RMAN Recipes for Oracle Database 11g

Transcription

1 RMAN Recipes for Oracle Database 11g A Problem-Solution Approach Darl Kuhn, Sam Alapati, and Arup Nanda

2 RMAN Recipes for Oracle Database 11g: A Problem-Solution Approach Copyright 2007 by Darl Kuhn, Sam Alapati, Arup Nanda All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner and the publisher. ISBN-13 (pbk): ISBN-10 (pbk): Printed and bound in the United States of America Trademarked names may appear in this book. Rather than use a trademark symbol with every occurrence of a trademarked name, we use the names only in an editorial fashion and to the benefit of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark. Lead Editor: Jonathan Gennick Technical Reviewer: Bernard Lopuz Editorial Board: Steve Anglin, Ewan Buckingham, Gary Cornell, Jonathan Gennick, Jason Gilmore, Jonathan Hassell, Chris Mills, Matthew Moodie, Jeffrey Pepper, Ben Renow-Clarke, Dominic Shakeshaft, Matt Wade, Tom Welsh Project Manager: Richard Dal Porto Copy Edit Manager: Nicole Flores Copy Editor: Kim Wimpsett Assistant Production Director: Kari Brooks-Copony Production Editor: Lori Bring Compositor: Diana Van Winkle, Van Winkle Design Group Proofreader: Dan Shaw Indexer: Broccoli Information Management Artist: Diana Van Winkle, Van Winkle Design Group Cover Designer: Kurt Krames Manufacturing Director: Tom Debolski Distributed to the book trade worldwide by Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., 233 Spring Street, 6th Floor, New York, NY Phone SPRINGER, fax , orders-ny@springer-sbm.com, or visit For information on translations, please contact Apress directly at 2855 Telegraph Avenue, Suite 600, Berkeley, CA Phone , fax , info@apress.com, or visit The information in this book is distributed on an as is basis, without warranty. Although every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this work, neither the author(s) nor Apress shall have any liability to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damage caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly by the information contained in this work. The source code for this book is available to readers at in the Source Code/ Download section. You will need to answer questions pertaining to this book in order to successfully download the code.

3 To Heidi, Lisa, and Brandi. Darl Kuhn To my wife Valerie; for her enormous support and sacrifice. Sam Alapati To Anu and Anish. Arup Nanda

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5 Contents at a Glance Foreword xvii About the Authors xxi About the Technical Reviewer xxiii Acknowledgments xxv Introduction xxix CHAPTER 1 Backup and Recovery CHAPTER 2 Jump-Starting RMAN CHAPTER 3 Using the Flash Recovery Area CHAPTER 4 Using RMAN CHAPTER 5 Configuring the RMAN Environment CHAPTER 6 Using the Recovery Catalog CHAPTER 7 Making Backups with RMAN CHAPTER 8 Maintaining RMAN Backups and the Repository CHAPTER 9 Scripting RMAN CHAPTER 10 Restoring the Control File CHAPTER 11 Performing Complete Recovery CHAPTER 12 Performing Incomplete Recovery CHAPTER 13 Performing Flashback Recovery CHAPTER 14 Handling Online Redo Log Failures CHAPTER 15 Duplicating Databases and Transporting Data CHAPTER 16 Tuning RMAN CHAPTER 17 Troubleshooting RMAN CHAPTER 18 Using a Media Management Layer CHAPTER 19 Performing Backup and Recovery with Enterprise Manager CHAPTER 20 Using the Data Recovery Advisor CHAPTER 21 Using RMAN on Windows INDEX v

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7 Contents Foreword xvii About the Authors xxi About the Technical Reviewer xxiii Acknowledgments xxv Introduction xxix CHAPTER 1 Backup and Recovery Types of Database Failures Oracle Backup and Recovery Concepts Backup Types Recovery Types RMAN Architecture Backup and Recovery Best Practices CHAPTER 2 Jump-Starting RMAN Connecting to Your Database Starting and Stopping Your Database Toggling Archivelog Mode Connecting to RMAN Backing Up Your Database Simulating a Failure Restoring and Recovering Your Database CHAPTER 3 Using the Flash Recovery Area Creating the Flash Recovery Area Writing Regular RMAN Backups to the FRA Freeing FRA Space in an Emergency Checking Space Usage in the FRA Expanding or Shrinking the FRA Configuring Archived Redo Logs to Go to FRA Using the Same FRA for Two Databases with the Same Name Placing a Control File in the FRA Placing Online Redo Log Files in FRA Sending Image Copies to the FRA Deleting Backup Sets from the FRA vii

8 viii CONTENTS Deleting Archived Redo Logs from the FRA Reinstating a Damaged Datafile from an Image Copy Switching Back from an Image Copy Backing Up the FRA to Tape Sizing the Flash Recovery Area CHAPTER 4 Using RMAN Starting the RMAN Client Issuing RMAN Commands Saving RMAN Output to a Text File Logging Command-Line RMAN Output Connecting to a Target Database from the RMAN Prompt Connecting to a Target Database from the Operating System Command Line Executing Operating System Commands from Within RMAN Scripting RMAN Executing RMAN Command Files Creating Dynamic Command Files Connecting to an Auxiliary Database Executing Multiple RMAN Commands As a Single Unit Issuing SQL Statements from the RMAN Client Starting and Shutting Down a Database with RMAN Checking the Syntax of RMAN Commands Hiding Passwords When Connecting to RMAN Identifying RMAN Server Sessions Dropping a Database using the RMAN Client CHAPTER 5 Configuring the RMAN Environment Showing RMAN Configuration Settings Configuring RMAN Restoring Default Parameter Settings Enabling and Disabling Automatic Control File Backups Specifying the Autobackup Control File Directory and Filename Specifying the Snapshot Control Filename and Location Specifying the Retention Period for RMAN History Configuring the Default Device Type Configuring the Default Backup Type Making Compressed Backup Sets the Default Configuring Multiple Backup Copies Skipping Previously Backed Up Files Specifying Backup Piece Filenames Generating Filenames for Image Copies

9 CONTENTS ix Tagging RMAN Backups Configuring Automatic Channels Manually Allocating RMAN Channels Allocating an RMAN Maintenance Channel Creating a Backup Retention Policy Configuring an Archived Redo Log Deletion Policy Limiting the Size of Individual Backup Pieces Configuring the Maximum Size of Backup Sets CHAPTER 6 Using the Recovery Catalog Creating the Recovery Catalog Granting Restricted Access Connecting to the Catalog from the Command Line Connecting to the Catalog from the RMAN Prompt Registering Target Databases Unregistering a Database Cataloging Older Files Updating the Recovery Catalog Dropping the Recovery Catalog Merging Recovery Catalogs Moving the Recovery Catalog to Another Database Creating a High-Availability Recovery Catalog Viewing Backup Information Uncataloging RMAN Records Using a Release 11.x Client with Older Catalogs CHAPTER 7 Making Backups with RMAN Backup Sets and Image Copies RMAN Backup Modes Types of Files That RMAN Can Back Up RMAN Backup Destinations Specifying Backup Options Backing Up the Control File Backing Up the Server Parameter File Backing Up Datafiles Backing Up Tablespaces Making a Whole-Database Backup Backing Up Archived Redo Logs Backing Up Everything Backing Up Flash Recovery Files Performing Incremental Backups Reducing Incremental Backup Time

10 x CONTENTS Creating Multiple Backup Sets Making Copies of Backup Sets Making Copies of Image Copy Backups Making Tape Copies of Disk-Based Image Copies Excluding a Tablespace from a Backup Skipping Read-Only, Offline, or Inaccessible Files Encrypting RMAN Backups Making a Compressed Backup Parallelizing Backups Making Faster Backups of Large Files Specifying Backup Windows Reusing RMAN Backup Files Retaining Backups for a Long Time Backing Up Only Those Files Previously Not Backed Up Restarting Backups After a Crash Updating Image Copies CHAPTER 8 Maintaining RMAN Backups and the Repository Adding User-Made Backups to the Repository Finding Datafiles and Archivelogs That Need a Backup Finding Datafiles Affected by Unrecoverable Operations Identifying Obsolete Backups Displaying Information About Database Files Listing RMAN Backups Listing Expired Backups Listing Only Recoverable Backups and Copies Listing Restore Points Listing Database Incarnations Updating the RMAN Repository After Manually Deleting Backups Synchronizing the Repository with the Actual Backups Deleting Backups Deleting Archived Redo Logs Deleting Obsolete RMAN Backups Changing the Status of an RMAN Backup Record Changing the Status of Archival Backups Testing the Integrity of an RMAN Backup Validating Datafiles, Backup Sets, and Data Blocks CHAPTER 9 Scripting RMAN Approaches to Scripting Developing a Unix Shell Script for RMAN Scheduling a Unix Shell File

11 CONTENTS xi 9-3. Developing a Windows Batch File to Run RMAN Scheduling a Script in Windows via the GUI Changing the Schedule of a Batch Job in the Task Scheduler Scheduling in Windows from the Command Line Creating Local-Stored Scripts Creating a Global-Stored Script Updating Stored Scripts Commenting on Stored Scripts Displaying Stored Scripts Listing Stored Scripts Dropping Stored Scripts Executing a Global Script When a Local Script of the Same Name Exists Converting Stored Scripts to Files Creating or Replacing a Stored Script from a File Passing Parameters to Stored Scripts Creating a Parameterized Command File Script CHAPTER 10 Restoring the Control File Restoring Control File Using Flash Recovery Area Restoring Control File Using Recovery Catalog Determining the Database Identifier Restoring Control File with No Flash Recovery Area or Recovery Catalog Restoring Control File to Nondefault Location Restoring Lost Copy of Multiplexed Control File Re-creating the Control File CHAPTER 11 Performing Complete Recovery Background If You re Still Awake Determining How to Restore and Recover Previewing Backups Needed for Restore Verifying Integrity of Backups Testing Media Recovery Performing Database-Level Recovery Performing Tablespace-Level Recovery Performing Datafile-Level Recovery Restoring Datafiles to Nondefault Locations Performing Block-Level Recovery Recovering Read-Only Tablespaces Restoring Temporary Tablespaces

12 xii CONTENTS Forcing RMAN to Restore a File Restoring from an Older Backup Recovering Through Resetlogs Restoring the Spfile Restoring Archived Redo Log Files Recovering Datafiles Not Backed Up Deleting Archived Redo Log Files During Recovery Restoring from Uncataloged Backup Pieces in Oracle Database 10g and Newer Restoring from Uncataloged Backup Pieces in Oracle9i Database and Older CHAPTER 12 Performing Incomplete Recovery Background Determining Type of Incomplete Recovery Performing Time-Based Recovery Performing Log Sequence Based Recovery Performing Cancel-Based Recovery Using LogMiner to Find an SCN Performing Change/SCN-Based Recovery Recovering to a Restore Point Restoring a Noarchivelog Mode Database Recovering to a Previous Incarnation Performing Tablespace Point-in-Time Recovery Recovering a Subset of Datafiles Troubleshooting Incomplete Recovery CHAPTER 13 Performing Flashback Recovery Introducing Flashback Checking the Flashback Status of a Database Enabling Flashback on a Database Disabling Flashback on a Database Flashing Back a Database from RMAN Flashing Back a Database from SQL Finding Out How Far Back into the Past You Can Flash Back Estimating the Amount of Flashback Logs Generated at Various Times Estimating the Space Occupied by Flashback Logs in the Flash Recovery Area Creating Normal Restore Points Creating Guaranteed Restore Points Listing Restore Points

13 CONTENTS xiii Dropping Restore Points Recovering a Dropped Table Undropping a Table When Another Exists with the Same Name Undropping a Specific Table from Two Dropped Tables with the Same Name Checking the Contents of the Recycle Bin Restoring Dependent Objects of an Undropped Table Turning Off the Recycle Bin Clearing the Recycle Bin Querying the History of a Table Row (Flashback Query) Flashing Back a Specific Table CHAPTER 14 Handling Online Redo Log Failures How Redo Logs Work Determining How to Restore Restoring After Losing One Member of the Multiplexed Group Recovering After Loss of All Members of the INACTIVE Redo Log Group Recovering After Loss of All Members of the ACTIVE Redo Log Group Recovering After Loss of All Members of the CURRENT Redo Log Group CHAPTER 15 Duplicating Databases and Transporting Data Renaming Files in a Duplicate Database Creating a Duplicate Database on the Same Host Duplicating a Database Without Any RMAN Backups Creating a Duplicate Database on a Remote Host with the Same File Structure Duplicating a Database with Several Directories Creating a Standby Database on a New Host Duplicating a Database to a Past Point in Time Skipping Tablespaces During Database Duplication Duplicating a Database with a Specific Backup Tag Resynchronizing a Duplicate Database Transporting Tablespaces on the Same OS Platform Transporting Tablespaces Across Different Operating System Platforms Transporting an Entire Database to a Different Platform Transporting a Database by Converting Datafiles on the Target Platform

14 xiv CONTENTS CHAPTER 16 Tuning RMAN Identifying RMAN Processes Measuring Backup Performance Monitoring RMAN Job Progress Identifying I/O Bottlenecks Improving Tape I/O Performance Maximizing Throughput to Backup Device Setting Large Pool Memory Size Tuning Media Recovery Tuning Crash Recovery Slowing RMAN Down Improving Performance Through Parallelism Improving Performance Using Incremental Features CHAPTER 17 Troubleshooting RMAN Determining Where to Start Resolving Connection Permission Issues Handling Disk Space Issues Dealing with the RMAN Error Terminating RMAN Processes Diagnosing NLS Character Set Issues Logging RMAN Output Viewing RMAN Command History Enabling RMAN s Debug Output Enabling Granular Time Reporting Working with Oracle Support Resolving RMAN Compatibility Issues Dealing with an ORA Error Dealing with an ORA Error Dealing with an ORA Error Managing Files in an ASM Environment CHAPTER 18 Using a Media Management Layer Using Oracle Secure Backup Configuring RMAN Access to the Oracle Secure Backup sbt Library Managing Authorized OSB Accounts Creating OSB Media Families for RMAN Backups Creating an OSB Database Backup Storage Selector Configuring OSB Parameters in RMAN Backing Up Using Oracle Secure Backup Restoring Using Oracle Secure Backup

15 CONTENTS xv Accessing RMAN Backup Data in Oracle Secure Backup Using Veritas NetBackup Installing the NetBackup Agent for Oracle Maintaining Policies for the RMAN Backups Scheduling NetBackup RMAN Jobs Defining Client Databases in NetBackup Checking for NetBackup Files on Tape Configuring NetBackup Parameters in RMAN Backing Up Using NetBackup Restoring Using NetBackup Using EMC NetWorker Configuring EMC NetWorker Installing EMC NetWorker Module for Oracle Backing Up Using the EMC NetWorker Module for Oracle Restoring Using the EMC NetWorker Module for Oracle Uninstalling the EMC NetWorker Module for Oracle Verifying the MML Installation CHAPTER 19 Performing Backup and Recovery with Enterprise Manager Getting Started with RMAN and Enterprise Manager Setting Up a Credentialed OS User Creating a Backup Restoring and Recovering Viewing Backup Reports Performing Routine RMAN Maintenance Tasks Configuring a Recovery Catalog Configuring Instance Recovery Configuring the Flash Recovery Area Configuring Restore Points Running Custom RMAN Scripts Configuring Backup Settings Configuring Backup Policies CHAPTER 20 Using the Data Recovery Advisor Listing Failures Getting Advice Repairing Failures Using the Data Recovery Advisor Through Enterprise Manager Changing Failure Status

16 xvi CONTENTS CHAPTER 21 Using RMAN on Windows Oracle on Windows Oracle Architecture on Windows Services Threads, Not Processes Oracle Home and SID Oracle Groups Location of Oracle Binaries Managing Oracle Through the Management Console Killing the Threads Copying Files RMAN Recipes for Windows Connecting As sysdba Using OS Authentication Simulating a Failure Creating a Flash Recovery Area Placing Datafiles, Control Files, and Online and Archived Redo Log Files in the FRA Switching Back from Image Copies Using the Flash Recovery Area Developing a Windows Batch File Scheduling Windows Jobs Transporting Tablespaces to/from Windows Transporting an Entire Database to/from Windows INDEX