communication done earlier was not the communication through the human body. But here in this project I am going to show the actual data transfer happening through the human body. The main concept in this project is to increase the energy level of the transmitted signal and to receive it properly. To increase the energy level amplifier is required. While selecting an amplifier I selected LM358 which is available easily and used widely in industries. It also works on single power supply and required less voltage for its operation. While IC 741 requires dual power supply so it was discarded. The other required tools are the Bluetooth device by which I can get the data from mobile device Reg. No.: DOI:V4I4P08 Page:3

4 to circuit and once data is reached at the circuit it is transferred through the body. On the other hand same circuitry is used which works in receiver section. The reason to use android mobile operating system is, now a day it is very common operating system. Also it is very much easy to develop an android application than the java based mobile system. Because ADT provides all the required tool to develop an application. User interface is much better than other system. The programming requires for this is also simpler and can be found in small steps easily. VI. IMPLEMENTATION The overall system is divided into two parts that is hardware part and software part. While designing hardware the following components were used which are explained below. The main parts of the block diagram are explained below. 1) Mobile phone 2) Bluetooth modem 3) ARM processor 4) Amplifier 5) Metal pad 6) Power supply 7) Medium Mobile phone: The mobile device can be any android mobile phone. The reason to select the android based mobile system is its popularity and the availability. On the other hand to develop the Graphical User Interface freeware is available easily. Bluetooth Modem: Bluetooth modem selected here is RN 42 which is of class 2 type and have the range of 10m. ARM Processor: Processor is the main part of any system developed. Here ARM processor is selected which has the 2 UART ports. It will execute all processes and monitor all the peripheral devices connected in the system which are required for the operation of the system. It is 32 bit processor and has 512 KB flash RAM memory. Amplifier:- Here LM358 is used for the amplification which works on single power supply. Metal pad:- The metal pad is made of copper which is the last section of the transmitter. It is responsible for the data transfer from the transmitter to the human body and the data is also received by the metal pad. Power Supply: To work any system power supply is needed. Here the overall system requires 5v and 3.3v respectively for the functioning of the different sections of the system. 5V is obtained using the standard power supply unit section using the IC 7805 voltage regulator IC which is the commonly available in the market. Now from this 5V 3.3 V is obtained using LM317 IC which is fixed voltage regulator. Medium: The medium here means the communication path which is to be taken by the system to transmit the data from the transmitter section to the receiver section. Here the human body is used as a communication medium. Since current can flow through the human body so the data also can be passed through the human body. VII CONCLUSION We have discussed regarding the wireless communication and types of wireless communication. But our emphasis is on wireless communication. The method used here is promising approach for the data transfer through the human body. The versatile platform presented here offers sophisticated possibilities for signal application and data transmission in the field of intrabody communication. The overall system is Reg. No.: DOI:V4I4P08 Page:4

5 combination of hardware and software. The hardware part is very much simple to understand and for the software part different sections are and taken as from the concept of microcontroller based application. The results are obtained for different test subject like age group, sex, complexion etc. 330 test subjects were taken to perform the experiment. For all the test subjects desired result was obtained successfully. VIII. LIMITATIONS AND FUTURE SCOPE No system is perfect system. Every system has some limitations included. In our system there is also some limitations which are given below. 1) For lower version operating system version project does not work properly. Application developed is not supported and device gets switched off. 2) Only text file can be transferred. 3) The file size of maximum 50 bytes can be transferred. Data communication through the human body may offers many benefits which includes personalization of devices, security for the devices and it can reduce the complexity if this system is implemented in the future during the operation of critical diseases where mess of wires is there to get the data and signals from the different parts of the body. One of the application of the system is personal are network which would allow person to exchange the personal information instantly. IX. REFERENCES 1. Maria Amparo Callejon, David Naranjo- Hermandez, Javier Reina-Tosina and Laura M. Roa, A comprehensive study into Intrabody communication Measurements IEEE transaction on Instrumentation and Measurement, vol. 62, no. 9, September M. S. Wegmueller, A. Kuhn, J. Froehlich, M. Oberle, N. Felber, N.Kuster, and W. Fichtner, An attempt to model the human body as a communication channel, IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., vol. 54, no. 10, pp , Oct A.-I. Sasaki, M. Shinagawa, and K. Ochiai, Principles and demonstration of intrabody communication with a sensitive electrooptic sensor, IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., vol. 58, no. 2, pp , Feb J. Wang, Y. Nishikawa, and T. Shibata, Analysis of on-body transmission mechanism and characteristic based on an electromagnetic field approach, IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 57, no. 10, pp , Oct M. S. Wegmueller, M. Oberle, N. Felber, N. Kuster, and W. Fichtner, Signal transmission by galvanic coupling through the human body, IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., vol. 59, no. 4, pp , Apr M. Callej on, L. M. Roa, J. Reina-Tosina, and D. Naranjo-Hernandez, Study of attenuation and dispersion through the skin in intrabody communications systems, IEEE Trans. Inf. Technol. Biomed., vol. 16, no. 1, pp , Jan M. Chen, et. al., Body Area Networks: A Survey, Mobile Networks and Applications, Vol. 16, No. 2, pp , Spring Fangming Ruan, Wu Liang, Feng Zhou, Xiaolu Wang, Analysis of Human impedance and Channel Propagation Characristics in Body Area Network. 9. George Koutitas, Multiple Human Effects in Body Area Networks IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS, VOL. 9, S.-J. Song, N. Cho, and H.-J. Yoo, A 0.2-mW 2- Mb/s digital transceiver based on wideband signaling for human body communications, IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 42, no. 9, pp , Sept Z. Lucev, I. Krois, and M. Cifrek, A capacitive intra body communication channel from 100 khz to 100 MHz, in Proc. IEEE Instrum. Meas. Technol. Conf., May 2011, pp Reg. No.: DOI:V4I4P08 Page:5