Introduction to Computer Networks
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1 Introduction to Computer Networks Tian Song ( 嵩天 ), Ph.D., Assoc. Prof. songtian@bit.edu.cn
2 Introduction to Computer Networks DNS, FTP and Mail Tian Song ( 嵩天 ), Ph.D., Assoc. Prof. songtian@bit.edu.cn
3 Outline DNS FTP Mail 3
4 Application Layer It is a really useful layer to the users! Users do really care about this layer! 4
5 DNS Question: Domain Name System Taking as an example, which do you prefer: or, Answer: DNS: easy remember / human readable token / string ip 5
6 DNS Overview: A hierarchical, domain based naming scheme Distributed database system mapping names to IP Question: 1 : 1 Hostname IP n : 1 1 : n 6
7 DNS A domain name is a path from a leaf node up to the root. A domain is a sub tree in the domain name space. 7
8 DNS gtld: generic Top Level Domain by ICANN 8
9 DNS gtld: generic Top Level Domain by ICANN 9
10 DNS cctld: country code Top Level Domain.us : United States, 美国.cn : China, 中国.ca : Canada, 加拿大.co : Colombia, 哥伦比亚.cm : Cameroon, 喀麦隆.tv : Tuvalu, 图瓦鲁.cv : Cape Verde, 佛得角 some demos 10
11 DNS Domain Names: 51 series: 51job / 51buy / 51date / Cybersquatting ( 域名抢注 ): Youkoo > Youku zol.com 11 kooxoo.com > kuxun.com
12 DNS Root DNS Servers com DNS servers org DNS servers edu DNS servers yahoo.com DNS servers amazon.com DNS servers pbs.org DNS servers poly.edu umass.edu DNS serversdns servers Client wants IP for 1 st approx: Client queries a root server to find com DNS server Query com DNS server, get amazon.com DNS server Client queries amazon.com DNS server to get IP address for 12
13 DNS 13 root nameservers worldwide 10 in USA, 3 in Stockholm, Amsterdam and Tokyo 13
14 DNS once (any) name server learns mapping, it caches mapping 14
15 DNS whois Windows: whois 15
16 FTP: File Transfer Protocol TCP control connection port 21 FTP client TCP data connection port 20 FTP server (1) PASV vs. PORT (2) Why are two ports used in FTP? 16
17 is very important now. is one facet of modern culture. 17
18 18
19 Architecture 19
20 Three major components: >User agents >Mail servers >SMTP simple mail transfer protocol mail server SMTP mail server user agent user agent SMTP SMTP user agent outgoing message queue mail server user mailbox user agent user agent user agent 20
21 Mail Format header lines, e.g., To: From: Subject: header body blank line body the message, ASCII characters only 21
22 Mail Format RFC
23 MIME MIME: multimedia mail extension MIME version method used to encode data multimedia data type, subtype, parameter declaration encoded data From: To: Subject: Picture of yummy crepe. MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 Content-Type: image/jpeg base64 encoded data base64 encoded data 23
24 MIME 24
25 25
26 SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Question: What kind of connection does it require? Answer: TCP + ASCII chat 26
27 SMTP 27
28 28
29 Access Protocol user agent SMTP SMTP access protocol user agent sender s mail server receiver s mail server Push & Pull based Communication POP3, then IMAP: POP3: Post Office Protocol v3 IMAP: Internet Message Access Protocol 29
30 Conclusion DNS FTP Mail 30
31 End This page is intended blank. 31
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