Smart Buildings and their benefits

Transcription

1 Smart Buildings and their benefits 1

2 1. Introduction Drawbacks of current buildings Too hot or too cold environment Inappropriate amount of light Irrelevant people might enter the building Vulnerability in case of natural disasters like earthquakes Vulnerability in case of chemical attacks General approaches as solutions Schedule heating and hot water to go on and off when needed Customize the light system settings The electric badges and the smart cameras Automatically changing the way weight is carried by internal structure Instantly seal air ducts off and contact authorities Solution Sense when the user is uncomfortable and adjust to his preferences Smart Buildings 2

3 2. Smart Buildings Definition: Use sensors, actuators and computers, to collect data and manage it according to a business functions and services Components of smart buildings: 1) Building Automation System(BAS) 2) Sensors 3) Actuators 4) Controllers 5) Communication Protocols What is Building Automation System (BAS)? Any control system that automatically controls building operations such as: Heating, Ventilation, Air conditioning (HVAC) Lighting Security Example of BAS 3

4 2.1. Sensors(Inputs) Detect changes in the environment and records, indicates, or responses accordingly Examples: PIR sensors: Used to build an automatic door system IR sensors: Used to build a fan speed control system that uses a TV remote Temperature sensors: Detects the temperature, used to assign the temperature to the user s preferences Occupancy sensors: Used to detect the occupancy of a room 4

5 2.2. Actuators(Outputs) A type of motor that is responsible for moving or controlling a mechanism or system Different types of actuators: Comb drive Digital micro mirror device Electric motor Electroactive polymer Hydraulic cylinder Piezoelectric actuator Thermal bimorph Pneumatic actuator Screw jack Servomechanism Solenoid Stepper motor Shape-memory alloy E.G.: The HVAC system: 1)The opening and closing a valve of a motor to throw a certain amount of liquid 2)The thermostats send signals to the dampers (actuators), to open and close to set the required temperature 5

6 2.3. Controllers A device in the form of a microprocessor or computer, which monitors and physically alters the operating conditions of given dynamical systems Goes through theses steps: Processes the input data from sensors Applies to the logic of control Causes an output to be generated Compares the output and the expected value and measures the error The actuator reacts accordingly The process will be repeated so that we have less error Example: Temperature Control System Different types of Controllers: PLCs System/network controllers Terminal unit controller 6

7 2.4. Network All the devices communicate with each other through protocols Protocols Modbus LonWorks BACnet Benefits Easy to implement Interoperability with other devices Interoperability with other devices Memory needed 2KB 16 KB KB Data object Properties Sends data Sends data and parameters such as point name, resolution, units Sends data and parameters such as point name, resolution, units baud rate 9600 bps bps bps bps bps 7

8 Sensors detect car and exterior lights go on Security system grants access Lights on HVAC system adjusts airflow + temperature Daylight harvesting dims lighting HVAC, lights, and security all set back 5AM :Manager arrives for a global call 1PM : Sun pours in through southfacing windows Overnight: When nobody is in the building 10AM: Meeting in the conference room 6PM: Most of the building is empty Lights on when people arrive Temperature adjusts,depending on the number of people Following a schedule lights off, except where occupancy is detected 8

9 3. Expected benefits of smart buildings Reduction in energy consumption and operating costs We can save: Up to 75% of lighting energy consumption Up to 70% of electricity usage Improved occupant comfort Efficient operation of building systems Improved life cycle of utilities less power consumption results in longer lifetime for the devices reduce annual operating costs 12% Avoiding damages Increased productivity Rich data, customizable spaces, and 24/7 monitoring, results in productivity boost of 18% 9

10 3.1. Current smart buildings are not good enough What can t they do? Not adaptable enough Don t know users desires Can t operate with sufficient resolution Don t go higher than a building level Remote Control is not good enough How do we solve these problems: IoT!!! Sensors implemented on every thing All devices can communicate and respond More information to users, 5000 exabytes on cloud 10

11 4. Internet of Things Definition: The inter-networking of things embedded with electronics, software, sensors, actuators, and network connectivity to collect and exchange data What are things? 11

12 4.1. How IoT works Uniquely identifiable objects Communication Data collection Processing Capability RFID: Wireless sensor nodes Barcode Zigbee Smartphones To make smaller things to have the capability to connect and interact A wide range of sensing capability is needed to detect: Location Vibration Motion Pressure Temperature To enhance the power of network by developing processing capabilities at different parts of the network 12

13 4.2. Usage of IoT Connect with things: new way of interacting and learning Monitor things: observe things from far away Search for things: keys, people, deliveries, Manage things: better energy efficiency, better productivity Control things: choosing your preferences Play with things Where the world will be in 20 years? Each individual will be in contact with up to 5000 smart things in our everyday lives 13

14 4.3. IoT and Smart(er) Buildings Why do we need IoT? Need to know the location of the person Need to know if the user is engaged in their job Need to know how responding they are From anywhere in the world we want to know: Is this chair occupied? If yes, who is sitting on it? How? A unique address Sensors to sense the environment: Pressure Sensor RFID tag reader Ability to communicate A mechanism of control 14

15 4.4. IoT Things are connected to internet that were not connected before, no specific design is there, operation behind airgap We don t update computers, do we think people will update hundreds of devices in buildings? Examples of giving things connectivity that went bad: Scientists demonstrate deadly WIFI Pacemaker Hack Insulin pump hack delivers fatal dosage over the air FBI: Smart Meter Hacks Likely to Spread Samsung dishwasher was hacked Iran nuclear experts race to stop spread of Stuxnet computer worm Researchers show How a Car s Electronics Can Be Taken Over Remotely 2016 Dyn cyberattack through Mirai malware

16 4.5. Solution for security How to evaluate the IoT impacts on security in a smart building? 1) Making a physical model of the building 2) Simulate different systems of the building (e.g. HVAC system) 3) Temperature dynamics should also be implemented in the model 4) The ability to allow the sensors, the actuators, and the controllers to communicate with each other 5) Emulating the HVAC system Testbed Definition: A platform for conducting rigorous, transparent, and replicable testing of scientific theories, computational tools, and new technologies Objective: Allows us to understand what s going to happen before implementing on the real case Allows us to evaluate defenses Find new techniques to make the building resilient to attacks 16

17 17 Testbed Diagram

18 5. Testbed Proposal D 400 Gateway Substation Clock Multilin Managed Switch Substation Controller Substation Controller HMI Multilin Feeder Protection System Infrastructure objective: (Based up on the SAIC building) Emulating the HVAC functionality of an office building Consist of the simulation of the building temperature dynamics Incorporate actual sensors and actuators into the simulation framework Compatible with BACnet, LonWorks, and Modbus Able to use this testbed for any other building as well Input Modules Modern Switchgear NC CTs/PTs 18

19 Conclusion Owners demand remote access to building systems Manufacturers will have to make their systems accessible through Web browsers Every major global government, and every major economic bloc is investing heavily in the Internet of Things The combination of IoT and Smart Buildings will be so efficient and everyone will know it is a must to each and every company and houses Build a testbed to make sure the security for IoT is guaranteed 19

20 Questions? Thank you! 20