ELE580A: Green Information Technology (Fall 2010) Instructor: Professor Margaret Martonosi

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1 ELE580A: Green Information Technology (Fall 2010) Instructor: Professor Margaret Martonosi Where to find stuff: All course information, schedule, and links to class readings will be available from the Google Calendar at the link below: ndar.google.com&ctz=america/new_york Or, search for 580A or Green Information Technology in Google s public calendars. Where and When: Tuesdays & Thursdays, 3:00PM 4:20 PM, Friend 304 Course Description: This course will cover current developments in Green Information Technology, with a particular emphasis on energy- efficient data centers. Material will be covered by reading and discussing technical papers and other resources. Discussion- oriented classes will focus on in- depth analysis of readings. Note: The papers you will read are all important contributions to the field, but they vary from well- written, clear overviews of a topic, into highly- specific and often not- so- well- written technical details. You should expect to have difficulty understanding some, or even many, of them on your first reading; we all do. You therefore will not be expected to master these readings, but rather to make your best effort. My hope and past experience is that class discussion will help you to better understand the difficult parts. Course Grading Overview: Participation in class discussions: 40% Written responses to per- paper questions: 25% Paper/project: 35%

2 Class participation and response papers This course uses a discussion, not lecture, format. Each class will cover particular subjects from the assigned reading. Written response papers: Students will be expected to have carefully read the relevant assigned readings. Prior to class, you will prepare a written response to each paper. In particular, for each assigned reading, you will pick 2 of the following 4 questions, and answer them in written form. 1) What was the most interesting contribution of this paper? 2) What was the most surprising item mentioned in this paper? 3) What was the most confusing portion of this paper? 4) What was the most unconvincing argument, data, or result in this paper? (You only need to answer 2 of these for each paper, and you can answer different questions each time.) Your written responses (1 or 2 pages) are due no later than 8 hours before the beginning of the class to which they pertain. (I will use your responses to refine my discussion plan.) 25% of the course grade will come from response papers, but I will discard the worst two. (Late written responses won t be accepted.) Class participation: The quality and quantity of student participation in class discussions is worth 40% of the course grade. Participation grades will reflect the quality of the student's preparation and analysis as well as the student's contribution to the process of discussion: making connections with other students' remarks, raising overlooked issues, asking good questions, making good summaries. It is likely that the students who put some effort into reading the papers carefully and doing more than cursory attention on the written preparation will be better able to contribute to the discussion. Note also though that effective participation requires a great deal of listening as well speaking, and in particular requires careful listening to other students, and not just to the instructor.

3 Course Project Description: Your final project will be choice of one of the two below. Synthesis paper: Select a sub- topic related to the course (e.g. memory power dissipation in data centers), and create a well- written synthesis or technical review paper. This page paper should be comprehensive in covering the research papers within the sub- topic and comparing them on key attributes or design characteristics. Technical Project: Using simulation, analytic modeling, or measurement infrastructure, perform a research project on a topic related to energy- efficient data centers. Possible topics include: Impact of virtualization layers on power efficiency (server consolidation vs. overhead) Latency and power characterizations for different data center workloads Role of dynamic frequency and voltage scaling in future data centers. Timeline Regardless of which project style you choose (synthesis paper or technical project), your work should adhere to the following timeline. Before October 11: MRM your proposed project topic. Week of October 11: 30- minute timeslots with MRM to discuss your proposed topic. December 16: Skeletal first draft due. January 7, 10, or 11: Final project presentations to class. (Exact date/time/room TBD) January 11: (Dean s Date). Final paper due ( pdf) More details on the project will be discussed in very early October.

4 Schedule of Class Sessions and Reading Assignments All readings are available on- line, and links are given below. Note that some of the later class plans may get rearranged depending on the interests of the group and new papers that seem relevant. Also, as the class date approaches, I may give guidance regarding which parts of the reading assignment to focus on, vs. which to skim. Lecture 1: (Sept 16) Course overview and orientation. No Class Sept 21: MRM Out of town! Lecture 2: (Sept 23) Background on CPU Power Computer Architecture Techniques for Power Efficiency. S. Kaxiras and M. Martonosi st edition. Morgan and Claypool Publishers. Chapters 1 and 3. (Chapter 2 is optional.) Available as free pdf (from Princeton machines) at: No Class Sept 28: MRM Out of town! Lecture 3: (Sept 30) Background on Data Centers The Datacenter as a Computer: An Introduction to the Design of Warehouse- Scale Machines. Luiz André Barroso, Urs Hölzle Available as free pdf (from Princeton machines) at: Skim Chapters 1,2,3. Read Chapters 4 and 5 in detail. Skim Chapters 6,7,8. Lecture 4: (Oct 4: NOTE: Makeup lecture due to absence!) Energy Proportionality L. Barroso and U. Hölzle. "The Case for Energy- Proportional Computing". IEEE Computer, vol. 40, N. Tolia, Z. Wang, M. Marwah, C. Bash, P. Ranganathan, and X. Zhu. "Delivering Energy Proportionality with Non Energy- Proportional Systems - - Optimizing the Ensemble", Proceedings of HotPower, December pdf Lecture 5: (Oct 5) Data Center Power Metrics The Green Grid datacenter power efficiency metrics: PUE and DCiE. Available at papers/the- Green- Grid- Data- Center- Power- Efficiency- Metrics- PUE- and- DCiE.aspx. Green Grid, Quantitative analysis of power distribution configurations for datacenters. Available at

5 S. Greenberg, E. Mills, and B. Tschudi, Best practices for datacenters: lessons learned from benchmarking 22 datacenters, 2006 ACEEE Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Buildings. Available at datacenters.pdf. Lecture 6: (Oct 7) Thermal and Cooling Skadron, K., Stan, M. R., Sankaranarayanan, K., Huang, W., Velusamy, S., and Tarjan, D Temperature- aware microarchitecture: Modeling and implementation. ACM Trans. Archit. Code Optim. 1, 1 (Mar. 2004), T. Heath, A. P. Centeno, P. George, L. Ramos, Y. Jaluria, and R. Bianchini. "Mercury and Freon: Temperature Emulation and Management for Server Systems". Proceedings of ASPLOS, October DE&CFID= &CFTOKEN= Lecture 7: (Oct 12) Thermal and Cooling II J. Moore, J. Chase, P. Ranganathan, and R. Sharma. "Making scheduling cool: temperature- aware workload placement in data centers". Proceedings of USENIX, June df Lecture 8: (Oct 14) Heterogeneous systems T. Heath, B. Diniz, E. V. Carrera, W. Meira Jr., and R. Bianchini. "Energy Conservation in Heterogeneous Server Clusters". Proceedings of PPoPP'05, June R. Nathuji, C. Isci, and E. Gorbatov. "Exploiting Platform Heterogeneity for Power Efficient Data Centers". Proceedings of ICAC'07, June Lecture 9: (Oct 19) Networking issues Guest Lecture by Prof. Jennifer Rexford. Lecture 10: (Oct 21) Green DSL Guest Lecture by Prof. Mung Chiang. (MRM Out of town) Lecture 11: (Oct 25) Power Management J. Chase, D. Anderson, P. Thakar, A. Vahdat, R. Doyle. "Managing Energy and Server Resources in Hosting Centers". Proceedings of SOSP'01, October P. Bohrer, E. Elnozahy, T. Keller, M. Kistler, C. Lefurgy, C. McDowell, and R. Rajamony. "The case for power management in web servers". Power- Aware Computing, R. Graybill and R. Melhem, Eds. Series In Computer Science. Kluwer

6 Academic Publishers, January management- in- web- servers pdf Lecture 12: (Oct 27) Power Management II Y. Chen, A. Das, W. Qin, A. Sivasubramaniam, Q. Wang, and N. Gautam. "Managing Server Energy and Operational Cost in Hosting Centers". Proceedings of SIGMETRICS'05, June X. Fan, W.- D. Weber, and L. A. Barroso. "Power provisioning for a warehouse- sized computer". Proceedings of ISCA'07, June DE&CFID= &CFTOKEN= Week of November 1: No class. Fall break. Lecture 13: (Nov 9) Jim Gray, Rules of Thumb Jim Gray, Prashant Shenoy. Rules of Thumb in Data Engineering Microsoft Technical Report. Dec _engineering.pdf Lecture 14: (Nov 11) Power Capping and Provisioning P. Ranganathan, P. Leech, D. Irwin, and J. Chase. "Ensemble- level Power Management for Dense Blade Servers". Proceedings of ISCA'06, June nsemble.pdf S. Govindan, J. Choi, B. Urgaonkar, A. Sivasubramaniam, and A. Baldini. "Statistical Profiling- based Techniques for Effective Power Provisioning in Data Centers." Proceedings of EuroSys, April govindan.pdf Lecture 15: (Nov 16) Virtualization and Data Centers Nathuji, R. and Schwan, K VirtualPower: coordinated power management in virtualized enterprise systems. SIGOPS Oper. Syst. Rev. 41, 6 (Oct. 2007), DOI= Lecture 16: (Nov 18) Idle Power D. Meisner, B. T. Gold, and T. F. Wenisch. "PowerNap: Eliminating Server Idle Power". Proceedings of ASPLOS, March DE&CFID= &CFTOKEN= Lecture 17: (Nov 23) Memory Power I Guest lecture by Prof. Ricardo Bianchini, Rutgers University No class November 25: Thanksgiving Holiday Lecture 18: (Nov 30) Memory Power II

7 Diniz, B., Guedes, D., Meira, W., and Bianchini, R Limiting the power consumption of main memory. In Proceedings of the 34th Annual international Symposium on Computer Architecture (San Diego, California, USA, June 09-13, 2007). ISCA '07. ACM, New York, NY, C. Lefurgy, K. Rajamani, F. Rawson, W. Felter, M. Kistler, T. W. Keller, "Energy Management for Commercial Servers," IEEE Computer, vol. 36, no. 12, December, Lecture 19: (Dec 2) Storage Power S. Gurumurthi, A. Sivasubramaniam, M. Kandemir, and H. Franke. "DRPM: Dynamic Speed Control for Power Management in Server Class Disks". Proceedings of ISCA, June Lecture 20: (Dec 7) Storage Power II Q. Zhu, Z. Chen, L. Tan, Y. Zhou, K. Keeton, and J. Wilkes. "Hibernator: Helping disk arrays sleep through the winter". Proceedings SOSP, October hibernator.pdf Lecture 21: (Dec 9) Beyond a Single Data Center Qureshi, R. Weber, H. Balakrishnan, J. Guttag and B. Maggs. "Cutting the Electric Bill for Internet- Scale Systems". Proceedings of SIGCOMM, August DE&CFID= &CFTOKEN= K. Le, R. Bianchini, M. Martonosi, and T. Nguyen. "Cost- and Energy- Aware Load Distribution Across Data Centers". Proceedings of HotPower, October pe=pdf Kien Le, Ozlem Bilgir, Ricardo Bianchini, Margaret Martonosi, Thu D. Nguyen. Capping the Brown Energy Consumption of Internet Services at Low Cost. Proceedings of the First International Green Computing Conference, Lecture 22: (Dec 14) Electric Supply Issues and Policy Issues Lecture 23: (Dec 16) Highlights of recent papers + Summary + A look forward! Lecture 24: (Jan 7, 10, or 11) Project Presentations