Mission-Critical Enterprise Cloud Applications

Transcription

1 This presentation is available for download from: Mission-Critical Enterprise Cloud Applications Eugene Ciurana Open-Source Evangelist CIME Software Labs

2 About Eugene years building mission-critical, high-availability systems 13+ years Java work Open source evangelist Official adoption of open source/ Linux at Walmart worldwide State of the art tech for main line of business roll-outs Largest companies in the world Retail Finance Oil Background: robotics to on-line retail

3 This presentation is about... How to design, implement, and roll-out cloud/enterprise hybrid applications Different cloud architectures PaaS SaaS Infrastructure as a service (IaaS) Technologies: ESB, clouds, mini-clouds, Java, App Engine, Chef!/Puppet, etc. How cloud technologies lower costs Understanding the advantages of: Cloud deployments Hybrid deployments distributed in the cloud and enterprise

4 What You ll Learn Identify the applications best suited for cloud deployments Identify the advantages of Platform-as-a-Service or Software-as-a-Service resources Learn the caveats of cross-platform and cross-language integration Learn about high-performance alternatives to XML serialization for data exchange Learn how to structure event-based, stateless apps for maximum scalability

5 What is the Cloud Anyway? Ask 10 different people, get 10 different answers In general, you may use 4 types of cloud offerings Platform as a Service Software as a Service Infrastructure as a Service Pure infrastructure Some times you integrate pre-fabricated apps, some times platform, some times both

6 Cloud Services Features Quick deployment of prepackaged components Uses commodity, virtualized hardware and network resources Amazon Elastic Cloud 2 (EC2) and Simple Storage Service (S3) Google App Engine (Python, Java) Rackspace Cloud Services The overall model is pay as you consume Horizontal scalability is achieved by adding or removing resources as needed May host full applications or only services

7 Cloud Services Features They could replace the data centre Basic administration moves to the application owner It may move away from the IT team - political fallout For the bean counters... it s an operational expense! Tax advantages Turn on or off as needed In a tight economy, IT infrastructure ends up under the CFO - give the guy options Assuming sensible SLAs, the ROI is better than for colocated or company-owned data centres

8 What do scalability and high-availability mean? Scalability: the property of a system to handle bigger amounts of work or to be easily expanded in response to increased demand Vertical Horizontal Scalability and High Availability Load Balancer Virtual Node 2 Virtual Node 3 Node Node Node Virtual Node 1 Virtual Node 2 Scales out Scales up Virtual Node 1 Virtual Node 0 Virtual Node 0 Load Balancer Dual Core Single Processor 16 GB RAM Dual Core Dual Processor 32 GB RAM Node Node Node Node

9 Scalability and High Availability Availability: how the system provides useful resources over a set period of time Uptime!= availability Many factors affect it: network, storage, processor, etc. Availability Downtime 90% 36.5 days 99% 4 days 99.9% 9 hours 99.99% 53 minutes % 5.3 minutes % 32 seconds Amazon S3 Outage (summer 2008) Major companies affected (LeapFrog, ebay, Apple, many others) Amazon s SLA? Sorry - it won t happen again. Can you afford this?

10 SLAs and Availability Service Level Agreements drive the architectural and technological decisions Cloud systems scalability characteristics are often pitched What is the availability? What is the impact on business? How do you perform disaster recovery? What service level are the vendors offering? The higher the availability (3-nines, 4-nines, 5-nines), the higher the cost Co-lo, data centre deployments still make more sense for 4- nines availability and above

11 Platform and Software as a Service Identify the type of implementation after establishing the availability requirements From a vendor? In-house development? Software as a Service (SaaS) The vendor provides the full application and is responsible for scaling it and meeting SLAs Integration with the vendor via web services or EDI Examples: GSI Commerce, Salesforce.com Platform as a Service (PaaS) The vendor provides the operating system and/or application stack The vendor provides a well-defined API for interacting with the system Examples: Amazon Web Services, Google App Engine, Nirvanix

12 PaaS Systems Amazon EC2 and S3 Virtual images with various Intel-based operating systems, app servers, databases, etc. Billed hourly + bandwidth Java, PHP, Ruby, other technologies supported Data centre in the sky Lower cost than Rackspace or Nirvanix Weaker SLAs? Google App Engine The apps are written as callbacks from a virtualized service Datastore ~= database; Memcache ~= caching; most interaction via HTTP Billed on usage You run on the same infrastructure as Google Low cost, still evolving, minimal SLAs

13 A Hybrid Cloud Architecture Many mission-critical systems will live behind the corporate firewall The cloud is used for high-load applications and services The clouds applications work independently of the data center applications, and vice versa Loose coupling over web services Assume that the data in the cloud is throwaway - it s either consolidated or sourced in the data centre The cloud exists mostly for distribution and scalability

14 A Hybrid Cloud Architecture Amazon S3 Google App Engine Datastore Datastore PNG PNG PNG PNG Node Node Node PNG PNG PNG PNG Node Node Node User Firewall services.company.com Enterprise Service Bus Node Node Node Node Legacy Back-end Enterprise Database

15 A Hybrid Cloud Architecture End-User System (Mac, Windows) USB Connected App Web Browser S3 Content Repository Third-party Partner Site Internet connected products LearningPath Firewall Mule ESB backbone HTTP, SOAP (CXF), REST, etc. routing, filtering, and dispatching; ActiveMQ JMS broker; dedicated services Mule ESB Mule ESB Connected products SOAP, REST web services Device log upload, processing, servlet container Customer Data Game play Data Servlets App Logic Device Logs Content Management System REST, JCR Crowd SSO Content Authoring User Credentials

16 Which Parts Go To The Cloud?

17 Which Parts Go To The Cloud? Depending on the cloud configuration, load balancing may not be necessary Amazon provides Elastic Load Balancers and Elastic IP Google App Engine provides stateless calls only The client itself or Memcache keep state instead Rackspace provides either elastic addresses or explicit load balancers Enterprise Service Bus and other integration may exist in both the cloud and the data centre Message routing is OK is if latency is below the SLA requirements Strategic partner, application, and services integration may occur 100% on the cloud, with data consolidation behind the firewall

18 Case Study Large consumer and services company.net / Windows servers infrastructure ASP.Net SQL Server Two-tier architecture The system just grew and became a business Server pages, services, media 6-month scalability project began in April Implementation complete 25.Sep of the same year

19 Case Study - Objectives Stable architecture defined by July Low cost Build scalability wherever possible Optimal data transfer rate for all properties Web systems Media properties Meet business requirements and SLAs Hard dates set by the business, no input from the technology team Milestones: 1.July, 10.Oct

20 Case Study - Initial Configuration System grew as needed - no planning Combines end-user and internal applications in the same server It only scales vertically -- and not very well Applications and database are tightly coupled Application servers and services tightly coupled Single environment: from development to production without passing Go nor collecting $200 Disaster recovery? 4 hours minimum From (stale?) backups

21 Case Study - Initial Configuration Client Client Client Client Zone Server UDP Services UDP Windows Services UDP Windows Services Windows rsync Linux Internet Master, IRC Linux Services.Net Applications.Net SQL Server

22 Case Study - Phase I Scalability

23 Case Study - Phase I Scalability Introduces a CDN for asset delivery Amazon S3 (optional Cloud Front) for asset delivery Reduces load on company servers and bandwidth costs Introduces database replication for production environments Establishes a continuous integration environment Set tools for hybrid UNIX/Windows environment UNIX tools take precedence; Cygwin everywhere Improved build/release process

24 Case Study - Phase I Scalability Production QA.Net Server services HTTP other proxy.net Admin App Server.Net App Server.Net Server services HTTP other proxy.net Admin Server.Net App Server CDN CDN CDN.Net Server CDN CDN CDN IRC Services Services services HTTP other proxy Load balancer Databases Staging Load balancer Services.Net Admin App Server Services Deployment Databases.Net App Server Deployment Continuous Integration Server Version Control System, Automatic Builds, Unit Tests Deployment.Net Server Deployment CDN CDN CDN CDN services HTTP other proxy IRC Development IRC Services.Net Admin Server Services Databases.Net App Server Databases IRC Databases Developer 0 Developer 1 Developer 2 Developer 3

25 Case Study - Phase I Scalability Fail-over with traditional database replication techniques Primary Cluster Node 0 Node 1 ESB as app services provider Partition 0 Partition 1 DB 0 DB 1 DB 0b DB 1b

26 Case Study - Phase II Cloud Deployment

27 Case Study - Phase II Cloud Deployment Web applications move to a uniform technology (.Net) The database and stored procedures are normalized and optimized Applications use common resources via Mule ESB and services No more direct calls from apps to databases Business logic is implemented as stateless POJOs Software stack is best of breed Windows, other servers driven by business requirements Open source software wherever possible

28 Case Study - Phase II Cloud Deployment Web and other RPC services must coexist Different partners use different protocols Mule transformers take care of all the interfaces so that development may scale / continue independently of what happens in other layers Bandwidth can be expen$ive! Data exchange protocols Clients: custom, XML, JSON Images: HTTP, S3 Cloud-to-HQ: custom, XML/SOAP, protocol buffers HQ data centre: XML/SOAP, protocol buffers Replication strategy: data centre The cloud isn t trustworthy yet

29 Case Study - Phase II Cloud Deployment Deployment involves using an Amazon Machine Image (AMI) Use existing ones from Amazon or third parties Configure your own to meet your software requirements AMIs need a post-configuration step in a load-balanced environment Unique file processing (/etc/hosts, /etc/hostname, app configuration, etc.) Necessary intermediate step between launching the AMI and having a useful machine Elastic Load Balancer and Elastic IP limitations ELB only works for dynamic IP addresses ELIPs are limited to 5 per account

30 Case Study - Phase II Cloud Deployment World balance balance web balance los01 los balance ep01 FRONT END ep02 FRONT END web01 web02 losgamesvr01 losgamesvr services services01 Web services Proxy IMUService Routing Queuing balance balance services02 Web services Proxy Routing Queuing legacyservices master01 IRC game server list balance master02 IRC game server list database syncserver01 rsync repository balance balance syncserver syncserver02 rsync repository downloads S game server game server game server game server app-x server legacyservices01 Web services EvolverSP Dimenxian IMUService EvolverMP DimensionMP legacyservices02 Web services EvolverSP Dimenxian IMUService EvolverMP DimensionMP database master replicate database slave ep01 SERVICES ep02 SERVICES QA DNS

31 Case Study - Phase II Cloud Deployment Traditional Hosted Environments Setup Monthly Bandwidth Total / year Production $1,300 $5,5580 $2,000 $70,260 Staging $1,300 $5,5580 $ 0 $68,260 QA $ 600 $1,450 $ 0 $18,000 Dev $ 600 $1,450 $ 0 $18,000 Total $174,520

32 Case Study - Phase II Cloud Deployment Amazon EC2 Configuration Setup Monthly Bandwidth Total / year Production $ 0 $4,320 $1,200 $66,240 Staging $ 0 $4,320 $ 0 $51,840 QA $ 0 $1,080 $ 0 $12,960 Dev $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $43,000 cheaper Total $131,040

33 Case Study - Phase III Final Deployment

34 Case Study - Phase III Final Deployment World balance balance web balance los01 los balance ep01 FRONT END ep02 FRONT END web01 web02 losgamesvr01 losgamesvr balance syncserver downloads S3 services balance master01 IRC game server list master02 IRC game server list syncserver01 rsync repository syncserver02 rsync repository game server game server game server game server app-x server services01 services01 services01 services01 Web services Proxy Routing Queuing Web services Proxy Routing Queuing Web services Proxy Routing Queuing Web services Proxy Routing Queuing balance database QA DNS database master replicate database slave

35 Thanks for Coming! Wanna know more about real life cloud, scalable systems? Subscribe to the newsletter! Questions? Eugene Ciurana Open source evangelist