Introduction to USB Type-C & Power Delivery

Transcription

1 Introduction to USB Type-C & Power Delivery Focus on Charging Applications Deric Waters, System Engineer

2 Agenda Introduction to USB Type-C and Power Delivery Detailed discussion of a USB Type-C universal adaptor o Including conceptual schematic of a single and dual port AC/DC adaptor. 2

3 The USB Connectors USB2.0 C-to-C, C-to-A and C-to-B cables are defined. C-to-DisplayPort are also available. One size for USB2.0, 3.0, 3.1 Type-A Type-B Mini-B Micro-B USB3.0 USB2.0 USB3.1 Type-A Type-B Micro-B DisplayPort Power Delivery 3

4 USB Type-C Receptacle USB Type-C Full Featured Cable Basic Cable has only 6 wires Receptacle pin out Plug pin out

5 USB Type-C Flippable Receptacle Interface Note: Determining the plug s polarity is only necessary if USB SS or DP Alt Mode is used. High Speed Data, USB SS, SS+ TX or DP Alt Mode USB2 Data Sideband Use, not used for USB, AUX for DP High Speed Data USB SS, SS+ RX or DP Alt Mode SBU SBU Cable Ground Cable Bus Power Configuration channel, for cable attach, orientation, role detection, and current mode One becomes VCONN to supply power for cable or adaptor 5

6 USB Power Delivery over USB Type-C Precedence Mode of Operation Nominal Voltage Maximum Current Highest USB PD Up to 20 V Up to 5 A Priority of Power Modes USB Type-C 3A 5 V 3 A USB Type-C 1.5A 5 V 1.5 A USB BC1.2 5 V Up to 1.5 A USB 3.1 5V 900 ma Lowest USB 2.0 5V 500 ma 6

7 USB Power Delivery Profiles USB PD now enforces voltage profiles as a function of max power. If total power on a single port exceeds 27W, then 5V, 9V, and 15V shall be offered. Other voltages may be offered as long as they don t exceed the power offered on the highest required voltage rail.

8 USB Power Delivery (PD) Features Why use USB PD? Typical PD flow Enables higher voltage, up to 20V 5V, 9V, 15V, and 20V satisfy most customer needs. Up to 100W power over USB cable Which port provides power is negotiable DFP can be provider or consumer. UFP can be provider or consumer. Efficient power management across multiple peripherals DFP has cold socket to conserve power Co-existence with legacy USB products Enables Alternate Modes VBUS initially defaults to 5V, 500mA power supply USB Power Delivery negotiation over CC wire Power supplied over VBUS at the rate negotiated Not related to power, but USB PD required 5V 5V 20V 8

9 The USB Type-C Ecosystem Power Role Source- Only Source (Default) DRP Sink (Default) Sink- Only DFP = Downward Facing Port DRP = Dual Role Power DRD = Dual Role Data UFP = Upward Facing Port No Data Wall Outlet Charger Power Bank USB Powered Accessories Data Role Host DFP DRD Desktop PC/Server USB Hub Infotainment Laptop Laptop Mobile Devices Device UFP Monitor, TV Docking Station Desktop HDD USB Hub USB Devices Accessories Mobile HDD 9

10 Focus on Source-Only Application There are many different applications that require different silicon solutions under the USB Type-C umbrella. o Laptops, docking station, monitors, tablets, etc. One benefit of the wide-spread adoption of this open standard is a realistic path to a universal charger and e-waste reduction. o One connector instead of the proliferation of different adaptors for different devices o 300,000 tons of e-waste goes to landfills every year (according to UN) 10

11 45W Single-port AC/DC Source receptacle VBUS VBUS 5V, 9V, or 15V Fly-Back VCON CC ESD CC1 CC2 Voltage Selection TX2/RX2 TX1/RX1 D+ D- SBU handles USB PD messaging handshake Selects voltage from fly-back power supply controls the FET switch on VBUS. TPS25740A is an example of a PD controller FET is required to prevent high voltage on VBUS until the right time. Back-to-Back FETs required by USB Type-C for adaptors with receptacle. All Adaptors must be able to drive VBUS to 0V when nothing is attached. Many types of devices can be inserted into a universal charger, so it is critical to prevent putting high voltage on VBUS until the right time. TI Design: PMP20211 (45W), PMP11451 (60W), PMP

12 45W Single-port AC/DC Source Captive Cable VBUS VBUS 5V, 9V, or 15V Fly-Back VCON CC ESD CC1 CC2 Voltage Selection TX2/RX2 TX1/RX1 D+ D- SBU handles USB PD messaging handshake Selects voltage from fly-back power supply controls the FET switch on VBUS. TPS25740A is an example of a PD controller FET is required to prevent high voltage on VBUS until the right time. Only one FET required by USB Type-C for adaptors with captive cable. All Adaptors must be able to drive VBUS to 0V when nothing is attached. Many types of devices can be inserted into a universal charger, so it is critical to prevent putting high voltage on VBUS until the right time. TI Design: PMP20211 (45W), PMP11451 (60W), PMP

13 AC/DC Adaptor Application Below is a schematic for an AC/DC USB Type-C Power Delivery adaptor. o The TPS25740 is an example of a. CTL1 and CTL2 are pulled low or left open-drain to select the output voltage. 100k CTX CDV RS2 RFBU RS1 CDD CDD1 RF6 RDSCG CX3 10 F RCS RFBL RFBL2 DVDD EN_IN PSEL EN12Vb GND AGND VPWR GDNG GDNS DSCG HIPWR PCTRL CRX From AC Mains + CB1 CB2 RSLEW CAUX 100 CSLEW VBUS VTX ISNS Isolated AC/DC Flyback VAUX TI Design: PMP20211 (45W), PMP11451 (60W), PMP

14 Typical Behavior upon Attachment The CC2 / CC line shows the voltages on the configuration channel between the sink and a source that applies VCONN to the cable. t1: the cable is attached. t2: the source confirms a valid sink is attached, then applies 5V to VBUS and VCONN. t4 t3: USB Type-C 3A advertisement begins & USB PD messaging begins on CC line t4: VBUS voltage is increased to negotiated level. t2 AC/DC Adaptor (TPS25741 EVM) Sink (Apple MacBook) t1 t3 14

15 PD Voltage Transition Requirements If Negotiated Voltage (NV) > 5V vsrcnew = 5% of NV If Negotiated Voltage (NV) = 5V 4.75V < vsrcnew < 5.5V vsrcvalid =VSrcNew 0.5V vsrcslewpos < 30mV/ s tsrcsettle = 275ms tsrcready = 285ms With External FET, positive and negative slew rate can be controlled via R & C selection 15

16 VBUS in Faulty System RSLEW Consider the AC/DC adaptor when the CTL node gets shorted due to some faulty condition. The should disable the FET to prevent VBUS voltage raising too high before a USB PD negotiation. RFBU RFBL RFBL2 VPWR GDNG CSLEW GDNS ISNS VBUS DSCG RDSCG VBUS hits OVP trip-point. NFET gets disabled, limiting the max voltage on VBUS. Due to a fault, the reference node gets grounded. Causes flyback output to go high voltage. Sink plugged in at time 0 Try to turn on VBUS again after 0.8 sec. 16

17 Dual-Port Options (1/2) Each port marked as 45W capable One port attached: offer 45W Both ports attached: offer 45W each 5V, 9V, or 15V DC/DC (Buck) 45W Each port marked as 45W capable One port attached: offer 45W Both ports attached: offer 22.5W each 5V, 9V, or 15V DC/DC (Buck) 45W (TPS25740A) CTL1 / CTL2 45W (TPS25740A) CTL1 / CTL2 45W 5V, 9V, or 15V DC/DC (Buck) 5V, 9V, or 15V DC/DC (Buck) (TPS25740A) CTL1 / CTL2 Fly-Back 90W (TPS25740A) CTL1 / CTL2 Similar TI Design: PMP20271 (uses dual Buck LM5140) Fly-Back 45W 17

18 Dual-Port Options (2/2) Each port marked as 27W capable One port attached: offer 27W Both ports attached: offer 15W each Best efficiency, lowest BOM. 5V, or 9V Each port marked as 45W capable One port attached: offer 45W Both ports attached: offer 22.5W each 5V, 9V, or 15V DC/DC (Buck) 45W (TPS25740A) CTL2 (TPS25740A) CTL1 / CTL2 45W 5V, or 9V 5V, 9V, or 15V DC/DC (Buck) (TPS25740A) CTL2 Fly-Back 30W (TPS25740A) CTL1 / CTL2 Similar TI Design: PMP20271 (uses dual Buck LM5140) Fly-Back 45W 18

19 Summary USB Type-C is bringing major changes to the ubiquitous USB eco-system and has created a realistic possibility for a universal charger for all consumer electronics. USB Power Delivery is extending the applicability of USB into non-traditional applications. Even for the simplest USB Power Delivery application (charging) there are a number of options and features that must be tuned per system requirements. 19

20 Appendix Buck DC-DC Solutions - Controllers Part Number Description Vin (Min) (V) Vin (Max) (V) Vout Vout Iout (Min) (V) (Max) (V) (Max) (A) Regulated Outputs (#) Switching Frequency (Min) (khz) Switching Frequency (Max) (khz) Special Features TPS40304 TPS V to 20V Wide Input Synchronous Buck Controller Dual Output or Two-phase Synchronous Buck Controller Enable, Power Good, Pre- Bias Start-Up, Synchronous Rectification Enable, Frequency Synchronization, Remote Sense LM5140-Q1 Dual Output Synchronous Buck Low standby current 20

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