REGIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL TRENDS IN INFORMATION SOCIETY ISSUES CYBERCRIME CHALLENGE

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1 CYBERCRIME REGIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL TRENDS CHALLENGE IN INFORMATION SOCIETY ISSUES The Challenge of Investigating and Prosecuting Cybercrime HIPCAR WORKING GROUP March 2010, St. Lucia Dr. Marco Gercke, Director Cybercrime Research Institute Dr. Marco Gercke Cybercrime Research Institute Cybercrime Page: 1

2 INFORMATION SOCIETY Global development towards Information Societies Characterised by availability and extensive use of Information Technology Development of the Information Society is not limited to the highest developed countries. New high-tech products such as WMAX allow even less developed countries to catch up with Picture removed in print version Bild zur Druckoptimierung entfernt regard to the technical infrastructure BACKGROUND INFORMATION Society is accepting a number of risks with regard to the Information With regard to the dependence the ability to investigate is important CYBERCRIME page: 2

DEPENDANCE Major parts of the every day communication are already based on internet related services Access to the WWW (world wide web) and the uses of e-mail are only two examples Voice-over-IP

3 DEPENDANCE Major parts of the every day communication are already based on internet related services Access to the WWW (world wide web) and the uses of are only two examples Voice-over-IP (VoIP) and the offer of multimedia content for sale is today available for more than a billion internet user Picture removed in print version Bild zur Druckoptimierung entfernt EXAMPLE DEPENDANCE Network technology integrated in cars and buildings CYBERCRIME page: 3

DEPENDANCE Threats of internet based attacks against critical infrastructure Energy, Communication, Transportation, Health, Food supply, Finance, Government services, Essential

4 DEPENDANCE Threats of internet based attacks against critical infrastructure Energy, Communication, Transportation, Health, Food supply, Finance, Government services, Essential manufacturing, Even military infrastructure is depending critical technology Picture removed in print version Bild zur Druckoptimierung entfernt CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE CYBERCRIME page: 4

5 ECOMMERCE Increasing dependance on the availability of communication services Business are moving towards e- commerce Global availability of services But no global standards Picture removed in print version Bild zur Druckoptimierung entfernt E-COMMERCE CYBERCRIME page: 5

6 PRIVACY Increasing privacy concerns Users are leaving various traces while using the Internet Increasing interest in those information Picture removed in print version Bild zur Druckoptimierung entfernt GOOGLE CYBERCRIME page: 6

7 TRANSNATIONAL DIMENSION Services can be offered from any place No need to be physically present at the place where a website is physically located Company Server Possible location of customer Picture removed in print version Bild zur Druckoptimierung entfernt INDEPENDENCE Cybercrime page: 7

8 INFORMATION SOCIETY Internet is a good example for a harmonisation of standards Same protocols used all around the world Similar computer technology used More users in developing countries Cybercrime page: 8

9 MISSING CONTROL Terrorist Communication Offender 1 Offender 1 Medienstrafrecht, WS 09/10 Seite: 9

10 MISSING CONTROL Offender 1 Offender 1 Disconnection Medienstrafrecht, WS 09/10 Seite: 10

11 MISSING CONTROL Optional Route Optional Route Medienstrafrecht, WS 09/10 Seite: 11

12 DUAL CRIMINALITY Country with Cybercrime Legislation Country without Cybercrime Legislation Cybercrime page: 12

13 DUAL CRIMINALITY Cooperation impossible Cooperation impossible Cybercrime page: 13

14 DUAL CRIMINALITY Need for minimum standards Cybercrime page: 14

15 2. NATIONAL, REGIONAL, INTERNATIONAL Cybercrime Seite: 15

16 LEGISLATION Computer Fraud Religious Offences Cybercrime Seite: 16

17 LEGISLATION Computer Fraud Religious Offences Cybercrime Seite: 17

18 LEGISLATION Computer Fraud Religious Offences Cybercrime Seite: 18

19 LEGISLATION Dual criminality principle enables cooperation Cybercrime Seite: 19

20 LEGISLATION Potential for international solution Cybercrime Seite: 20

21 LEGISLATION Potential for regional solutions Potential for regional solutions Cybercrime Seite: 21

22 LEGISLATION Work area for national approach Cybercrime Seite: 22

23 ASIA-PACIFIC ECONOMIC COOPERATION The Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) is a forum for cooperation 21 member states APEC analysed the Cybercrime legislation of various member states but did so far not provide any legal framework on Cybercrime legislation Picture removed in print version Bild zur Druckoptimierung entfernt APEC MEMBER STATES Cybercrime Page: 23

24 COMMONWEALTH OF NATIONS The Commonwealth of Nations is a voluntary association of sovereign states Currently 53 associated states In 2002 the Commonwealth presented a model law on Cybercrime that provides a legal framework to address Cybercrime Picture removed in print version Bild zur Druckoptimierung entfernt COMMONWEALTH MEMBER STATES The model law was intentionally drafted in accordance with the Convention on Cybercrime Cybercrime Page: 24

25 ECONOMIC COMMUNITY OF WEST AFR. The Economic Community of West African States is a regional group of west African Countries Founded in 1975 it has currently fifteen member states In 2009 ECOWAS adopted the Directive on Fighting Cybercrime in ECOWAS that provides a legal framework for the member states Picture removed in print version Bild zur Druckoptimierung entfernt ECOWAS MEMBER STATES Directive includes substantive criminal law as well as procedural law Cybercrime Page: 25

26 EUROPEAN COMMUNITY / UNION The European union is a political Union of 27 member states One of the mandate of the EU is to harmonise legislation in selected areas It has adopted several Framework Decision and Directives to harmonise the legislation with regard to Cybercrime Picture removed in print version Bild zur Druckoptimierung entfernt EUROPEAN UNION The 27 member states are obliged to implement the legislation within the given time period Cybercrime Page: 26

27 UNITED NATIONS United Nations Organisation is an international organisation 192 member states In 1990 the UN GA adopted a resolution dealing with computer crime legislation Picture removed in print version Bild zur Druckoptimierung entfernt UNITED NATIONS ORGANISATION In 2000 the UN GA adopted a resolution on combating the criminal misuse of information technology In 2002 the UN GA adopted a second resolution on the criminal misuse of information technology Cybercrime Page: 27

28 COUNCIL OF EUROPE Council of Europe is an international organisation focusing on the European integration 47 member states Convention on Cybercrime (2001) First addition protocol to the Convention on Cybercrime (2003) Picture removed in print version Bild zur Druckoptimierung entfernt COUNCIL OF EUROPE Convention on the protection of children against sexual exploitation and sexual abuse (2007) Cybercrime Page: 28

PUBLICATION Gercke, Understanding Cybercrime A Guide for Developing Countries, published by ITU, 2009, 225 pages is available in the following languages: English, French,

29 PUBLICATION Gercke, Understanding Cybercrime A Guide for Developing Countries, published by ITU, 2009, 225 pages is available in the following languages: English, French, Spanish, Russian, Chinese, Arabic The publication can be downloaded free of charge at: cybersecurity/projects/ crimeguide.html Cybercrime page: 29

30 Cybercrime Research Institute Dr. Marco Gercke Niehler Str. 35 D Cologne, Germany Cybercrime Page: 30

LEGAL SOLUTION CYBERCRIME LEGAL SOLUTION LEGAL SOLUTION NATIONAL, REGIONAL, INTERNATIONAL

LEGAL SOLUTION CYBERCRIME LEGAL SOLUTION LEGAL SOLUTION NATIONAL, REGIONAL, INTERNATIONAL CYBERCRIME LEGAL SOLUTION NATIONAL, REGIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL SOULTIONS IN THE FIGHT AGAINST CYBERCRIME WITH A FOCUS ON THE BUDAPEST CONVENTION ON CYBERCRIME Regional Workshop on Frameworks for Cybersecurity