Relational Database Design, Usage, and Implementation using Oracle

Transcription

1 Relational Database Design, Usage, and Implementation using Oracle Compiled and Presented by Thomas P. Sturm, Ph.D. Graduate Programs in Software Technical Seminar The University of St. Thomas St. Paul, Minnesota

2 Copyright 1971 to 2002 Thomas P. Sturm All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, or translated into any language, without prior written permission of the author. Microsoft, Microsoft File, and MS-DOS are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation IBM, IBM-DOS, AS400, System R, SQL/DS, VM/CMS, DOS/VSE, DB2, MVS, MVS/370, MVS/XA, and QMF are registered trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation pfs, pfs:file, and pfs:first Choice are registered trademarks of Software Publishing Corporation IDMS is a registered trademark of Cullinet Corporation Ingres, Vifred, Vigraph, OSL, and ABF are registered trademarks of ASK, Inc. LISA is a registered trademark of Control Data Corporation Oracle and SQL+ are registered trademarks of Oracle Corporation MIDAS is a registered trademark of Pr1me Computer Corporation Turbo C, Turbo C++, Borland C++, and Sidekick are registered trademarks of Borland International, Inc. UNIX is a registered trademark of American Telephone and Telegraph Company VAX, DEC, RdB, DBMS, VMS, and VAX C are registered trademarks of Digital Equipment Corporation WordStar is a registered trademark of WordStar Corporation DB Master, PC-File, System 2000, Focus, IMS, MDBS III, dbvista III are registered trademarks Copyright Thomas P. Sturm Relational Database Design, Usage, and Implementation 2

3 Relational Database Design, Usage, and Implementation using Oracle The goal of this seminar is to develop sound principles for determining the value of information, what data should he stored, how it should he organized, retrieved and managed to provide a manageably sized, responsive, user-friendly, accurate, information-producing relational database. Objectives: By the end of the course, qualified and diligent participants should know: The concepts of data and information and how data produces information The identification procedure for entities and the procedure for determining their interrelationships The relational database model and how it differs from other database models How to construct logical data structures for modeling data How to construct a relational database starting from a logical data structure How to construct a relational database starting from an existing collection of data or existing tables. The advantages and proper use of relational models How to write simple queries in SQL to create, update, and retrieve data in a relational database How to present users with an appropriate view of the data The criteria for determining to what extent commercial database management systems are truly relational. How to tune a relational system for efficiency During the seminar, participants will be given opportunity to: Identify attributes, entities, values, and relationships Use relational operators on a set of tables to produce information Normalize an existing set of data into a set of well-formed relations Construct a logical data structure Map a logical data structure into a set of well-formed relations Write SQL statements to query and update a database Copyright Thomas P. Sturm Relational Database Design, Usage, and Implementation 3

4 Relational Database Design, Usage, and Implementation using Oracle Course Schedule Day 1 - ANALYSIS Data Concepts Introduction and justification Concepts of data, information and database The need for information-producing systems Data base design goals Definition of entity, attribute, value, and relationship Lab l - Entity identification Database Concepts Case Study 1 Database advantages and need for a database approach Data independence Data Models Major non-relational database models (flat file, indexed sequential, hierarchical, network) Lab 2 - Structure identification Relational Database Model: Conceptual structure Definition of a relation Relational operators Understanding relational terminology Elimination of redundancy. Lab 3 - Relational operators Copyright Thomas P. Sturm Relational Database Design, Usage, and Implementation 4

5 Day 2: DESIGN Relational Design Concepts: Principles of logical database design Modeling using Normalization: Various normal forms (zeroth, first through fifth, projection-join) Identification of keys and relationships Normalizing existing forms and databases Case study 2 Lab 4 - Normalizing an order form Modeling using Logical Data Structures LDS components Relating entities, attributes, and relationships Handling 1-1, 1-many, and many-many relationships Modeling choices Constraint modeling and enforcement Mapping logical data structures to well-formed relations Lab 5 LDS construction Lab 6 mapping LDS to a relational database Copyright Thomas P. Sturm Relational Database Design, Usage, and Implementation 5

6 Day 3 - CONSTRUCTION SQL: ANSI standard query language Table creation, update, and query operations Table query for listing and summaries Performing table joins Creating end-user views. Lab 7-writing SQL statements Relational Database Criteria: Measuring the ability to perform relational operations. Conformance to established relational database criteria. Levels of relational conformance Codd's 12 rules Oracle: Data definition Back-end Communications SQL*Plus and PL/SQL Oracle Forms and Reports Embedded queries Copyright Thomas P. Sturm Relational Database Design, Usage, and Implementation 6

7 Day 4 - IMPLEMENTATION Implementation: Query optimization Creating effective user views Index creation Designing read-only databases Case study 3 Fourth Generation Languages: Application generation Developer 2000 Report generation Data entry and screen painting Copyright Thomas P. Sturm Relational Database Design, Usage, and Implementation 7

8 Course Goals Understand how data produces information Identify entities and their interrelationships Understand the relational model and how it differs from other models Construct a logical data structure for modeling data Re-form an existing collection of data into relational form Understand the advantages and proper use of relational models Write simple queries in SQL Present users with an appropriate view of the data Know the criteria for determining if a commercial product is truly relational Understand efficiency issues Learn some details of the Oracle database management system Copyright Thomas P. Sturm Relational Database Design, Usage, and Implementation 8

9 Participant Introductions 1. Name 2. Company and Department 3. Data base systems used (or planned to be used) 4. Data base projects you are working with (or plan to be working with) Copyright Thomas P. Sturm Relational Database Design, Usage, and Implementation 9

10 Table of Contents 1. Data Concepts 2. Database Concepts 3. Data Models 4. Relational Model 5. Relational Design Concepts 6. Normalization 7. Logical Data Structures 8. SQL 9. Criteria for Relational Databases 10. Oracle 11. Implementation 12. Fourth Generation Languages 13. Exercises 14. References Copyright Thomas P. Sturm Relational Database Design, Usage, and Implementation 10