The Storage Evolution: From Blocks, Files and Objects to Object Storage Systems. Christian Bandulet Sun Microsystems

Transcription

1 The Storage Evolution: From Blocks, Files and s to Storage Systems Christian Bandulet Sun Microsystems

2 SNIA Legal Notice The material contained in this tutorial is copyrighted by the SNIA. Member companies and individuals may use this material in presentations and literature under the following conditions: Any slide or slides used must be reproduced without modification The SNIA must be acknowledged as source of any material used in the body of any document containing material from these presentations. This presentation is a project of the SNIA Education Committee. 2

3 Abstract The Storage Evolution: From Blocks, Files and s to Storage Systems This session will appeal to CIOs, CTOs, Consultants, System Architects and Technologists, and those that are seeking a fundamental understanding of the emerging object-based storage technologies. The audience will gain insight into the basic differences of block-, file- and object-based data access methods. The session will delve into the benefits of object storage and its value and also outline how this technology might impact future directions of storage system architectures. 3

4 Topics Block-Based Data Access File-Based Data Access -Based Data Access -Based Storage Devices (OSD) Storage Systems Storage Server (OSS) Content Addressable Storage (CAS) Content Aware Storage (CAS) Intelligent Storage Nodes (ISN) 4

5 Topics Block-Based Data Access File-Based Data Access -Based Data Access -Based Storage Devices (OSD) Storage Systems Storage Server (OSS) Content Addressable Storage (CAS) Content Aware Storage (CAS) Intelligent Storage Nodes (ISN) 5

6 The Data Access Taxonomy Data Access Block?? SCSI, SAS, FCP, iscsi, SRP, ATA SATA 6

7 The Block Paradigm SCSI, SAS, FCP, SRP, iscsi, iser, ATA, SATA Client Interface Physical Blocks: e.g. 512 bytes 7

8 Topics Block-Based Data Access File-Based Data Access -Based Data Access -Based Storage Devices (OSD) Storage Systems Storage Server (OSS) Content Addressable Storage (CAS) Content Aware Storage (CAS) Intelligent Storage Nodes (ISN) 8

9 The Data Access Taxonomy Data Access Check out SNIA Tutorial: Advanced Data Sharing Block? File SCSI, SAS, FCP, iscsi, SRP, ATA SATA Local FS, Distributed FS: (NFS, CIFS, WAFS) Shared FS: (Cluster FS, SAN FS) Global, Distributed & Parallel FS 9

10 Local File Systems One more level of indirection Application Server Data Mapping File system structure (i.e. inodes) Physical Disk Logical Blocks on Disk Physical Blocks on Disk 10

11 Shared File System (aka SAN FS / Cluster FS) Shared FS with Shared Device Shared FS with integrated Volume Management Shared FS Shared FS Shared FS MDS* Shared FS Shared FS Shared FS MDS* *MDS optional *MDS optional SAN Concatenate, RAID0, RAID1, RAID5,... 11

12 Distributed File Systems e.g. NAS with NFS,CIFS Protocol Application Server Application Server Application Server Application Server Application Server Application Server IP NAS Appliance Might become a bottleneck hard to scale. Data Physical Disk Disk Array Physical Disk Physical Disk Disk Array Physical Disk SAN VDISK Physical Disk Disk Array Physical Disk Physical Disk Disk Array Physical Disk

13 NAS Aggregation/Virtualization Global Namespace Why should accessing and scaling file storage be any different in enterprises? N A S N A S 13

14 FS Virtualization - NAS Aggregation In-Band Solution Application Server Application Server Application Server Application Server Application Server Application Server IP Provides Global Namespace NAS Router Data NAS Appliance NAS Appliance NAS Appliance NAS Appliance NAS Appliance Data Data Data Data Data SAN SAN SAN SAN SAN Global Namespace 14

15 FS Virtualization NFS4.1 pnfs Out-of-Band Solution In-Band NAS: Out-of-Band NAS: Application Server Server Application Server Application Server Application Server Application Server Application Server Application Server Application Server Application Server Application Server Application Server NFSv4 client NFSv4 client NFSv4 client NFSv4.1 client with pnfs NFSv4.1 client with pnfs NFSv4.1 client with pnfs IP NAS Appliance Storage Protocol: SCSI, NFS, OSD IP NAS Appliance with NFSv4.1 pnfs extensions Data Data SAN SAN Storage Device Storage Device Scalable NAS - Loosely Coupled NAS Cluster 15

16 FS Virtualization NFS4.1 pnfs (cont'd) Out-of-Band Solution NFSv4.1 client with pnfs NFSv4.1 client with pnfs NFSv4.1 client w/o pnfs Storage Protocol: SCSI, NFS, OSD Storage Device File: NFSv4.1 Block: iscsi, FCP, SRP, iser OSD Storage Device Storage Device Storage Device one-to-one, stripe, concatenation Global Namespace NFSv4.1 + pnfs NFSv4.1 NAS Appliance with NAS NFSv4.1 Appliance pnfs with extensions NFSv4.1 pnfs extensions Data Data Control Protocol MDS creates Global Namespace 16

17 Scalable NFS (NFS & Shared FS) NFS Client NFS Client NFS Client NFS Client NFS Client IP NFS Server NFS Server NFS Server Shared FS Shared FS Shared FS MDS* Shared FS Shared FS Shared FS MDS* *MDS optional *MDS optional Shared FS with Shared Device Scalable NFS with Shared FS 17

18 NAS Cluster NAS Grid aka Tightly Coupled NAS Application Server Application Server Application Server Application Server Application Server Application Server VIP NAS Appliance NAS Appliance NAS Appliance NAS Appliance Data Data Data Data SAN Single Data Image Global Namespace 18

19 Storage Area Network - SAN Server Server Server Server Server SAN Global Address Space (WWN, 24-bit fabric address, nameserver), zoning, routing,... Storage Device Storage Device Storage Device Storage Device Storage Device 19

20 File Area Network - FAN NAS Client NAS Client NAS Client NAS Client NAS Client FAN Check out SNIA Tutorial: FAN: An Architecture for Scalable, Service-oriented Data Management Global Namespace, load-balancing, network compression (WAFS), data protection (security, replication,...), SLA/ILM (migration, retention),... NAS Server NAS Server NAS Server NAS Server NAS Server SAN Global Address Space (WWN, 24-bit fabric address, nameserver), zoning, routing,... Storage Device Storage Device Storage Device Storage Device Storage Device 20

21 Topics Block-Based Data Access File-Based Data Access -Based Data Access -Based Storage Devices (OSD) Storage Systems Storage Server (OSS) Content Addressable Storage (CAS) Content Aware Storage (CAS) Intelligent Storage Nodes (ISN) 21

22 The Data Access Taxonomy Data Access Block File SCSI, SAS, FCP, iscsi, SRP, ATA SATA OSD CAS OSS Local FS, Distributed FS: (NFS, CIFS, WAFS) Shared FS: (Cluster FS, SAN FS) Global, Distributed & Parallel FS 22

23 The Old Block Paradigm Write Block # Write Block # Write Block # Write Block # Write Block # Write Block # Write Block # Status Return 0 Read Block # Read Block # Read Block # Read Block # Read Block # Read Block # Read Block # Data Store Retrieve

24 The New Paradigm Data OID OID Data Store Retrieve 24

25 The New Paradigm (cont'd) WRITE 26,763 Bytes QoS = High Description = X-Ray Retention = 50 years Access Key = *&^%# Data Payload... Data Store OID Storage Responsibilities: Space Management Access Control (Identity Mgmt) QoS Management Cache, Backup Policy Migration, Retention 25

26 Self-Contained s Data OID Metadata Attributes Metadata: creation date/time; ownership, size... Attributes inferred: access patterns, content, indexes... Attributes user supplied: retention, QoS... self-contained snail 26

27 File Access - Inodes The inode contains a few block numbers to ensure efficient access to small files. Access to larger files is provided via indirect blocks that contain block numbers Inode Host direct 0 direct 1 direct 2 direct 3 direct 4 direct 5 direct 6 direct 7 direct 8 direct 9 single indirect double indirect triple indirect Data Blocks data block data block data block data block data block data block data block data block data block data block data block data block data block 27

28 File Access Inodes (cont'd) The inode also contains file attributes File Attributes: Inode direct 0 direct 1 direct 2 direct 3 direct 4 direct 5 direct 6 direct 7 direct 8 direct 9 single indirect double indirect triple indirect File Owner File Type Permissions Last Access. Size Host The Storage Evolution: # of links From Blocks, Files and s to Storage Systems Data Blocks data block data block data block data block data block data block data block data block data block data block data block data block data block 28

29 Inodes vs. s Host File iscsi System Host File iscsi System iscsi IDs Inodes: Block Pointers File Attributes s: Block Pointers Attributes Block Device Device 29

30 Autonomy File iscsi System Inodes: Block Pointers File Attributes Host Block Device Block Device File iscsi System s: Block Pointers Attributes 1 5 Host iscsi IDs 2 6 Device Device 4 3 Storage becomes autonomous: capacity planning load balancing backup QoS, SLAs understand data/object grouping aggressive pre-fetching thin provisioning search compression/de-duplication, commonality factoring strong security, encryption compliance/retention/secure delete availability/replication Audit Self-healing. 30

31 Data Sharing Homogeneous/Heterogeneous Host Host Host Host File iscsi System File iscsi System File iscsi System File iscsi System iscsi IDs iscsi IDs Inodes: Block Pointers File Attributes Inodes: Block Pointers File Attributes Cluster/SAN file system s: Block Pointers Attributes Block Device Device 31

32 Data Migration - ILM Homogeneous/Heterogeneous Host File iscsi System OID Host File iscsi System OID Host File iscsi System OID... iscsi IDs iscsi IDs iscsi IDs s: Block Pointers Attributes s: Block Pointers Attributes s: Block Pointers Attributes Device Device Device 32

33 Additional Layer of Security Host iscsi Host strong security via external service authentication authorization NIS, LDAP... fine granularity per object Block Device Device 33

34 Living in a Flat Namespace File names / inodes s / OIDs Traditional Hierarchical Flat 34

35 Multiple Referenced s Metadata Record OID iscsi Y Customer iscsi ID Preferences iscsi Next iscsi Store Revenue iscsi Credit iscsi History Metadata Record OID iscsi Z Patient iscsiid Examination iscsi iscsi Date Diagnose iscsi Therapy iscsi Link iscsi to OID X Reference 2 Reference 3 Metadata Record OID iscsi W Employeee iscsi ID Job iscsi Level Salary iscsi Stock iscsi Options Department iscsi Link iscsi to OID X Data Reference 1 Link iscsi to OID X 35

36 Virtual View / Virtual File Systems... Metadata Record iscsi Virtual View Virtual FS Metadata Record iscsi Virtual View Virtual FS Metadata Record iscsi Virtual View Virtual FS 36

37 Virtual View / Virtual File Systems (cont'd) Virtual View A Virtual View B File names / inodes s / OIDs Traditional Flat Virtual 37

38 Decomposition OID Layout MDS OID:Layout OID:Layout OID:Layout OID:Layout OID:Layout OID:Layout OID:Layout OSD OSD OSD OSD Component Component Component Component Layout 38

39 Topics Block-Based Data Access File-Based Data Access -Based Data Access -Based Storage Devices (OSD) Storage Systems Storage Server (OSS) Content Addressable Storage (CAS) Content Aware Storage (CAS) Intelligent Storage Nodes (ISN) Check out SNIA Tutorial: -based Storage Devices 39

40 SCSI Standards Architecture Source: 40

41 ANSI T10 OSD SCSI Targets Host File iscsi System iscsi IDs Host File iscsi System iscsi IDs SAS, FCP, iscsi, SRP, iser, SCSI... Disk Array OSD SCSI Controller OSD SCSI Controller 41

42 Topics Block-Based Data Access File-Based Data Access -Based Data Access -Based Storage Devices (OSD) Storage Systems Storage Server (OSS) Content Addressable Storage (CAS) Content Aware Storage (CAS) Intelligent Storage Nodes (ISN) 42

43 Storage Server - OSS Host File iscsi System iscsi IDs Interface File System OS (BSD, Solaris, Linux, Windows..) Block Back-End Device Driver OSS could be a migration path to provide object technologies to legacy block devices 43

44 Topics Block-Based Data Access File-Based Data Access -Based Data Access -Based Storage Devices (OSD) Storage Systems Storage Server (OSS) Content Addressable Storage (CAS) Content Aware Storage (CAS) Intelligent Storage Nodes (ISN) 44

45 Content Addressable Storage - CAS OIDs are hash values derived from the objects' content Used as digital archive systems for long term fixed content data ECM applications used as data injection machines Proprietary API, XAM, WebDAV, NFS, FTP, CIFS... Database File system OS (BSD, Solaris, Linux...) 45

46 RAIN Redundant Array of Inexpensive/Independent Nodes CAS Database File system OS (BSD, Solaris, Linux...) CAS Database File system OS (BSD, Solaris, Linux...) CAS Database File system OS (BSD, Solaris, Linux...) CAS Database File system OS (BSD, Solaris, Linux...) CAS Database File system OS (BSD, Solaris, Linux...) CAS Database File system OS (BSD, Solaris, Linux...) CAS Database File system OS (BSD, Solaris, Linux...) CAS Database File system OS (BSD, Solaris, Linux...) CAS Database File system OS (BSD, Solaris, Linux...) Single Data Image 46

47 Data Placement Improved Resilience 1 Node Node Node Node 2 Node Node Node Node 3 Node Node Node Node Node Node Node Node = Data = Parity 47

48 RAIN Redundant Array of Inexpensive/Independent Nodes CAS Database File system OS (BSD, Solaris, Linux...) CAS Database File system OS (BSD, Solaris, Linux...) CAS Database File system OS (BSD, Solaris, Linux...) CAS Database File system OS (BSD, Solaris, Linux...) CAS Database File system OS (BSD, Solaris, Linux...) CAS Database File system OS (BSD, Solaris, Linux...) CAS Database File system OS (BSD, Solaris, Linux...) CAS Database File system OS (BSD, Solaris, Linux...) CAS Database File system OS (BSD, Solaris, Linux...) Single Data Image 48

49 Storage Market Segmentation Dynamic Data Fixed Data Structured Unstructured 49

50 Storage Market Segmentation Dynamic Data Fixed Data Structured Unstructured Media production, ecad, mcad, Office docs Transactional systems, ERP, CRM Media-archive, DAM, Broadcast, medical imaging, Media-Internet BI, data warehousing, scientific, transaction archive 50

51 Storage Market Segmentation Dynamic Data Fixed Data Structured Unstructured Media production, ecad, mcad, Office docs Transactional systems, ERP, CRM Storage Systems Media-archive, DAM, Broadcast, medical imaging, Media-Internet BI, data warehousing, scientific, transaction archive 51

52 The New Challenges I/O Performance Availability Reliability Easiness to store, organize, retrieve and dispose Complex data operations New! aggregate, join, view, sort, convert, encrypt... New! Enhanced search operations Flexibility to present data New! New! Customized storage behavior New! Reduced administration costs New! New! 52

53 Topics Block-Based Data Access File-Based Data Access -Based Data Access -Based Storage Devices (OSD) Storage Systems Storage Server (OSS) Content Addressable Storage (CAS) Content Aware Storage (CAS) Intelligent Storage Nodes (ISN) 53

54 CAS: Content Addressable Storage ID Enterprise Content Management Injection Engine 54

55 CAS: Content Aware Storage ID Extensible Metadata MD/Content Search Trigger Applications Enterprise Content Management Injection Engine 55

56 Content Aware Storage Flexibility User-developed trigger apps Asynchronous Procedure A Asynchronous Procedure B Data OID Store Input Procedure 1. Input Procedure 2 Input Procedure x Asynchronous Procedure C Asynchronous Procedure D Asynchronous Procedure A Asynchronous Procedure B OID Retrieve. Data Output Procedure x Output Procedure 2 Output Procedure 1 Asynchronous Procedure C Asynchronous Procedure D Synchronous: modify the behavior of store/retrieve/query/delete e.g. transcode, downsample, filter, watermark, extract metadata from file, headers, encrypt, audit log... Asynchronous: process data at rest e.g. capacity optimization, scrubbing, migration, sanity check... 56

57 Topics Block-Based Data Access File-Based Data Access -Based Data Access -Based Storage Devices (OSD) Storage Systems Storage Server (OSS) Content Addressable Storage (CAS) Content Aware Storage (CAS) Intelligent Storage Nodes (ISN) 57

58 The Evolution of Data Processing Content Management Knowledge/ Information Management Storage Management configuration, topology, RAID... Data Management data services: volume mgmt mirror, replication snapshot, backup, DR... ILM, QoS, SLA, content/full text search, content aware processing... semantics, heuristic, learning, problem-solving... 58

59 The Active Digital Archive Archival Process Flow View Data Creation Classification/ Triage Access Control/ Data Encoding / Signature gen Pool / Tiered Migration Compression / Encryption DeDup Data Expiration... Secure Deletion Note: Some steps can be done more than once Not all steps are needed Some steps can not be done out of order 59

60 Migration of Storage Applications Process the data where it lives... No I/O is best I/O... Data services: Snapshots, Replication Business Continuity Security Encryption QoS Optimization Provisioning Personalities etc. Server Network Storage 60

61 The Evolution of Data Storage: Application Application Application Application Application Data Services Data Services Data Services Data Services Meta Data Meta Data RAID API Meta Data API Meta Data Data Services Meta Data RAID RAID RAID RAID Storage Storage Storage Storage Storage DAS SAN NAS OSD ISD 61

62 The Intelligent Storage Node Presentation Layer (Storage Personality) Block I/F File I/F I/F SCSI, FCP, iscsi, SAS, SRP, SATA, VTL... FTP, NFS, CIFS, WebDAV, HTTP... API, ANSI T10 OSD, CAS, XAM... Storage Application Layer ( Data Services) Compliance Data Management Scheduled Services Services Backup, Classification, Data Mining, Application Acceleration, Aggregation, Virtualization, Sort, Views, Search, Indexing, Data Movers, Distributed Namespace... WORM, Audit, Retention, Secure Deletion... Operating System Files systems, HSM, Device Drivers, Clustering, Security... De-Duplication, Hash Generation, Verification, Snapshot, Replication... External Services LDAP NIS Active Directory NTP MDS Global Namespace others Persistent Storage Disk, Tap, Library... 62

63 The Vertical Consolidation Storage and server Migration of data processing applications No I/O is best I/O Server Server Server Server Storver Storage Storage Storage Storage 63

64 Further Reference

65 Q&A / Feedback Please send any questions or comments on this presentation to SNIA: trackstorage@snia.org Many thanks to the following individuals for their contributions to this tutorial. SNIA Education Committee Christian Bandulet, Sun Microsystems 65

66 Appendix 66

67 Logical Blocks & Physical Blocks Let's have a closer look... SCSI, SAS, FCP, SRP, iscsi, ATA, SATA Client Interface Logical Blocks Mapping Physical Blocks

68 The SNIA Shared Storage Model Application Storage domain Database (dbms) File/record layer Host Network Block aggregation Storage devices (disks, ) Block layer File system (FS) Device Services 68

69 Disk Drive Anatomy Tracks (cylinders) Platter Coil Interface: SCSI, SAS, FCP, SRP iscsi, ATA/SATA Sector Average Disk Metrics: Capacity (36/72/146/300/400/500 GB...) Rotation Speed(7200/10,000 /15,000 RPM) Seek time (3 to 9 msec) Sustained internal data transfer rate (60 to 130 MB/s) IOPS ( ) Cache (1MB-16MB) Actuator Arm w/ Read/Write Head(s) 69

70 Disk Technology Improvements ~1956 first spinning hard drive (IBM RAMAC) 1956: 5 MB 2000 bits/in : 750 GB ~ 200 Gb/in x areal density x capacity Improvement in 50 years! 70

71 Magnetic Disk Recording Longitudinal Recording Technology is ~50 years old! First introduced with IBM RAMAC 5MB in 1956 areal density increases 100%/year since early 1990s Disk areal density progress slowed down in 2003 as recording challenges appeared Source: Blocks, Sectors, Tracks 71

72 Magnetic Disk Recording Perpendicular/Vertical Recording Expected to delay Superparamagnetic Effect, not eliminate it... Source: 72

73 Global, Distributed & Parallel FS With Storage Server (OSS) Application Server Application Server Application Server Application Server Application Server Application Server Ethernet, IB, Myrinet, Quadrics... IP MDS Storage Server Storage Server Storage Server SAN Storage Device Storage Device Storage Device Single Data Image 73

74 Scalable NAS NAS Cluster NAS Grid NFS Client NFS Client NFS Client NFS Client NFS Client NFS Client NFS Client NFS Client VIP VIP MDS NAS Appliance NAS Appliance NAS Appliance NAS Appliance NAS Appliance NAS Appliance Data Data Data Data Data Data Single Data Image Single Data Image Scalable NAS (shared everything & cache coherency via distributed lock manager) Scalable NAS (shared nothing & cache coherency via distributed lock manager) 74

75 Files Sharing with OSDs User Kernel Application Application Application Application VFS VFS VFS VFS osdfs osdfs osdfs osdfs OSD Initiator OSD Initiator OSD Initiator OSD Initiator so so so so SCSI driver SCSI driver SCSI driver SCSI driveriscsi iscsi iscsi iscsi TPC/IP TPC/IP TPC/IP TPC/IP 5 1 NIS, Kerberos, LDAP... 2 User Kernel 3 1. request OID layout from MDS 2. request credential from security mgr 3. authentication 4. request capabilities from policy mgr 5. return credential 6. send SCSI CDB Authentication (optional) MDS MDS Security Security Manager Manager Policy Policy Manager Manager TPC/IP TPC/IP 4 RAID OSD OSD OSD OSD OSD D OSD D OSD D Target OSD D Target OSD Target OSD Target OSD Target iscsi iscsi iscsi iscsi iscsi TPC/IP TPC/IP TPC/IP TPC/IP TPC/IP 6 Ethernet 75

76 Content Addressable/Aware Storage - CAS OIDs are hash values derived from the object's content ive: Store large amounts of data reliably for long periods of time with fast access time to retrieve data Target applications: Homeland security, Satellite imagery, Digital asset management, Medical imaging, Digital photo services, Seismic data archival, Regulatory compliance, Media preservation Not used for: Online Transaction Processing (OLTP), Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), Live database, Small scale file sharing 76

77 The Digital Archive Problem How do you store and organize 100 million things?? Issues of: Scale Performance capacity/workload balancing automatic capacity expansion Organize data manage metadata Search Reliability/Availability data rebuild and/or failover Cost (OPEX/CAPEX/TCO) Technology refresh 77

78 Content Aware Storage Attribute Awareness attributes are stored directly with data object by the application Attributes are carried automatically between layers and across devices When objects pass through a certain system layer or device, that layer can act on the values in the attributes that it understands All other attributes are passed along unmodified and not acted upon e.g. s marked as high-reliability can be treated differently than objects marked as temporary Attributes should be dynamically changeable Layer 3 Attributes Layer 0 Attributes Layer 1 Attributes Layer 2 Attributes Layer 3 Layer 2 Attributes Layer 0 Attributes Layer 1 Attributes Layer 2 Attributes Layer 3 Attributes Layer 0 Layer 1 Attributes Layer 1 Attributes Layer 2 Attributes Layer 3 Attributes Layer 0 Layer 0 Attributes Layer 1 Attributes Layer 2 Attributes Layer 3 78

79 Content Aware Storage Discovery Searchable metadata Name-value based OID Metadata user derived attributes Content full text search Data OID Metadata Attributes 79

80 The Model Attribute 1 Attribute 2 OID Sub-Component 1 Sub-Component 2 Attribute 3 Attribute 4 Descriptor Sub-Component 3 Sub-Component 4 Attribute 5 Sub-Component 5 Attribute n many:1 1:many Sub-Component N 80

81 NASD Network Attached Secure Device Application Server Application Server Application Server Application Server Application Server Application Server NASD NAS Appliance NAS Appliance Data bring the whole functionality of a NAS device down to a SCSI devices Started with CMU/NSIC NASD research (DARPA project) (NSIC = National Storage Industry Consortium now INSIC Information Storage Industry Consortium) 1999 moves to SNIA T10 OBSD TWG 2003 SNIA issued OSD protocol to ANSI 9/2004 ANSI T10 OSD committee ratified OSD standard (ANSI/INCITS ) Standard aka OSD T D published as INCITS SNIA TWG already working on OSD V2 features T D Snapshots, import/export, multi-object capabilities and extended attributes 81

82 The World of Standards Internet Society Internet Engineering Task Force ( Check out SNIA Tutorial: Storage Networking Standards American National Standards Institute (ANSI) IEEE IP-Based Storage Work Group International Committee for Information Technology (INCITS**) Etherne t FCIP, ifcp, mfcp, iscsi,isns SNMP and MIBs T1 Sonet Note*SRP: SCSI RDMA Protocol Note**OSD: -based Storage Devices Note*** INCITS formerly National Committee for Information Technology Standards (NCITS) T3 ATA, ATAPI T10 SCSI, SAS, SSA, ALU OSD**, SRP* T11 FC, HIPPI, IPI, FICON T13 S-ATA 82

83 Archiving vs Protection Data Protection is about Data Recovery e.g. RAID, snapshot, replication, backup... Data Archiving is about Data Discovery Archiving requires data protection e.g. index, search, aggregate Archiving: allow near instantaneous retrieval of images, and do it at tape-like prices 83

84 Growing Storage Computation Database acceleration via off-loading health check, multi-level security, db reorganization, image copies, HSM, data mining... Business Continuity, Backup, Recovery, D2D2T, CDP... Data Reduction Classification, essential vs non essential, single instance, compression... Security Authentication, authorization, encryption Data Transformation Multiple Data Views workflow Real-time Data Analytics indexing, search, sort, aggregation Business Management Data Life Cycle, migration, compliance 84

85 Q&A / Feedback Please send any questions or comments on this presentation to SNIA: trackstorage@snia.org Many thanks to the following individuals for their contributions to this tutorial. SNIA Education Committee Christian Bandulet, Sun Microsystems 85