Computing and Sustainability Systems/Architecture & Beyond. Carla Schlatter Ellis Duke University

Transcription

1 Computing and Sustainability Systems/Architecture & Beyond Carla Schlatter Ellis Duke University 1

2 Scope Do less harm -- the greening of computing Energy efficiency for computing Data Centers Costs of electricity for computing & AC Energy efficiency relative to performance Mobile & wireless computing Battery lifetime Lifecycle reduce/reuse/recycle Incentive systems for resource sharing This workshop 2

3 Scope Provide a benefit Computing s role in supporting energy conservation outside computing sector Examples: Context-aware computing to enable smart home energy management Interfaces exposing residential energy use to homeowners Collaboration applications for more effective teleconferencing / telecommuting Management of microgrids P2P electric generation Vision of a broader role for computing research in developing a sustainable culture. 3

4 Electricity Consumption & GHG Emissions Source: Energy Information Admin, eia.doe.gov

5 Growing Electricity Use for Computing: Data for Servers and Data Centers $4.5B 5 Source: EPA Report to Congress, Aug 07

6 Growing Electricity Use for Computing: Data for Servers and Data Centers Potential to do less harm 6 Source: EPA Report to Congress, Aug 07

7 Residential Electricity Consumption Potential of computing to contribute to energy efficiency for these other uses? 7

8 State of the Art in Energy Management for Computing Unmodified Apps Energy-Aware Apps OS & System Software for Energy / Thermal Management Power-Aware Computer Architecture Low Power Circuit Design 8

9 State of the Art in Energy Management for Computing Unmodified Apps Voltage Frequency Scheduling OS & System Software for Energy / Thermal Management Power-Aware Computer Architecture Voltage Scaling Caching Prefetching Memory power states Page placement Disk spin Low Power Circuit Design Energy-Aware Apps Access pattern hints Power down policies down Adapting Fidelity Task migration Variable power radios 9

10 State of the Art in Energy Management for Computing Unmodified Apps Energy-Aware Apps OS & System Software for Energy / Thermal Management Monitoring Usage Patterns Predicting Usage Patterns Shaping Usage Patterns Power-Aware Computer Architecture Scaling Power States Low Power Circuit Design 10

11 Milly Watt Project Unmodified Apps FaceOff Display Mgt [HotOS03] Energy Centric Operating System (ECOSystem) [ASPLOS02, USENIX03, IEEE Pervasive Computing05] Power-Aware Memory & DVS [ASPLOS00, ISLPED01, PACS02, PACS03] Low Power Circuit Design 11

12 Emerging Research Themes HW issues: high base power when idle, limited range of power settings, high transition times Approach: heterogeneity Multiple radios, Turducken-like architectures, BlueFS Understanding interference among per-device management policies and coordinating multiple devices Frameworks & abstractions with a whole system perspective 12

13 Emerging Research Themes Cross-layer, bi-directional information exchange Interfaces, accounting, exposing metrics between levels, user education about energy use Unmodified Apps Energy-Aware Apps OS & System Software for Energy / Thermal Management Power-Aware Computer Architecture Low Power Circuit Design 13

14 Emerging Research Themes Engaging application designers & end users Energy-aware applications and algorithms Software engineering to develop tools and programming environments to encourage energy-aware programming Feedback for the education of users Evidence that information about energy usage does affect conservation behavior 14

15 Opportunities for Broadening the Research Community 15 Energy has become mainstream in the software systems and computer architecture fields There is effective collaboration among OS, compiler, architecture researchers Overlaps between mobile and data center domains synergies can be strengthened Any subdiscipline of computer science can find research topics related to energy efficiency (if only adopting it as a new metric) Algorithms, software engineering, HCI, pervasive computing Pursue inter-disciplinary research with scientists & engineers dealing with environmental and energy problems Our expertise is relevant

16 Improved lifecycle: reduce/reuse/recycle Your turn! Incentive systems to encourage energy-motivated resource sharing P2P to achieve more efficient utilization of existing unused capacity