SMART-SAVER CLASSROOM

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1 e-issn Volume 3 Issue 4, April 2017 pp Scientific Journal Impact Factor : SMART-SAVER CLASSROOM (BY USING MCS 51 MICROCONTROLLERS) Anurag Maurya 1, Himanshu Rai 2, Vishwajeet Kumar 3, Viverk Raj 4 1,2,3,4 GLBITM, Gr. Noida, U.P. Abstract: Some of the most prominent problems facing the world today are wastage of power. Governments and scientists across the globe are working day and night in order to bring these problems under control. The rise in energy costs urged the need in minimizing the energy consumption. As significant amount of energy is used for illuminating in educational buildings such as lecture halls and lecture rooms, improvements is needed to avoid energy waste for unoccupied and daylight hour. The lighting will be controlled based on demand to save the energy costs. This paper proposes a concept of smart energy saving classroom system using Arduino Microcontroller. It integrates the lighting, fans and air conditioner control system. The inputs are sensor at the door and sensors at each of the student seat while the outputs are the projector dc motor, lights, air-conditioner and touch screen. The proposed system offers a costs-saving solution with low maintenance and gives great performance results. The main aim of this paper is to design and employ of power saving in general public places like auditoriums, shopping malls and theatres etc. Generally an Auditorium consists of so many number of electrical and electronic devices or equipments. To control and monitor all these equipments or appliances we need a person or controlling system. In this paper we are presenting the working of smart power controlling and saving in auditoriums, shopping malls, theatres etc., by using an electronic circuit in an easy way without having human being. This paper describes the complete working of electrical and electronic devices with automatic control and also power saving in theatres, shopping malls and auditoriums. To implement this we have used MCS 51 family microcontroller, IRsensors/LDR (Light Dependent Resister), 16X2 LCD (Liquid Crystal Display). MCS 51 family Microcontroller is used to control the total operation. The MCS 51 family microcontrollers are famous for these types of projects. Billions of dollars are spent by nations for the research of power saving systems which are capable of saving power and also without changing the uses. In this paper, we propose the idea of smart saver classroom remote in order to guarantee and increase the efficiency of power saving abilities using sensors and microcontroller This type of classroom mainly use sensors to observe the environment and automatically take decisions about its behavior or pass this information to microcontroller who control the vehicle through programming. Existing systems do not include the environmental assessment, temperature variation assessment, and the implementation with most advanced hardware and related software algorithm. The objective of this project is to develop and implement a smart classroom utilizing embedded micro-controllers. This system of ours has three parts - one is the control unit (to control mobility) and the second is the motion tracking unit and third is temperature variation assessment unit. All these units have two modes- Automatic and Manual. To verify the effectiveness of our proposed system, we conducted many operation tests in the real environment. In the consequence of the operation test, we expect that smart saver classroom will play an important role in energy conservation as well as automation implementation development. Keywords: Automatic Energy Efficient Smart-Saver Classroom including, PIR Sensor, Curtain Control, Power Saver, DC Motor. I. All rights Reserved 48

2 In today s fast-moving, highly competitive industrial world, a company must be flexible, cost effective and efficient if it wishes to survive. In the process and manufacturing industries, this has resulted in a great demand for industrial control systems/ automation in order to streamline operations in terms of speed, reliablity and product output. Automation plays an increasingly important role in the world economy and in daily experience. Automation is the use of control systems and information technologies to reduce the need for human work in the production of goods and services. In the scope of industrialization, automation is a step beyond mechanization. Whereas mechanization provided human operators with machinery to assist them with the muscular requirements of work, automation greatly decreases the need for human sensory and mental requirements as well. AIM OF THE PROJECT TO SAVE ENERGY, MAKE EFFICIENT UTILIZATION OF POWER What is Automation Control System? Automation Control System - System that is able to control a process with minimal human assistance or without manual and have the ability to initiate, adjust, action show or measures the variables in the process and stop the process in order to obtain the desired output. The main objective of Automation Control System used in the industry are: 1. to increase productivity 2. to improve quality of the product 3. Control production cost. Classification of automation a) Manual/Fixed Operation - This control system is designed to perform a specific task - Functions of control circuit is fixed and permanent. - It will be complicated if we want to do other task apart from the existing task. b) Programmable /Flexible Automation - Programmable automation or flexible automation is a complex control system that can perform several tasks - Functions of control circuit programmed by the user and can be modified. - When the task to be performed by machines changed, changes only need to be done by making modifications to the All rights Reserved 49

3 II. GENERAL BLOCK DIAGRM III. HARDWARE COMPONENT ARDUINO UNO MICROCONTROLLER RECEIVER ARDUINO UNO SERVOMOTOR DC MOTOR PIR SENSOR EXPLORER BOARD ARDUINO UNO MICROCONTROLLER: Arduino is an open-source electronics prototyping platform based on flexible, easy-to-use hardware and software. The open-source Adriano environment makes it easy to write code and upload it to the i/o board. Arduino/Genuino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P. It contains everything needed to support the microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer with a USB cable or power it with a AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get started. "Uno" means one in Italian and was chosen to mark the release of Adriano Software (IDE). The Uno board is the first in a series of USB Arduino boards. Generally single chip microcontroller which has some important features of MCS-51 family microcontrollers, that is: 1. Central Processing All rights Reserved 50

4 2. Random Access Memory 3. Read Only Memory 4. I/O Ports 5. Interrupt pins 6. Timers 7. Counters 8. Serial controls pins (UART) International Journal of Current Trends in Engineering & Research (IJCTER) RELAYS: The representation of relays and contactors in the electrical circuit diagram is identical, as their operating principle. i. Relays are used to switch relatively small output and current. ii. Contactor to switch relatively large output and currents. a) Definition Relay: A relay is an electrically operated switch/electromagnetically actuated switch. Current flowing through the coil of the relay creates a magnetic field which attracts a lever and changes the switch contacts. The coil current can be ON or OFF so relays have two switch positions and most have double throw (changeover) switch contacts. b) Types of Relays: Relays are usuallly SPDT (Single Pole Double Throw) or DPDT (Double Pole Double Throw) but they can have many more sets of switch contacts. Poles : the number of sets of contacts Throw : The number of positions or combinations (open or close) the contacts have. The relay's switch connections are usually labeled as COM, NC and NO: COM = Common, always connect to this, it is the moving part of the switch. NC = Normally Closed, COM is connected to this when the relay coil is off. NO = Normally Open, COM is connected to this when the relay coil is on. Connect to COM and NO if you want the switched circuit to be on when the relay coil is on. Connect to COM and NC if you want the switched circuit to be on when the relay coil is off. HOW RELAY WORKS 1. When switch is ON/press, the current will flow through the coil. 2. It will energize the electromagnet. 3. Then the coil (electromagnet) will attract the lever. 4. After the lever touch each other, the electricity will flow to the load. Relay can be used for various regulating, control and monitoring functions. As interfaces between control circuits and load circuits For signal multiplication\ For separation of direct current and alternating current circuits For delaying, generating and converting signals and For linking information.. SERVO MOTOR: A servomotor is a rotary actuator or linear actuator that allows for precise control of angular or linear position, velocity and acceleration. It consists of a suitable motor coupled to a sensor for position feedback. It also requires a relatively sophisticated controller, often a dedicated module designed specifically for use with servomotors. A servomotor is a closed-loop servomechanism that uses position feedback to control its motion and final position. The input to its control is a signal (either analogue or digital) representing the position commanded for the output All rights Reserved 51

If the output position differs from that required, an error signal is generated which then causes the motor to rotate in either direction, as needed to bring the output shaft to the appropriate

5 The motor is paired with some type of encoder to provide position and speed feedback. In the simplest case, only the position is measured. The measured position of the output is compared to the command position, the external input to the controller. If the output position differs from that required, an error signal is generated which then causes the motor to rotate in either direction, as needed to bring the output shaft to the appropriate position. As the positions approach, the error signal reduces to zero and the motor stops. SENSORS: A complete sensor consists of a motion detector an electronic control unit, and a controllable switch/relay. The detector senses motion and determines whether there are occupants in the space. It also has a timer that signals the electronic control unit after a set period of inactivity. The control unit uses this signal to activate the switch/relay to turn equipment on or off. For lighting applications, there are three main sensor types: passive infrared, ultrasonic, and hybrid. Circuit Operation: The four sensors/ldrs are directly connected to the microcontroller pin P0.0 and P0.1. The output of the two sensors are applied as a high pulse and low pulse. These high and low pulses are considered as set 1 and reset 0. And this conditions are checked by the microcontroller as per the written code/dumped code in it. The code/program is written in assembly language. Then lights, fans, other electronic and electrical appliances are switched ON automatically, as per the count All rights Reserved 52

6 in the program/code. In this project we illustrated the concept with bulbs and fans. If less no. of persons are enters in auditorium, only one device should goes ON. If the no. of persons are entering into auditorium is increased then automatically the remaining all devices goes ON. If one by one leaves from auditorium then automatically the devices (fan, light.etc.) in that goes OFF one by one. If no person in auditorium then all the devices should becomes OFF. This is done by microcontroller switching without having any human interference. So using this electronic circuit we can reduce 99% human efforts in controlling the all appliances in auditorium. So by implementing this concept we can control the wastage of the power in such type of areas. Advantages and Disadvantages Of Automation Control In Industry The main advantages of automation are: Replacing human operators in tasks that involve hard physical work. Replacing humans in tasks done in dangerous environments (i.e. fire, space, volcanoes, facilities, underwater, etc.) nuclear Performing tasks that are beyond human capabilities of size, weight, speed, endurance, etc. Economy improvement: Automation may improve in economy of enterprises, society or most of humanity. For example, when an enterprise invests in automation, technology recovers its investment; or when a state or country increases its income due to automation like Germany or Japan in the 20th Century. Reduces operation time and work handling time significantly. The main disadvantages of automation are: Unemployment: It rate increases due to machines replacing humans and putting those humans out of their jobs. Technical Limitation: Current technology is unable to automate all the desired tasks. Security Threats/Vulnerability: An automated system may have limited level of intelligence, hence it is most likely susceptible to commit error Unpredictable development costs: The research and development cost of automating a process may exceed the cost saved by the automation itself. High initial cost: The automation of a new product or plant requires a huge initial investment in comparison with the unit cost of the product, although the cost of automation is spread in many product batches of things. IV. CONCLUSION The current was corrected only from the power supply mains to the Power Saver only. Current from the Power Saver to the inductive load remains the same. In order to keep the current minimum along the cable, the power saver will be better kept as close as possible to the load that requires power factor correction. In this paper we have developed a real time model that can control and monitor the complete status of all appliances of any place like auditorium, shopping mall, theatre, school, college, bus stand etc automatically without having human interference so that there is a chance to reduce the All rights Reserved 53

7 wastage and human efforts. An automated auditorium can be a very simple grouping of controls, or it can be heavily automated where any appliance that is plugged in to electrical power supply is remotely controlled. It monitors the entrance and exit s of the auditorium so that we need not to check manually. This system has a lot of advantages such as simple structure, small size, low power consumption, low cost and stable. Microprocessor power saver is similar to the passive power saver as presented above. The advantage is that it can constantly maintain the best power factor even when your load various. The intelligent controller will adjust accordingly to your load, though result in a minimum current flowing from the power station to your home. However, the current from your home to your appliance, should remain unchanged. The concept of power correction as presented in the previous section will still be apply. Minimizing current drawn from your power service provider does not mean you can have significant electricity saving. The use of a power factor correcting device helps to reduce current from the power mains to the device. Lower current means that the current carrying cable can be afford to be thinner. To put it in another way, more inductive appliances can be connected to the same cable if they are all power factor corrected. Lower current flowing through the cable also means less power loss on the cable itself. High current flowing through a thin cable can generate some heat (cable loss). However cable loss is usually insignificant. To conclude, the power saver can help to reduce current flow. In order to reduce the current, you will need to understand your load and apply the correct counter load value. Over correcting an appliances will make it worst. In terms of energy saving, the saving will be insignificant. In fact, the experiment shows a slight increase in wattage. It is quite conclusive that the Power Saver product is a scam. REFERENCES The following are some other sites from people who have similar knowledge and explaination. I have collected these website for your further understanding of how power saver works. [1] Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillispie Mazidi The 8051 Microcontroller and Embedded Systems Using Assembly and C-2nd-ed [2] Oliver Gassmann Sensors Applications volume-2 [3] [4] [5] Inderpreet Kaur Microcontroller Based Home Automation System With Security IJACSA Vol. 1, No. 6, December 2010 [6] de.pdf. [7] Nhivekar G.S. and Mudholkar R.R Microcontroller Based IR Remote Control Signal Decoder for Home Application AASR 2011, 2(4): [8] [9] Home automation costs. Totalavcontrol.co.uk. Retrieved [10] Infrared sensors: detectors, electronics, and signal processing: July 1991, San Diego, California T. S. Jayadev. [11] Zhihong Qian Recent Advances in Computer Science and Information Engineering, Volume 4 [12] Practical Aspects of Embedded System Design Using Microcontrollers By Jivan S. Parab [13] Exploring C for Microcontrollers: A Hands on Approach By Jivan S. Parab. [14] ch2ujvym4bwrqfbzogaag&ved=0cdwq6aewa Q#v=onepage&q=at89s52%20books&f=false [15] [16] All rights Reserved 54

3 PHASE FAULT ANALYSIS WITH AUTO RESET FOR TEMPORARY FAULT AND TRIP FOR PREMANENT

e-issn 2455 1392 Volume 3 Issue 4, April 2017 pp. 80 84 Scientific Journal Impact Factor : 3.468 http://www.ijcter.com 3 PHASE FAULT ANALYSIS WITH AUTO RESET FOR TEMPORARY FAULT AND TRIP FOR PREMANENT