Relational Data Modeling. Thrivings Systems Theory

Transcription

1 A Design Quality Learning Unit in Relational Data Modeling Based on Thrivings Systems Theory Les Waguespack, Ph.D. Professor & Chairperson of Computer Information Systems Bentley University Waltham Massachusetts ISECON - New Orleans, LA

2 How is it that one system is more effective, appealing, satisfying and/or more beautiful than another to its stakeholder community? Waguespack, L. J. (2010). Thriving Systems Theory and Metaphor-Driven Modeling. London: Springer-Verlag.

3 How is it that one system is more effective, appealing, satisfying and/or more beautiful than another to its stakeholder community? Waguespack, L. J. (2010). Thriving Systems Theory and Metaphor-Driven Modeling. London: Springer-Verlag. How is it that one Relational Data model is better than another?

4 How is it that one system is more effective, appealing, satisfying and/or more beautiful than another to its stakeholder community? Waguespack, L. J. (2010). Thriving Systems Theory and Metaphor-Driven Modeling. London: Springer-Verlag. How is it that one Relational Data model is better than another? What determines design quality in an Relational Data model?

5 We Are Here! Thriving Systems Theory Waguespack, L. J., Schiano, W. T., and Yates, D. J. (2010). Translating architectural design quality from the physical domain to information systems. Design Principles and Practices: An International Journal, 4(1), Waguespack, L. J. (2010). Thriving Systems Theory and Metaphor-Driven Modeling. London: Springer- Verlag. Waguespack, L. J. and Schiano, W. T. (2013). Thriving Systems Theory: An Emergent Information Systems Design Theory, HICSS-46, Maui, HI, January 2013 (to appear). Object-oriented ontology Waguespack (2011). A Design Quality Learning Unit in OO Modeling Bridging the Engineer and the Artist, ISECON 2011, Wilmington, NC, Nov, to appear. Waguespack (2009). A Two-Page OO Green Card for Students and Teachers. Information Systems Education Journal, 7 (61). Relational data ontology Waguespack (2010). The Relational Model Distilled to Support Data Modeling in IS Information Systems Education Journal, 8 (3). Agile vocabulary of SCRUM Waguespack, L. J. and Schiano, W. T. (2012). SCRUM Project Architecture and Thriving Systems Theory, HICSS-45, Maui, HI, January, 2012.

6 Pursuing a Universal Foundation of System Design Quality from the beauty in nature to the quality in systems properties of order in nature

7 Pursuing a Universal Foundation of System Design Quality Stepwise Refinement from the beauty in nature Modularization Cohesion Encapsulation Composition of Function to the quality in systems Scale Correctness User Friendliness properties of order in nature Extensibility Patterns Reliability Transparency Programmability Identity Elegance

8 Pursuing a Universal Foundation of System Design Quality elaborate Stepwise Refinement from the beauty in nature modularize factor encapsulate assemble Modularization Cohesion Encapsulation Composition of Function to the quality in systems focus Scale align Correctness accommodate User Friendliness extend Extensibility properties of order in nature pattern Patterns normalize Reliability expose Transparency generalize Programmability identify Identity coordinate Elegance system design actions and choice properties

9 Pursuing a Universal Foundation of System Design Quality elaborate Stepwise Refinement from the beauty in nature modularize factor encapsulate assemble Modularization Cohesion Encapsulation Composition of Function to the quality in systems focus Scale align Correctness accommodate User Friendliness extend Extensibility properties of order in nature pattern Patterns normalize Reliability expose Transparency generalize Programmability identify Identity coordinate Elegance system design actions and choice properties

10 Pursuing a Universal Foundation of System Design Quality elaborate Stepwise Refinement inheritance variable class data attribute service behavioral attribute polymorphism method behavioral attribute progeny instance membership OF identity objectoriented models that thrive from the beauty in nature modularize factor encapsulate assemble Modularization Cohesion Encapsulation Composition of Function remembrance object encapsulation value data attribute membership IN message passing association Object-oriented ontology to the quality in systems focus Scale align Correctness accommodate User Friendliness extend Extensibility properties of order in nature pattern Patterns normalize Reliability expose Transparency generalize Programmability identify Identity coordinate Elegance system design actions and choice properties

11 Pursuing a Universal Foundation of System Design Quality from the beauty in nature elaborate modularize factor encapsulate assemble Stepwise Refinement Modularization Cohesion Encapsulation Composition of Function inheritance variable data attribute service behavioral attribute polymorphism class method behavioral attribute remembrance value data attribute message passing progeny instance object association membership OF identity encapsulation membership IN Object-oriented ontology objectoriented models that thrive to the quality in systems focus align Scale Correctness functional dependency referential integrity membership IN domain data attribute relation entity integrity value data attribute atomicity remembrance association instance membership OF tuple ANIMAL ANAME ASPECIES AGENDER CLOC RATION ANAME ASPECIES FDESC RHOWMUCH RHOWOFTEN CLOC CLOC CTYPE CSIZE FDESC FINV FUNITS CAGE FOOD relational data models that thrive accommodate extend User Friendliness Extensibility Relational data ontology properties of order in nature pattern Patterns normalize Reliability expose Transparency generalize Programmability identify Identity coordinate Elegance system design actions and choice properties

12 Pursuing a Universal Foundation of System Design Quality inheritance progeny elaborate Stepwise Refinement variable class data attribute instance service identity behavioral attribute remembrance Modularization membership IN Cohesion Encapsulation Object-oriented ontology Primary / Foreign Keys Composition of Function functional dependency instance domain data attribute CLOC CTYPE CSIZE RATION value ANAME ASPECIES FDESC RHOWMUCH RHOWOFTEN CLOC tuple data attribute Correctness CAGE ANAME ASPECIES AGENDER CLOC membership OF entity integrity atomicity remembrance membership IN association accommodate ANIMAL Scale referential integrity align Primary keys uniquely distinguish rows in a table Foreign keys identify rows in another table for the purposes of joining relation focus to the quality in systems association assemble value data attribute message passing encapsulate encapsulation object factor method from the beauty in nature membership OF behavioral attribute polymorphism modularize objectoriented models that thrive 05: 17 FOOD FDESC FINV FUNITS CS360 Business Information Systems Analysis & Modeling Les Waguespack, Ph.D relational data models that thrive User Friendliness Relational data ontology properties of order in nature extend Extensibility pattern Patterns product owner artifact burn down chart artifact Reliability product owner product role SCRUM master role people artifact sprint deliverable sprint team artifact generalize Programmability identify Identity coordinate Elegance system design actions and choice properties sprint role ceremony daily SCRUM meeting ceremony SCRUM ontology team member role artifact daily SCRUM meeting sprint review ceremony ceremony SCRUM master ceremony role sprint planning Transparency sprint planning sprint backlog process expose ceremony artifact sprint backlog normalize sprint review role product backlog product backlog burn down chart artifact ceremony sprints sprint deliverable artifact agile project management models that thrive

13 Pursuing a Universal Foundation of System Design Quality inheritance progeny elaborate Stepwise Refinement variable class data attribute instance service identity behavioral attribute remembrance Modularization membership IN Cohesion Encapsulation Object-oriented ontology Primary / Foreign Keys Composition of Function functional dependency instance domain data attribute CLOC CTYPE CSIZE relational data models that thrive RATION value ANAME ASPECIES FDESC RHOWMUCH RHOWOFTEN CLOC tuple data attribute Correctness CAGE ANAME ASPECIES AGENDER CLOC membership OF entity integrity atomicity remembrance membership IN association accommodate ANIMAL Scale referential integrity align Primary keys uniquely distinguish rows in a table Foreign keys identify rows in another table for the purposes of joining relation focus to the quality in systems association assemble value data attribute message passing encapsulate encapsulation object factor method from the beauty in nature membership OF behavioral attribute polymorphism modularize objectoriented models that thrive 05: 17 FOOD FDESC FINV FUNITS CS360 Business Information Systems Analysis & Modeling Les Waguespack, Ph.D User Friendliness Relational data ontology properties of order in nature extend Extensibility pattern Patterns product owner artifact burn down chart artifact Reliability ceremony artifact product owner product role SCRUM master sprint backlog normalize role sprint planning sprint deliverable artifact daily SCRUM meeting Transparency sprint ceremony burn down chart artifact ceremony sprint review sprints ceremony ceremony artifact role role sprint planning agile project management models that thrive sprint deliverable team member role sprint backlog sprint team artifact SCRUM master ceremony people artifact process expose sprint review role product backlog product backlog daily SCRUM meeting ceremony Critical Path generalize identify coordinate Programmability Identity Elegance system design actions and choice properties SCRUM ontology? The sequence of tasks that any of which are delayed will cause the project completion to be delayed as well! System Flowchart complete Task 6b (1.0) business models that thrive?? Complete Ops Doc. Task 5 (1.0) Request for Services Task 1 (2.0) Narrate Current System Task 2 (2.0) Complete DFD Task 3 (3.0) Task 7 (2.0) Complete USD Com plete USD Complete Ops Doc. Task 6a (1.0) Complete Com plete USD Task 4 (1.0) User Doc. Complete Menu Tree 06: 10 CS360 Business Information Systems Analysis & Modeling Business process modeling vocabulary or ontology? Les Waguespack, Ph.D. 2008

14 defining design quality

15 defining design quality quality ˈkwäl"tē noun 1 the standard of something as measured against other things of a similar kind; the degree of excellence of something: an improvement in product quality people today enjoy a better quality of life. general excellence of standard or level: a masterpiece for connoisseurs of quality [ as modifier ] : a wide choice of quality beers. 2 a distinctive attribute or characteristic possessed by someone or something: he shows strong leadership qualities the plant's aphrodisiac qualities.

16 defining design quality quality ˈkwäl"tē noun 1 the standard of something as measured against other things of a similar kind; the degree of excellence of something: an improvement in product quality people today enjoy a better quality of life. general excellence of standard or level: a masterpiece for connoisseurs of quality [ as modifier ] : a wide choice of quality beers. 2 a distinctive attribute or characteristic possessed by someone or something: he shows strong leadership qualities the plant's aphrodisiac qualities. design d"ˈzīn verb [ with obj. ] decide upon the look and functioning of (a building, garment, or other object), typically by making a detailed drawing of it: a number of architectural students were designing a factory [ as adj. with submodifier ] (designed) : specially designed buildings. do or plan (something) with a specific purpose or intention in mind: [ with obj. and infinitive ] : the tax changes were designed to stimulate economic growth.

17 the individual s experience of design quality implementation threshold expectation mindset

18 the individual s experience of design quality implementation threshold expectation mindset the mental picture the observer brings to the experience within which they will understand the experience

19 the individual s experience of design quality implementation threshold expectation mindset the subset of the observer s mindset (conscious or unconscious) that is specifically relevant to the event the mental picture the observer brings to the experience within which they will understand the experience

20 the individual s experience of design quality implementation threshold expectation mindset the point of encounter between the expectation and the system s features the subset of the observer s mindset (conscious or unconscious) that is specifically relevant to the event the mental picture the observer brings to the experience within which they will understand the experience

21 the individual s experience of design quality implementation threshold expectation mindset the assembled artifact s realization that creates the opportunity for observation the point of encounter between the expectation and the system s features the subset of the observer s mindset (conscious or unconscious) that is specifically relevant to the event the mental picture the observer brings to the experience within which they will understand the experience

22 the individual s experience of design quality implementation threshold expectation mindset the assembled artifact s realization that creates the opportunity for observation the point of encounter between the expectation and the system s features the subset of the observer s mindset (conscious or unconscious) that is specifically relevant to the event the mental picture the observer brings to the experience within which they will understand the experience

23 the community s experience of design quality implementation threshold expectation mindset

24 the community s experience of design quality implementation threshold expectation mindset the assembled artifact s realization that creates the opportunity for observation the point of encounter between the expectation and the system s features the subset of the observer s mindset (conscious or unconscious) that is specifically relevant to the event the mental picture the observer brings to the experience within which they will understand the experience

25 Quality Design: The application of quality Principles in the process of creating artifacts

26 How is it that one system is more effective, appealing, satisfying and/or more beautiful than another to its stakeholder community? Waguespack, L. J. (2010). Thriving Systems Theory and Metaphor-Driven Modeling. London: Springer-Verlag. How is it that one relational model is better than another? What determines design quality in an relational model?

27 Relational Ontology functional dependency referential integrity domain data attribute relation entity integrity value data attribute instance membership OF tuple atomicity remembrance membership IN association Waguespack (2010). The Relational Model Distilled to Support Data Modeling in IS Information Systems Education Journal, 8 (3).

28 The Design Process

29 The Design Process Stakeholder intensions requirement elements model elements design elements

30 The Design Process Stakeholder intensions requirement elements model elements design elements

31 The Design Process rules of thumb Traditional patterns Stakeholder intensions requirement elements model elements design elements referential integrity functional dependency membership IN domain data attribute relation entity integrity association instance value tuple data attribute atomicityremembrance membership OF Representational paradigm or Ontology

32 The Design Process rules of thumb Traditional patterns Stakeholder intensions requirement elements model elements design elements referential integrity functional dependency membership IN domain data attribute relation entity integrity association instance value tuple data attribute atomicityremembrance membership OF Representational paradigm or Ontology Resulting Design Elements

33 The Design Process rules of thumb Traditional patterns Stakeholder intensions requirement elements model elements design elements referential integrity functional dependency membership IN domain data attribute relation entity integrity association instance value tuple data attribute atomicityremembrance membership OF Representational paradigm or Ontology Resulting Design Elements

34 The Design Process Choice Property-Driven Design Principles Stakeholder intensions requirement elements model elements design elements referential integrity functional dependency membership IN domain data attribute relation entity integrity association instance value tuple data attribute atomicityremembrance membership OF Representational paradigm or Ontology Resulting Design Elements

35 1 Choice Property Stepwise Refinement 2 Cohesion 3 Encapsulation 4 Extensibility 5 Modularization 6 Correctness 7 Transparency 8 Composition of Function 9 Identity 10 Scale 11 User Friendliness 12 Patterns 13 Programmability These choice properties propose a coherent, descriptive language including: a vocabulary for describing and comparing aspects of system components and structures, and design actions to guide design choices leading to desirable system characteristics. 14 Reliability 15 Elegance

36 1 Choice Property Stepwise Refinement Modeling Action elaborate Action Rendition develop or present (a theory, policy, or system) in detail 2 Cohesion factor express as a product of factors 3 Encapsulation encapsulate enclose the essential features of something succinctly by a protective coating or membrane 4 Extensibility extend render something capable of expansion in scope, effect, or meaning 5 Modularization modularize employing or involving a module or modules as the basis of design or construction 6 Correctness align put (things) into correct or appropriate relative positions 7 Transparency expose reveal the presence of (a quality or feeling) 8 Composition of Function assemble fit together the separate component parts of (a machine or other object) 9 Identity identify establish or indicate who or what (someone or something) is 10 Scale focus 11 User Friendliness (of a person or their eyes) adapt to the prevailing level of light [abstraction] and become able to see clearly accommodate fit in with the wishes or needs of 12 Patterns pattern give a regular or intelligible form to 13 Programmability generalize make or become more widely or generally applicable 14 Reliability normalize 15 Elegance coordinate make something more normal, which typically means conforming to some regularity or rule bring the different elements of (a complex activity or organization) into a that will ensure efficiency or harmony

37 1 Choice Property Stepwise Refinement Modeling Action elaborate 2 Cohesion factor defining tuples: cogent, unambiguous: reality patterned thru attributes 3 Encapsulation encapsulate 4 Extensibility extend complex information realized through associations 5 Modularization modularize 6 Correctness align normalization, entity and referential integrity supporting intention fidelity 7 Transparency expose data attribute values revealing transparent integrity 8 Composition of Function assemble 9 Identity identify entity integrity disambiguating identity and capacitating association 10 Scale focus distilling the extension of the reality through the intention of the model 11 User Friendliness accommodate Action Rendition Through Relational Modeling defining and elaborating intention first through independent correctness then through collections of relations defining tuples: individually "truthful;" reality independently encapsulated thru attributes knowledge subdivided and compartmentalized; assuring extension based upon intention through normalization relational operators guarded by integrity constraints expressing the distilled content revealing correctness transparently thru the elegant simplicity of individual relations 12 Patterns pattern predictable form realized thru mathematically consistent relations 13 Programmability generalize elegant recursion thru the closure of relational operations 14 Reliability normalize easily verifiable synchronization between intention and extension 15 Elegance coordinate eliminating structural redundancy enabling almost endless composition by encapsulating s based upon identity

38 design quality across the system models implementation threshold expectation mindset

39 design quality across the system models implementation threshold expectation mindset Choice Property-Driven Design Principles

40 design quality across the system models implementation hardware & software architecture threshold interfaces expectation requirements engineering & specification mindset object oriented systems think Choice Property-Driven Design Principles

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43 Leslie J. Waguespack Waguespack How is it that one system is more effective, appealing, satisfying and/or more beautiful than another to its stakeholder community? This question drove Christopher Alexander s fifty-year quest to explain great physical architecture and give birth to pattern-languages for building that underpin much of modern systems engineering. How is it that so many individual stakeholders consistently recognize the same quality, the same beauty in a system? This question led George Lakoff to research the role of conceptual metaphor in human understanding. What is essential to stakeholders satisfaction with systems? Fred Brooks addressed this question in No Silver Bullet: Essence and Accidents of Software Engineering. This monograph fuses these diverse streams of thought in proposing Thriving Systems Theory by translating Alexander s properties of physical design quality into the abstract domain of information systems and modeling. Metaphor-Driven Modeling incorporates the theory while examining its impact throughout the system life cycle: modeling, design and deployment. The result is holistic and innovative, a perspective on system quality invaluable to students, practitioners and researchers of software and systems engineering. Les Waguespack is a computer science Ph.D., professor and chairperson of computer information systems at Bentley University, USA. Dr. Waguespack s experience as programmer, software engineer, software architect, database architect, project manager and systems consultant underpins 35 years of teaching and research, the last 20+ years teaching object-oriented modeling and systems engineering to undergraduates, graduate students and practicing professionals. ISBN springer.com Thriving Systems Theory and Metaphor-Driven Modeling Thriving Systems Theory and Metaphor-Driven Modeling Waguespack Thriving Systems Theory and Metaphor-Driven Modeling