Metadata&Evaluation&and&Improvement& Ted&Habermann,&The&HDF&Group& & & Introduction*

Transcription

1 Metadata&Evaluation&and&Improvement& Ted&Habermann,&The&HDF&Group& & Introduction...1 Terminology...2 MetadataDialects...2 Spirals...2 Rubrics...2 Wiki...3 DocumentationEvaluationandImprovement...3 AttributeConventionforDataDiscoveryImplementation...5 ISO19Implementation...5 CatalogServicesfortheWeb(CSW)Implementation...6 MetadataCollections...6 Conclusion...7 Acknowledgements...7 References...7 & Introduction Thelastseveraldecadeshaveseenanextraordinaryincreaseinthenumberandbreadth ofenvironmentaldataavailabletothescientificcommunityandthegeneralpublic.these increases,andtheemergenceoftheworldwidewebasauniversaldataaccessmechap nism,havefocusedtheenvironmentaldatacommunityoncreatingmetadatafordiscoverp ingdataandonthecreationandpopulationofcatalogsandportalsforfacilitatingdiscovp ery.thisfocusisreflectedinthefieldsrequiredbycommonlyusedmetadatastandards andhasresultedincollectionspopulatedwithmetadatathatmeet,butdon tgofarbeyond, minimaldiscoveryrequirements. Discoveryisthefirststeptowardsaddressingscientificquestionsusingdata.Asmore andmoredataarediscoveredandaccessed,usersneedmetadatathatautomatesuseand integrationofthesedataintoolsandfacilitatesunderstandingthedataonceitiscompared tosimilardatasetsorasinternalvariationsareobserved. Whendatadiscoveryistheprimarygoal,itisimportanttocreaterecordsforasmany datasetsaspossible.thecontentoftheserecordsiscontrolledbyminimumrequirements andevaluationisgenerallylimitedtotestingforrequiredfieldsandcountingrecords.as theuseandunderstandingrequirementsbecomemoreimportant,morecomprehensive evaluationtoolsareneeded.thispaperoutlinesanapproachforevaluatingexisting metadatainthelightofthesenewrequirementsandforimprovingthemetadataifnecesp sary.

2 Terminology MetadataDialects AlldisciplinesarefacedwiththechallengesofdocumentingdataandstepsusedincolP lection,processing,andanalysis.differentdisciplinesandcommunitieshavedeveloped customapproachestoaddressingthesechallenges.theresultsoftheseeffortsarefrep quentlyreferredtoas metadatastandards.theubiquitous who,where,when,why,and how questionsmustbeansweredinanydiscipline,sothereissignificantoverlapbetween manyoftheconceptsincludedinthese standards.infact,the standards aremorelike dialectsofauniversaldocumentationlanguagethentheyarelikeseparatelanguages.the term metadata&dialect isintroducedhereasasubstitutefor metadatastandard asan indicationthatthetoolswedescribearefocusedonuniversaldocumentationconceptsrap therthanimplementationsinaparticulardialect. Spirals Datamanagersandproviderscanbeoverwhelmedasmetadatadialectsevolveandadd complexityinresponsetoincreaseduseandunderstandingrequirements.overcomingthis barrierrequiresdividingthemetadataimprovementprocessintoaseriesofsmallsteps thatcanbeexplainedandaccomplishedinaclearandorderlyprocess.thissituationis similartothoseencounteredinlargesoftwaredevelopmentprojects(spiralmodel)and, borrowingfromthatgenre;thesestepsaretermed spirals. Spiralsarecollectionsofconceptsneededtoaddressspecificusecasesorrequirements. Theyareindependentofmetadatadialectsorimplementations.Asanexample,considera usecasethatrequiresadescriptionofthespatialandtemporalextentofadataset.concepp tuallythisusecaserequiresminimaandmaximaforhorizontalandverticalcoordinates andfortime.theseconceptscouldbeimplementedaseightmetadataelements,alistof geographicortemporalkeywords,alistofnamedgeographicandtemporalfeatures,or somecombinationofthese.inallcases,theconceptsarethesame. MetadatarecordsareuniversallysharedinXMLbecauseitprovidesstructureandiseasP ilyprocessedusingavarietyofstandardtools.implementingaspiralforaparticular metadatadialectrequiresamappingbetweentheconceptsinthespiralsandthexmlimp plementationofthedialect.thismappingisdescribedusingthestandardmechanismfor describingxmlelements,xpath(xpath). Rubrics Themetadataimprovementprocessisplannedasprogressthroughaseriesofspirals. QuantitativelyandconsistentlydeterminingthestateofametadatarecordintheimP provementprocessisimportantforcharacterizingthetasktobedoneandformeasuring progresstowardsimprovementgoals.onceasetofspiralsandxpathsforaparticulardiap lectaredefined,thestateofametadatarecordcanbecharacterizedbycountingthenump beroffieldsthatexistforeachspiralandshowingtheresultsusingrubrics,atoolborrowed fromtheeducationalcommunity(rubric).therubricprovidesavisualdescriptionofthe stateofarecordbyarrangingthespiralsasrowsinatablewithdegreeofcompleteness shownascolumns.astherecordbecomesmorecomplete,therubricscoreincreases.

3 Wiki Facilitatingmetadataimprovementwiththesetoolsrequiresonemorecomponent:a wikithatcapturesandsharescommunityexperience,examples,andlessonslearned.the wikiprovidesanonline userguide fordataprovidersandmetadatamanagersthatare workingtoimprovetheirmetadata.linksbetweentherubricandappropriatewikipages offerguidancethatisrelevanttothetaskathand,i.e.improvingthescoreforaparticular spiral. Twogeneralapproachescanbeusedtoorganizethecontentsofthewiki.ThematicpagP es(e.g.isoidentifiers)canprovideinformationaboutdocumentingaparticularkindofdap taandreferencepages(e.gmd_identifier)canprovidedetailsforeachfieldinthestandard. TheNOAADataManagementWiki(NOAADataManagementWiki)containsmanysamples ofbothtypesofpages. DocumentationEvaluationandImprovement TheelementsdefinedaboveareshowninFigure1.Theevaluationandimprovement processbeginswithametadatarecordfromaparticulardialectrepresentedinxmlanda setofspiralsthatarebeingusedtoguidetheimprovementprocess.thefirststepisthe definitionofthespiralmappingsforthedialect.creatingthesemappingsrequires knowledgeofthesemanticsofthedialectandpotentiallyconventionsforuseinparticular communities. Figure&1.&System&Overview&

4 Oncethespiralmappingisdefined,eXtensibleStylesheetLanguage(XSL)isusedfordeP terminingthenumberoffieldsthatareincludedinthemetadatarecordforeachspiral.for example,thexslshownbelowdefinesatitlevariableandatitleexistvariablethatis1if thetitleexists(intheiso19115dialect)and0ifnot.! <xsl:variable!name="title"!!!!!!!!!!select="//gmd:identificationinfo//gmd:citation/gmd:ci_citation/gmd:title/gco:characterstring"/>! <xsl:variable!name="titleexist">!!!<xsl:choose>!!!!!<xsl:when!test="stringalength($title)!>!0">1</xsl:when>!!!!!<xsl:otherwise>0</xsl:otherwise>!!!</xsl:choose>! </xsl:variable>!! TherubricresultsfortheentirerecordandforeachspiralarepresentedinHTMLasa table,shownschematicallyasagridinfigure1andinmoredetailinfigure2.thistable showseachspiralasarowwithshadedcellsshowingprogresstowardsfillingthecontent ofthespiralinthemetadatarecord.thetableservesasaquicklookatthestateoftherecp ordwhilethenumericrubricscoreprovidesaquantitativeevaluationofthatstate. Figure&2.&Graphical&Display&of&Rubric&Result& TheHTMLalsoincludesbriefexplanatoryinformationlinkedtofromthetableforeach spiral(showninthebottomsectionoftherubricpageinfigure1).thisexplanatoryinforp mationtypicallyincludesthenamesanddefinitionsofthespiralfields,thepathstothose fields,andbriefsummariesofbestpracticesorguidanceforthatparticularfield.itcanalso containlinkstoreferencestoinformation(keywordlists, )neededtosupportbestpracp ticesortoawikithatincludesmoredetailedinformationandexamples/lessonslearned bythecommunity.

5 AttributeConventionforDataDiscoveryImplementation TheAttributeConventionforDataDiscovery(ACDD)wasdesignedtofacilitatediscovP eryofdatawritteninnetcdfthatwerebeingservedusingthethreddsdataserver (THREDDSDataServer).NetCDFmetadataareimplementedasattributesassociatedwith anentiredataset(globalattributes)orwithaparticularvariableinthedataset(variable attributes).eachattributehasanameandavalue,sotheconventionismadeupofasetof recommendedglobalattributenames.itincludesroughly50attributesinfourgroups: HighlyRecommended,Recommended,Suggested,andHighlyRecommendedforVariables (Category:Attribute_Conventions_Dataset_Discovery). Thisarrangementreflectsatypicalapproachtometadataconventions,i.e.listsofreP quiredorrecommendedfields.asdescribedabove,thespiralapproachdescribedhererep flectsthefactthatspiralsarecollectionsofconceptsrelatedtoparticularusecases.whena dataproviderneedstosupportaparticularusecase,theycancheckthefieldsintherelated spiral. TheACDDattributesweredividedintoeightusecases(spirals)asshowninTable1.The Tableincludesspiralnames,recommendedattributenames,attributedescriptions,and pathstotheseconceptsinseveralmetadatadialects.thesearediscoveryconventions,so thespiralsreflectdifferentkindsofsearchesthatcanbesupportedusingthefieldsincludp edintheconvention.forexample,thetextsearchspiralincludesfieldsthatmightbe searchedinageneraltextsearch:theresourcetitle,summary,keywords(withsource),hisp tory(alineagedescription),andcomment.italsoincludesthesourceforstandardnames usedinthedataset.theextentsearchspiralincludeshorizontal,vertical,andtemporal limitsoftheresourcethatwouldbeneededtosupportmaportimelinesearches. ISO19Implementation TheISOfamilyofmetadatastandardsincludesISO19115 GeographicInformationP Metadata,ISO19115P1 GeographicMetadata Fundamentals(arevisionof19115),ISO GeographicInformationPServices,ISO19115P2 GeographicInformation Metadata Part2:ExtensionsforImageryandGriddedData,ISO19157 Geographic Metadata DataQuality,andseveralothers.Togetherthesestandardsextendtherangeof standardmetadatasignificantlybeyonddiscoveryintouseandunderstanding,sotheadopp tionoftheisostandardsbygroupsusingdiscoverymetadatadialectsbringsanumberof opportunitiesforimprovement. ManygroupsintheU.S.aretranslatingexistingcollectionsofFGDCCSDGM(CSDGM) andotherlegacydialectstoiso,soaninitialisorubricdevelopedbynoaa(documentap tionspirals)featuresseveralnewcapabilitiesoftheisodialect(table2)inordertoenp courageadoption: 1) Manyspiralsincludesharedvocabularies(theme,onlineresourcefunction,place, datacenter,project,instrument,andplatform). 2) TheConnectionspiralincludesseveralnewelementsintheISOonlineresourcedeP scription(name,description,andfunction).therubricrequiresthatallonlinerep sourcesincludetheseadditionalfieldsbeforetheyarecounted. 3) TheDescriptionSpiralincludestextfieldsthatcanenhanceresultsoftextsearches commonlyusedinmetadataportals.

6 4) TheContentandLineagespiralsintroduceISOsectionsthatfacilitateuseandunP derstandingofthedata.thesesectionscanbeexpandedoncedataproducersbep comemorefamiliarwiththenewcapabilitiesandtheirbenefits. CatalogServicesfortheWeb(CSW)Implementation TheOpenGeospatialConsortiumCatalogServicesfortheWeb(CSW)standardisinP creasinglybeingusedasamechanismforconnectingmetadatarepositoriesinfederated searches.thisstandarddefinescoreconceptsrequiredforsearches(corequeryables)and forreturningresults(corereturnables).mappingsoftheseconceptsintovariousdialects areprincipleelementsofthecswprofilesforthosedialects. TherubricforCSWandISOisshowninTable3.Inthiscase,thesingleusecaseiscomP plyingwiththerequirementsofthecswstandardforqueryablessoonlyonespiralisused. Therubriccanbeappliedtometadatacollectionstoeasilyidentifyrecordsthatneedtobe improvedinordertosatisfytheserequirements. MetadataCollections Thediscussionsofarhasfocusedonusingrubricstoevaluateandimprovesingle metadatarecords.therubricsalsoprovideinsightswhenappliedtoacollectionofrelated records.whilethemeanscoreforthecollectionisanindicatoroftheoverallcompleteness ofthecollectionwithrespecttothespiralsbeingevaluated,thestandarddeviationofthe scoresismanytimesrelatedtothesourceofthemetadataandthemethodofwritingthe records.smallstandarddeviations(manytimeszero)suggestthattherecordsaregeneratp edprogrammaticallyfromadatabaseorsomeothersource.suchacollectionisshown (red)infigure3.allrecordsinthiscollectionhaveascoreof17.largerstandarddeviap tionssuggestacollectionthatiscuratedmanually.inthesecases,knowledgeofthedap tasetsmayvaryordifferentrecordsmaybeatdifferentstagesofanactiveimprovement process.thecollectionshowninblueinfigure3hasscoresthatrangefrom15to31anda significantstandarddeviationforthecollection.

7 Thesedifferencesareimportantbecausetheysuggestdifferentimprovementstrategies. Inthefirstcase,improvingthesourcecontentortheprogramusedtowritethemetadata maybethemosteffectivestrategy.inthesecond,increasingengagementwithdataprovidp ersmightbemorefruitful. Conclusion Metadatadialectsandrecordsmustevolveandimproveasthenumberofdatasetsand thebreadthofinformationrequiredforcomparingandunderstandingthemincreases. Metadataevaluationapproachesneedtoevolvebeyondcountingrecordswithrequired contenttoincludemetadatacompletenessandfacilitatemetadataimprovement.theapp proachoutlinedhereincludessetsofdialectpindependentconceptsthataddressparticular usecases(spirals)andquantitativetoolsformeasuringprogresstowardscompleterecords (rubrics).connectingthesetoolstoawikiprovidesaccesstocommunityknowledgeand experience. Exampleimplementationsofthisapproachinthreedistinctcommunitiesareprovided todemonstratethegeneralityandversatilityachievedusingstandardtoolsfordesktops andtheweb.theapproachhasalsobeenextendedandusedtoevaluatedataquality metadataforthegeossclearinghouse(zabelaetal.,2013). Acknowledgements MostoftheideasandtechniquesdescribedhereweredevelopedatNOAA snationalgep ophysicaldatacenter(ngdc)overthelastdecadeandthemetadatamanagementgroup therewasaconstantsourceofimplementationexperience,feedback,andsuggestionsfor improvement.annamilantestedtheseideaswithdatamanagersanddevelopedtheiso ExplorerontheNOAADataManagementWiki.JohnKozimormadesignificantcontribuP tionstotherubricimplementationsandothermetadataimprovementtoolsnotdescribed here.daveneufeldimplementedncisoandintegrateditintothethreddsdataserver. RichFozzardandMartyAubreydevelopedtheWebimplementationsandansweredmany thornyxsltandjavaquestions.thanksalsotothemanymetadatadevelopersinnoaa, NASA,andaroundtheworldthatprovidedquestionsandsuggestionsastheyusedthese toolstoimprovetheirmetadata. References EarthScienceInformationPartnershipWikicontributors, Category:AttributeConventions DatasetDiscovery, y&oldid=44261(accessedjuly21,2013) NOAAEnvironmentalDataManagementWikicontributors, HomePage, ide.noaa.gov/wiki/index.php?title=nciso&oldid=9965(accessedjuly21,2013)

8 NOAAEnvironmentalDataManagementWikicontributors, ISOIdentifiers, ide.noaa.gov/wiki/index.php?title=nciso&oldid=10096(accessedjuly21,2013) NOAAEnvironmentalDataManagementWikicontributors, MD_Identifier, ide.noaa.gov/wiki/index.php?title=nciso&oldid=8672(accessedjuly21,2013) NOAAEnvironmentalDataManagementWikicontributors, NcISO, ide.noaa.gov/wiki/index.php?title=nciso&oldid=7423(accessedjuly21,2013) OpenGeospatialConsortium, CatlogueService, Variousauthors, CSDGM, 2013) Variousauthors, DocumentationSpirals, ide.noaa.gov/wiki/index.php?title=documentation_spirals&oldid=9987(accessedjuly21, 2013) Variousauthors, THREDDSDataServer, (accessedjuly21,2013) Wikipediacontributors,"Rubric(academic),"Wikipedia,&The&Free&Encyclopedia, cessedjuly21,2013). Wikipediacontributors,"Spiralmodel,"Wikipedia,&The&Free&Encyclopedia, 21,2013). Wikipediacontributors,"XPath,"Wikipedia,&The&Free&Encyclopedia, ). Wikipediacontributors,"XSL,"Wikipedia,&The&Free&Encyclopedia, ). Zabala,Alaitz,AnnaRiverola,IvetteSerral,PaulaDíaz,VictoriaLush,JoanMasó,Xavier Pons,TedHaberann, RubricPQ:addingqualityPrelatedelementstotheGEOSSClearingP housedatasets,ieeejournalofselectedtopicsinappliedearthobservationsandremote Sensing(JSTARS),Vol6(3),1676P1687,June2013(DOI: /JSTARS )

9 Table&1.&Attribute&Convention&for&Data&Discovery&Spirals& Spiral' Attribute' Description' THREDDS' ISO'19115;2' id,, The,combination,of,the,"naming, //gmd:fileidentifier/gco:characterstring, naming_authority,, authority",and,the,"id",should,be,a, //gmd:fileidentifier/gco:characterstring, globally,unique,identifier,for,the,, dataset., Metada( This,attribute,should,be,set,to,"Uni(,, ta_conventions, data,dataset,discovery,v1.0",for, NetCDF,files,that,follow,this,conven( tion., Identifi( cation, Text, Search, Extent, Search, Metadata_Link,or, metadata_link, This,attribute,provides,a,link,to,a, complete,metadata,record,for,this, dataset,or,the,collection,that,con( tains,this,dataset.,this%attribute%is% not%included%in%version%1%of%the% Unidata%Attribute%Convention%for% Data%Discovery.%It%is%recommended% here%because%a%complete%metadata% collection%for%a%dataset%will%likely% contain%more%information%than%can% be%included%in%granule%formats.%this% attribute%contains%a%link%to%that% information.,,, title, A,short,description,of,the,dataset., //gmd:identificationinfo//gmd:citation/gmd:ci_citation/gmd:title/gco: CharacterString, summary,, A,paragraph,describing,the,dataset., metadata/, //gmd:identificationinfo//gmd:abstract/gco:characterstring, keywords,, A,comma,separated,list,of,key,words, and,phrases., metadata/keyword, //gmd:identificationinfo//gmd:descriptivekeywords/gmd:md_keyword s/gmd:keyword/gco:characterstring, key( words_vocabulary,, If,you,are,following,a,guideline,for, the,words/phrases,in,your,"key( words",attribute,,put,the,name,of, that,guideline,here., //gmd:identificationinfo//gmd:descriptivekeywords/gmd:md_keyword s/gmd:thesaurusname/gmd:ci_citation/gmd:title/gco:characterstring,, stand( ard_name_vocabul ary,, history,, comment, The,name,of,the,controlled,vocabu( lary,from,which,variable,standard, names,are,taken., Provides,an,audit,trail,for,modifica( tions,to,the,original,data., Miscellaneous,information,about, the,data., Describes,a,simple,latitude,,longi( tude,,vertical,and,temporal,bound( ing,box.,for,a,more,detailed,geospa( tial,coverage,,see,the,suggested, geospatial,attributes., //gmd:identificationinfo//gmd:descriptivekeywords/gmd:md_keyword s/gmd:thesaurusname/gmd:ci_citation/gmd:title/gco:characterstring,,, //gmd:dataqualityinfo/gmd:dq_dataquality/gmd:lineage/gmd:li_linea ge/gmd:statement/gco:characterstring, metadata/documentation, //gmd:identificationinfo//gmd:supplementalinformation, geospatial_lat_min,, metadata/, //gmd:identificationinfo//gmd:extent/gmd:ex_extent/gmd:geographic geospatialcoverage/northsouth/start, Ele( ment/gmd:ex_geographicboundingbox/gmd:southboundlatitude/gco:de cimal, geospatial_lat_max, metadata/, //gmd:identificationinfo//gmd:extent/gmd:ex_extent/gmd:geographic

10 Further,refinement,of,the,geospatial, bounding,box,can,be,provided,by, using,these,units,and,resolution, attributes.,, Many%of%these%extent%attributes%are% calculated%using%the%cfdconventions., geospatialcoverage/northsouth/size, Ele( ment/gmd:ex_geographicboundingbox/gmd:northboundlatitude/gco:de cimal, geospatial_lon_min, metadata/, geospatialcoverage/eastwest/start, //gmd:identificationinfo//gmd:extent/gmd:ex_extent/gmd:geographic Ele( ment/gmd:ex_geographicboundingbox/gmd:westboundlongitude/gco:d ecimal, geospatial_lon_max, metadata/geospatialcoverage/eastwest/size, //gmd:identificationinfo//gmd:extent/gmd:ex_extent/gmd:geographic Ele( ment/gmd:ex_geographicboundingbox/gmd:eastboundlongitude/gco:de cimal, time_coverage_star t, metadata/timecoverage/start, //gmd:identificationinfo//gmd:extent/gmd:ex_extent/gmd:temporalel ement/gmd:ex_temporalextent/gmd:extent/gml:timeperiod/gml:beginp osition, time_coverage_end, metadata/timecoverage/end, //gmd:identificationinfo//gmd:extent/gmd:ex_extent/gmd:temporalel ement/gmd:ex_temporalextent/gmd:extent/gml:timeperiod/gml:endpos ition, geospa( tial_vertical_min,, metadata/geospatialcoverage/updown/start, //gmd:identificationinfo//gmd:extent/gmd:ex_extent/gmd:verticalele ment/gmd:ex_verticalextent/gmd:minimumvalue/gco:real, geospa( tial_vertical_max, metadata/geospatialcoverage/updown/size, //gmd:identificationinfo//gmd:extent/gmd:ex_extent/gmd:verticalele ment/gmd:ex_verticalextent/gmd:maximumvalue/gco:real, Other, Extent, Infor( mation, geospa( tial_lon_units,, metadata/, geospatialcoverage/eastwest/units, //gmd:spatialrepresentationinfo/gmd:md_georectified/gmd:axisdimen geospa( tial_lon_resolution, metadata/, geospatialcoverage/eastwest/resolution, //gmd:spatialrepresentationinfo/gmd:md_georectified/gmd:axisdimen sionproperties/gmd:md_dimension/gmd:resolution/gco:measure, geospatial_lat_units,, metadata/, geospatialcoverage/northsouth/units, //gmd:spatialrepresentationinfo/gmd:md_georectified/gmd:axisdimen geospa( tial_lat_resolution, metadata/, geospatialcoverage/northsouth/resolution, //gmd:spatialrepresentationinfo/gmd:md_georectified/gmd:axisdimen sionproperties/gmd:md_dimension/gmd:resolution/gco:measure, geospa( tial_vertical_units,, metadata/, geospatialcoverage/updown/units, //gmd:identificationinfo, //gmd:extent/gmd:ex_extent/gmd:verticalelement/gmd:ex_verticalexte nt/gmd:verticalcrs, geospa( tial_vertical_resolut ion,, metada( ta/geospatialcoverage/updown/res olution,, geospa( tial_vertical_positiv e,, metada( time_coverage_unit s, This,attribute,is,calculated,using,the, CF,Conventions,, //gmd:spatialrepresentationinfo/gmd:md_gridspatialrepresentation/g md:axisdimensionproperties/gmd:md_dimension/gmd:resolution/gco:m time_coverage_dur ation, metadata/timecoverage/duration,, //gmd:identificationinfo//gmd:extent/gmd:ex_extent/gmd:temporalel ement/gmd:ex_temporalextent/gmd:extent/gml:timeperiod/gml:beginp osition,provides,an,iso8601,compliant,description,of,the,time,period, covered,by,the,dataset.,this,standard,supports,descriptions,of,durations., time_coverage_res olution, metadata/timecoverage/resolution,,,

11 Creator, Search, creator_name,, The,data,creator's,name,,URL,,and, .,the,"institution",attribute,will, be,used,if,the,"creator_name",at( tribute,does,not,exist., metadata/creator/name, //gmd:identificationinfo//gmd:citation/gmd:ci_citation/gmd:citedresp onsiblepar( ty/gmd:ci_responsibleparty/gmd:individualname/gco:characterstring, CI_RoleCode="originator", creator_url,, //gmd:identificationinfo//gmd:citation/gmd:ci_citation/gmd:citedresp onsiblepar( ty/gmd:ci_responsibleparty/gmd:contactinfo/gmd:ci_contact/gmd:onlin eresource/gmd:ci_onlineresource/gmd:linkage/gmd:url, creator_ ,, //gmd:identificationinfo//gmd:citation/gmd:ci_citation/gmd:citedresp onsiblepar( ty/gmd:ci_responsibleparty/gmd:contactinfo/gmd:ci_contact/gmd:addr ess/gmd:ci_address/gmd:electronicmailaddress/gco:characterstring, institution,, metadata/creator/name, //gmd:identificationinfo//gmd:citation/gmd:ci_citation/gmd:citedresp onsiblepar( ty/gmd:ci_responsibleparty/gmd:organisationname/gco:characterstring, date_created, The,date,on,which,the,data,was, created., //gmd:identificationinfo//gmd:citation/gmd:ci_citation/gmd:date/gmd :CI_Date/gmd:date/gco:Date, /gmd:datetype/gmd:ci_datetypecode="creation", date_modified,, The,date,on,which,this,data,was,last, modified., //gmd:identificationinfo//gmd:citation/gmd:ci_citation/gmd:date/gmd :CI_Date/gmd:date/gco:Date, /gmd:datetype/gmd:ci_datetypecode="revision", date_issued,, The,date,on,which,this,data,was, formally,issued., //gmd:identificationinfo//gmd:citation/gmd:ci_citation/gmd:date/gmd :CI_Date/gmd:date/gco:Date, /gmd:datetype/gmd:ci_datetypecode="publication", project,, The,scientific,project,that,produced, the,data., metadata/project, //gmd:identificationinfo//gmd:aggregationinfo/gmd:md_aggregateinf or( mation/gmd:aggregatedatasetname/gmd:ci_citation/gmd:title/gco:char acterstring, DS_AssociationTypeCode="largerWorkCitation",and, DS_InitiativeTypeCode="project", and/or, //gmd:identificationinfo//gmd:descriptivekeywords/gmd:md_keyword s/gmd:keyword/gco:characterstring,with, gmd:md_keywordtypecode="project", acknowledgment, A,place,to,acknowledge,various,type, of,support,for,the,project,that,pro( duced,this,data., //gmd:identificationinfo//gmd:credit/gco:characterstring, Contrib( utor, Search, contributor_name,, The,name,and,role,of,any,individuals, or,institutions,that,contributed,to, the,creation,of,this,data., metadata/contributor, //gmd:identificationinfo//gmd:citation/gmd:ci_citation/gmd:citedresp onsiblepar( ty/gmd:ci_responsibleparty/gmd:individualname/gco:characterstring, contributor_role,, //gmd:identificationinfo//gmd:citation/gmd:ci_citation/gmd:citedresp onsibleparty/gmd:ci_responsibleparty/gmd:role/gmd:ci_rolecode, ="principalinvestigator",,"author", Publisher, Search, publisher_name,, The,data,publisher's,name,,URL,,and, .,the,publisher,may,be,an, individual,or,an,institution., metadata/publisher/name, //gmd:identificationinfo//gmd:citation/gmd:ci_citation/gmd:citedresp onsiblepar( ty/gmd:ci_responsibleparty/gmd:individualname/gco:characterstring,

12 CI_RoleCode="publisher", and/or, //gmd:identificationinfo//gmd:descriptivekeywords/gmd:md_keyword s/gmd:keyword/gco:characterstring,with, gmd:md_keywordtypecode="datacenter", publisher_url,, //gmd:identificationinfo//gmd:citation/gmd:ci_citation/gmd:citedresp onsiblepar( ty/gmd:ci_responsibleparty/gmd:contactinfo/gmd:ci_contact/gmd:onlin eresource/gmd:ci_onlineresource/gmd:linkage/gmd:url, CI_RoleCode="publisher", publisher_ ,, //gmd:identificationinfo//gmd:citation/gmd:ci_citation/gmd:citedresp onsiblepar( ty/gmd:ci_responsibleparty/gmd:contactinfo/gmd:ci_contact/gmd:addr ess/gmd:ci_address/gmd:electronicmailaddress/gco:characterstring, CI_RoleCode="publisher", processing_level, A,textual,description,of,the,pro( cessing,(or,quality,control),level,of, the,data., Describe,the,restrictions,to,data, access,and,distribution., The,THREDDS,data,type,appropriate, for,this,dataset., metada( "], Other, Attrib( utes, license, cdm_data_type,, metadata/datatype, //gmd:identificationinfo//gmd:resourceconstraints/gmd:md_legalcon straints/gmd:uselimitation/gco:characterstring, //gmd:identificationinfo//gmd:spatialrepresentationtype/gmd:md_sp atialrepresentationtypecode, May,need,some,extensions,to,this,codelist.,Current,values:,vector,,grid,, texttable,,tin,,stereomodel,,video., xpath%note:,the,xpaths,included,in,this,table,use,several,wildcards.,//,means,any,path,,so,//gmd:ci_responsibleparty,indicates,a,gmd:ci_responsibleparty,anywhere,in,an,xml,file.,//,indicates,a, single,level,with,several,possible,elements.,this,usually,indicates,one,of,several,concrete,realizations,of,an,abstract,object.,for,example,//gmd:identificationinfo,could,be, gmd:md_metadata/gmd:identificationinfo,or,gmi:mi_metadata/gmd:identificationinfo,and,gmd:identificationinfo///gmd:descriptivekeywords,could,be, gmd:identificationinfo/gmd:md_dataidentification/gmd:descriptivekeywords,or,gmd:identificationinfo/srv:sv_serviceidentification/gmd:descriptivekeywords.,! &,

13 Table&2.&Initial&ISO&19115>2&Rubric& Spiral' Attribute'(Count)' Description' Best'Practice' Path' Identi( fication, Metadata,Identifier, A,unique,phrase,or,string,that, uniquely,identifies,the,metadata, file., Each,metadata,record,shall,include,a,charac( ter,string,as,a,unique,identifier.,there,are, two,general,approaches,to,ensuring,unique( ness,for,these,identifiers:, 1.,use,a,universal,unique,identifier,(UUID),,to, distinguish,it,from,other,resources., 2.,Include,a,namespace,and,a,code,guaran( teed,to,be,unique,in,that,namespace,in,the, identifier.,for,example:, gov.noaa.class:aero100,.,in,this,case, gov.noaa.class,is,a,namespace,and,aero100, is,a,code,guaranteed,to,be,unique,in,that, namespace., It,seems,likely,that,the,upcoming,revision,of, ISO,19115,will,support,MD_Identifiers,as, metadata,identifiers.,more..., //gmd:fileidentifier/gco:characterstring, Resource,Title, Name,by,which,the,resource,is, known, More..., //gmd:identificationinfo//gmd:citation/gmd:ci_citation/gmd:title/gco: CharacterString, Resource,Date, Date,associated,with,the,resource, (publication/creation/revision)., Whenever,possible,,include,both,creation, date,and,revision,date.,more..., //gmd:identificationinfo//gmd:citation/gmd:ci_citation/gmd:date/gmd :CI_Date[gmd:dateType/gmd:CI_DateTypeCode='creation']/gmd:date/gco :Date,or, //gmd:identificationinfo//gmd:citation/gmd:ci_citation/gmd:date/gmd :CI_Date[gmd:dateType/gmd:CI_DateTypeCode='creation']/gmd:date/gco :DateTime,or, //gmd:identificationinfo//gmd:citation/gmd:ci_citation/gmd:date/gmd :CI_Date[gmd:dateType/gmd:CI_DateTypeCode='publication']/gmd:date/ gco:date,or, //gmd:identificationinfo//gmd:citation/gmd:ci_citation/gmd:date/gmd :CI_Date[gmd:dateType/gmd:CI_DateTypeCode='publication']/gmd:date/ gco:datetime,or, //gmd:identificationinfo//gmd:citation/gmd:ci_citation/gmd:date/gmd :CI_Date[gmd:dateType/gmd:CI_DateTypeCode='revision']/gmd:date/gco: Date,or, //gmd:identificationinfo//gmd:citation/gmd:ci_citation/gmd:date/gmd :CI_Date[gmd:dateType/gmd:CI_DateTypeCode='revision']/gmd:date/gco: DateTime, Abstract, Brief,narrative,summary,of,the, resource,contents., Abstract,narrative,should,include,infor( mation,on,general,content,and,features;, dataset,application:,gis,,cad,,image,,data( base;,geographic,coverage:,county/city, name;,time,period,of,content:,begin,and,end, date,or,single,date;,and,special,data,charac( teristics,or,limitations.,note:,many,applica( tions,limit,preliminary,display,to,the,first, //gmd:identificationinfo//gmd:abstract/gco:characterstring,

14 150(200,characters,of,this,field,so,critical, distinguishing,characteristics,should,be,listed, first.,more..., Topic,Category, The,main,theme(s),of,the,dataset., Select,topicCategory,from, MD_TopicCategoryCode.,Usually,climatolo( gymeteorologyatmosphere,and/or,oceans, (keep,this,capitalization,and,spacing)., //gmd:identificationinfo//gmd:topiccategory/gmd:md_topiccategoryc ode, Theme,Keywords, Keywords,that,describe,the,general, theme,of,the,resource., The,NASA,Global,Change,Master,Directory, and,the,climate(forecast,standard,names, are,good,choices,for,keyword,thesaurus., In,order,to,be,identified,by,SpiralTracker,,the, keyword,must,have,md_keywordtypecode, =,theme, //gmd:identificationinfo//gmd:descriptivekeywords/gmd:md_keyword keyword/gco:characterstring, Theme,Keyword, Thesaurus, The,name,of,a,registered,authorita( tive,keyword,resource., //gmd:identificationinfo//gmd:descriptivekeywords/gmd:md_keyword hesaurusname/gmd:ci_citation/gmd:title/gco:characterstring, Metadata,Contact, The,responsible,party,for,the, metadata,content., The,person/organization,directly,responsible, for,metadata,creation,and,maintenance., //gmd:contact/gmd:ci_responsibleparty, Resource,Contact, Identification,and,means,to,contact, people/organizations,associated, with,the,resource., The,person/organization,directly,responsible, for,answering,questions,about,a,resource., This,could,be,a,person,at,an,archive,rather, than,the,originator,of,the,resource,(de( scribed,in,the,citation)., //gmd:identificationinfo//gmd:pointofcontact/gmd:ci_responsiblepart y), Re( source, Extent, Resource,Spatial, Extent, Describes,the,spatial,,horizontal, and/or,vertical,,and,the,temporal, coverage,in,the,resource., The,bounding,extent,for,the,resource,should, be,identified,with,id="boundingextent":, <gmd:ex_extent,id="boundingextent">, More..., ((//gmd:identificationinfo//gmd:extent/gmd:ex_extent/gmd:geographi cele( ment/gmd:ex_geographicboundingbox/gmd:westboundlongitude/gco:d ecimal,!=,''),and, (//gmd:identificationinfo//gmd:extent/gmd:ex_extent/gmd:geographic Ele( ment/gmd:ex_geographicboundingbox/gmd:eastboundlongitude/gco:de cimal,!=,''),and, (//gmd:identificationinfo//gmd:extent/gmd:ex_extent/gmd:geographic Ele( ment/gmd:ex_geographicboundingbox/gmd:northboundlatitude/gco:de cimal,!=,''),and, (//gmd:identificationinfo//gmd:extent/gmd:ex_extent/gmd:geographic Ele( ment/gmd:ex_geographicboundingbox/gmd:southboundlatitude/gco:de cimal,!=,'')),or, ((//gmd:identificationinfo/srv:sv_serviceidentification/srv:extent/gmd:e X_Extent/gmd:geographicElement/gmd:EX_GeographicBoundingBox/gmd :westboundlongitude/gco:decimal,!=,''),and, (//gmd:identificationinfo/srv:sv_serviceidentification/srv:extent/gmd:e X_Extent/gmd:geographicElement/gmd:EX_GeographicBoundingBox/gmd :eastboundlongitude/gco:decimal,!=,''),and, (//gmd:identificationinfo/srv:sv_serviceidentification/srv:extent/gmd:e X_Extent/gmd:geographicElement/gmd:EX_GeographicBoundingBox/gmd :northboundlatitude/gco:decimal,!=,''),and, (//gmd:identificationinfo/srv:sv_serviceidentification/srv:extent/gmd:e X_Extent/gmd:geographicElement/gmd:EX_GeographicBoundingBox/gmd

15 :southboundlatitude/gco:decimal,!=,'')), Temporal,Extent, Describes,the,temporal,coverage,in, the,resource., A,temporal,element,could,be,used,to,de( scribe,either,the,time,period,covered,by,the, content,of,the,dataset,(e.g.,during,the,juras( sic),or,the,date,and,time,when,the,data,has, been,collected,(e.g.,the,date,on,which,the, geological,study,was,completed).,if,both,are, needed,,then,two,temporal,extents,should, be,provided.,the,use,of,multiple,temporal, extents,should,be,explained,in,the,attribute, description,of,the,extent.,the,bounding, extent,for,the,resource,should,be,identified, with,id="boundingextent":,<gmd:ex_extent, id="boundingextent">,more..., mporalextent']/gmd:extent,or, //gmd:identificationinfo/srv:sv_serviceidentification/srv:extent/gmd:ex Vertical,Extent, The,elements,which,give,the,mini( mum,and,maximum,of,the,vertical, extent,of,the,dataset., The,bounding,extent,for,the,resource,should, be,identified,with,id="boundingextent":, <gmd:ex_extent,id="boundingextent">, More..., xtent']/gmd:verticalelement/gmd:ex_verticalextent,or, //gmd:identificationinfo/srv:sv_serviceidentification/srv:extent/gmd:ex ent, Place,Keywords, Keywords,that,describe,the,location, of,the,resource., The,NASA,Global,Change,Master,Directory,is, a,good,choice,for,keyword,thesaurus., In,order,to,be,identified,by,SpiralTracker,,the, keyword,must,have,md_keywordtypecode, =,place, //gmd:identificationinfo//gmd:descriptivekeywords/gmd:md_keyword eyword/gco:characterstring, Place,Keyword,The( saurus, The,name,of,a,registered,authorita( tive,keyword,resource., //gmd:identificationinfo//gmd:descriptivekeywords/gmd:md_keyword hesaurusname/gmd:ci_citation/gmd:title/gco:characterstring, Re( source, Extent, Online,Resource,URLs, URLs,for,online,resources., Information,for,Online,Resources,More..., ////gmd:ci_onlineresource/gmd:linkage/gmd:url, Online,Resource, Functions, Function,code,for,online,resources., Valids,include:,download,,infor( mation,,offlineaccess,,order,,search, //gmd:ci_onlineresource/gmd:function/gmd:ci_onlinefunctioncode, Online,Resource, Names, Title,for,online,resources,,usually, displayed,as,the,link., //gmd:ci_onlineresource/gmd:name/gco:characterstring, Online,Resource, Description, A,short,paragraph,describing,an, online,resource,,usually,displayed, with,a,link., //gmd:ci_onlineresource/gmd:description/gco:characterstring, Distri( bution, Infor( mation, Distributor,Contact, (1), The,contact,for,distribution,of,the, resource., The,organization,directly,responsible,for, distribution,of,the,resource., //gmd:distributioninfo/gmd:md_distribution/gmd:distributor/gmd:md_ Distributor/gmd:distributorContact,, or, //gmd:identificationinfo/srv:sv_serviceidentification/gmd:pointofconta ct/gmd:ci_responsibleparty, Online,Resource, Information,about,Internet,hosted, resources:,availability;,url;,protocol, used;,resource,name;,resource, description,,and,resource,function., More..., //gmd:distributioninfo/gmd:md_distribution/gmd:distributor/gmd:md_ Distribu( tor/gmd:distributortransferoptions/gmd:md_digitaltransferoptions/gm d:online/gmd:ci_onlineresource/gmd:linkage/gmd:url,or, //gmd:identificationinfo/srv:sv_serviceidentification/srv:containsoperat ions/srv:sv_operationmetadata/srv:connectpoint/gmd:ci_onlineresourc e/gmd:linkage/gmd:url,

16 Resource,Distribution, Format, Description,of,distribution,format.,, //gmd:distributioninfo/gmd:md_distribution/gmd:distributor/gmd:md_ Distributor/gmd:distributorFormat/gmd:MD_Format,or, //gmd:identificationinfo/srv:sv_serviceidentification/srv:containsoperat ions/srv:sv_operationmetadata/srv:operationname/gco:characterstring, Data,Center,Key( words, Keywords,that,describe,a,Data,Cen( ter,related,to,the,resource., The,NASA,Global,Change,Master,Directory,is, a,good,choice,for,keyword,thesaurus., In,order,to,be,identified,by,SpiralTracker,,the, keyword,must,have,md_keywordtypecode, =,datacenter, //gmd:identificationinfo//gmd:descriptivekeywords/gmd:md_keyword md:keyword/gco:characterstring, Data,Center,Keyword, Thesaurus, The,name,of,a,registered,authorita( tive,keyword,resource., //gmd:identificationinfo/gmd:descriptivekeywords/gmd:md_keywords hesaurusname/gmd:ci_citation/gmd:title/gco:characterstring, Browse,Graphic, The,name,of,,description,of,,and,file, type,of,an,illustration,of,the,dataset.,, //gmd:identificationinfo//gmd:graphicoverview/gmd:md_browsegrap hic/gmd:filename/gco:characterstring, Descrip scrip( tion, Infor( mation, Purpose, Summary,of,the,intentions,for,which, the,dataset,was,developed., Purpose,includes,objectives,for,creating,the, dataset,and,what,the,dataset,is,to,support., //gmd:identificationinfo//gmd:purpose/gco:characterstring, Resource,Extent, Description, Text,which,describes,the,spatial,and, temporal,extent,of,the,dataset., When,referring,to,a,named,location,this,can, be,also,listed,as,a,keyword,with,type,=, "place".,more..., xtent']/gmd:description/gco:characterstring, Lineage,Statement, General,explanation,of,the,data, producer's,knowledge,of,the,re( source,sources,and,processing.,, //gmd:dataqualityinfo/gmd:dq_dataquality/gmd:lineage/gmd:li_linea ge/gmd:statement/gco:characterstring, Project,Keywords, Keywords,that,describe,a,Project, related,to,the,resource., The,NASA,Global,Change,Master,Directory,is, a,good,choice,for,keyword,thesaurus., In,order,to,be,identified,by,SpiralTracker,,the, keyword,must,have,md_keywordtypecode, =,project, //gmd:identificationinfo//gmd:descriptivekeywords/gmd:md_keyword keyword/gco:characterstring, Project,Keyword, Thesaurus, The,name,of,a,registered,authorita( tive,keyword,resource., //gmd:identificationinfo//gmd:descriptivekeywords/gmd:md_keyword thesaurusname/gmd:ci_citation/gmd:title/gco:characterstring, Con( tent, Infor( mation, Content,Type, Type,of,the,content,in,the,cell., Select,contentType,from, MD_CoverageContentTypeCode.,More..., //gmd:contentinfo//gmd:contenttype/gmd:md_coveragecontenttype Code, Band,Name, Name,of,the,parameter,in,the,band., This,name,must,uniquely,identify,a,parame( ter,in,the,attributedescription.,the,climate( Forecast,Standard,Names,are,conventional, choices,for,attribute,names., //gmd:contentinfo//gmd:dimension//gmd:sequenceidentifier/gco:me mbername/gco:aname/gco:characterstring, Band,Definition, Definition,of,the,parameter,in,the, band.,, //gmd:contentinfo//gmd:dimension//gmd:descriptor/gco:characterst ring, Band,Units, Units,of,the,parameter,in,the,band., The,Unidata,UDUNITS,is,a,source,of,standard, unit,names., //gmd:contentinfo//gmd:dimension//gmd:units, Line( age, Infor( mation, Source,(0), Information,on,the,sources,used,in, the,development,of,the,dataset., Using,xml,ids,for,sources,and,processSteps, makes,it,possible,to,refer,to,them,from,one, another:,<gmd:li_source, id="src_avhrr_gac ">, More..., //gmd:dataqualityinfo/gmd:dq_dataquality/gmd:lineage/gmd:li_lineag e/gmd:source/gmd:li_source,or, //gmd:dataqualityinfo/gmd:dq_dataquality/gmd:lineage/gmd:li_lineag e/gmd:source/gmi:le_source,or, //gmd:dataqualityinfo/gmd:dq_dataquality/gmd:lineage/gmd:li_lineag e/gmd:processstep//gmd:source/gmi:le_source,or, //gmd:dataqualityinfo/gmd:dq_dataquality/gmd:lineage/gmd:li_lineag e/gmd:processstep//gmd:source/gmd:li_source, Process,Step, UDD,(history), The,events,in,the,development,of, the,dataset.,more..., //gmd:dataqualityinfo/gmd:dq_dataquality/gmd:lineage/gmd:li_lineag e/gmd:processstep/gmd:li_processstep,or,

17 //gmd:dataqualityinfo/gmd:dq_dataquality/gmd:lineage/gmd:li_lineag e/gmd:processstep/gmi:le_processstep,or, //gmd:dataqualityinfo/gmd:dq_dataquality/gmd:lineage/gmd:li_lineag e/gmd:source//gmd:sourcestep/gmd:li_processstep,or, //gmd:dataqualityinfo/gmd:dq_dataquality/gmd:lineage/gmd:li_lineag e/gmd:source//gmd:sourcestep/gmi:le_processstep, Acqui( sition, Infor( mation, Instrument, Information,about,the,instrument, used,to,make,the,observations., More..., //gmi:acquisitioninformation/gmi:mi_acquisitioninformation/gmi:instru ment/gmi:mi_instrument,or, //gmi:acquisitioninformation/gmi:mi_acquisitioninformation/gmi:platfo rm/gmi:mi_platform/gmi:instrument/gmi:mi_instrument, Platform, The,platform,used,to,collect,the, observations., More..., //gmi:acquisitioninformation/gmi:mi_acquisitioninformation/gmi:platfo rm/gmi:mi_platform, Instrument,Keywords, Keywords,that,describe,the,instru( ment,used,to,collect,the,resource., The,NASA,Global,Change,Master,Directory,is, a,good,choice,for,keyword,thesaurus., In,order,to,be,identified,by,SpiralTracker,,the, keyword,must,have,md_keywordtypecode, =,instrument, //gmd:identificationinfo//gmd:descriptivekeywords/gmd:md_keyword Instrument,Keyword, Thesaurus, The,name,of,a,registered,authorita( tive,keyword,resource., //gmd:identificationinfo//gmd:descriptivekeywords/gmd:md_keyword nces( tor::node()/gmd:thesaurusname/gmd:ci_citation/gmd:title/gco:characte rstring, Platform,Keywords, Keywords,that,describe,the,platform, used,to,collect,the,resource., The,NASA,Global,Change,Master,Directory,is, a,good,choice,for,keyword,thesaurus., In,order,to,be,identified,by,SpiralTracker,,the, keyword,must,have,md_keywordtypecode, =,platform, //gmd:identificationinfo//gmd:descriptivekeywords/gmd:md_keyword Platform,Keyword, Thesaurus, The,name,of,a,registered,authorita( tive,keyword,resource., //gmd:identificationinfo//gmd:descriptivekeywords/gmd:md_keyword es( tor::node()/gmd:thesaurusname/gmd:ci_citation/gmd:title/gco:characte rstring, xpath%note:,the,xpaths,included,in,this,table,use,several,wildcards.,//,means,any,path,,so,//gmd:ci_responsibleparty,indicates,a,gmd:ci_responsibleparty,anywhere,in,an,xml,file.,//,indicates,a, single,level,with,several,possible,elements.,this,usually,indicates,one,of,several,concrete,realizations,of,an,abstract,object.,for,example,//gmd:identificationinfo,could,be, gmd:md_metadata/gmd:identificationinfo,or,gmi:mi_metadata/gmd:identificationinfo,and,gmd:identificationinfo///gmd:descriptivekeywords,could,be, gmd:identificationinfo/gmd:md_dataidentification/gmd:descriptivekeywords,or,gmd:identificationinfo/srv:sv_serviceidentification/gmd:descriptivekeywords.,!!!

18 Table&3.&Catalog&Services&for&the&Web&(CSW)&Rubric& Spiral' Attribute'(Count)' Description' Path' Catalog, Services, for,the, Web, (CSW), Core, Querya( bles, Subject, The,topic,of,the,content,of,the,re( source., //gmd:identificationinfo//gmd:topiccategory/gmd:md_topiccategorycode,or, //gmd:identificationinfo//gmd:descriptivekeywords/gmd:md_keywords/gmd:keyword/gco:characterstring, Title, A,name,given,to,the,resource., //gmd:identificationinfo//gmd:citation/gmd:ci_citation/gmd:title/gco:characterstring, Abstract, A,summary,of,the,content,of,the, resource., //gmd:identificationinfo//gmd:abstract/gco:characterstring, AnyText, A,target,for,full(text,search,of,char( acter,data,types,in,a,catalogue., text(), Format, The,physical,or,digital,manifestation, of,the,resource., //gmd:distributioninfo/gmd:md_distribution/gmd:distributor/gmd:md_distributor/gmd:distributorformat/gmd:md_fo rmat/gmd:name/gco:characterstring, Identifier, A,unique,reference,to,the,record, within,the,catalogue., //gmd:fileidentifier/gco:characterstring, Modified, Date,on,which,the,record,was,creat( ed,or,updated,within,the,catalogue., //gmd:datestamp/gco:date,or,//gmd:datestamp/gco:datetime, Type, The,nature,or,genre,of,the,content, of,the,resource.,type,can,include, general,categories,,genres,or,aggre( gation,levels,of,content., //gmd:hierarchylevel/gmd:md_scopecode, BoundingBox, A,bounding,box,for,identifying,a, geographic,area,of,interest., ((//gmd:identificationinfo//gmd:extent/gmd:ex_extent/gmd:geographicelement/gmd:ex_geographicboundingbox/gm d:westboundlongitude/gco:decimal,!=,''),and, (//gmd:identificationinfo//gmd:extent/gmd:ex_extent/gmd:geographicelement/gmd:ex_geographicboundingbox/gmd: eastboundlongitude/gco:decimal,!=,''),and, (//gmd:identificationinfo//gmd:extent/gmd:ex_extent/gmd:geographicelement/gmd:ex_geographicboundingbox/gmd: northboundlatitude/gco:decimal,!=,''),and, (//gmd:identificationinfo//gmd:extent/gmd:ex_extent/gmd:geographicelement/gmd:ex_geographicboundingbox/gmd: southboundlatitude/gco:decimal,!=,'')),, or, ((//gmd:identificationinfo/srv:sv_serviceidentification/srv:extent/gmd:ex_extent/gmd:geographicelement/gmd:ex_geo graphicboundingbox/gmd:westboundlongitude/gco:decimal,!=,''),and, (//gmd:identificationinfo/srv:sv_serviceidentification/srv:extent/gmd:ex_extent/gmd:geographicelement/gmd:ex_geog raphicboundingbox/gmd:eastboundlongitude/gco:decimal,!=,''),and, (//gmd:identificationinfo/srv:sv_serviceidentification/srv:extent/gmd:ex_extent/gmd:geographicelement/gmd:ex_geog raphicboundingbox/gmd:northboundlatitude/gco:decimal,!=,''),and, (//gmd:identificationinfo/srv:sv_serviceidentification/srv:extent/gmd:ex_extent/gmd:geographicelement/gmd:ex_geog raphicboundingbox/gmd:southboundlatitude/gco:decimal,!=,'')), CRS, Geographic,Coordinate,Reference, System,(Authority,and,ID),for,the, BoundingBox., //gmd:referencesystemidentifier/gmd:rs_identifier/gmd:authority/gmd:ci_citation/gmd:title/,and, //gmd:referencesystemidentifier/gmd:rs_identifier/gmd:code/,and, //gmd:referencesystemidentifier/gmd:rs_identifier/gmd:version/, Association, Complete,statement,of,a,one(to(one, relationship., //gmd:aggregationinfo/gmd:md_aggregateinformation/gmd:aggregatedatasetidentifier/gmd:md_identifier/gmd:code/ gco:characterstring, xpath%note:,the,xpaths,included,in,this,table,use,several,wildcards.,//,means,any,path,,so,//gmd:ci_responsibleparty,indicates,a,gmd:ci_responsibleparty,anywhere,in,an,xml,file.,//,indicates,a, single,level,with,several,possible,elements.,this,usually,indicates,one,of,several,concrete,realizations,of,an,abstract,object.,for,example,//gmd:identificationinfo,could,be, gmd:md_metadata/gmd:identificationinfo,or,gmi:mi_metadata/gmd:identificationinfo,and,gmd:identificationinfo///gmd:descriptivekeywords,could,be, gmd:identificationinfo/gmd:md_dataidentification/gmd:descriptivekeywords,or,gmd:identificationinfo/srv:sv_serviceidentification/gmd:descriptivekeywords.,