Man in the middle attack on TextSecure Signal. David Wind IT SeCX 2015
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1 Man in the middle attack on TextSecure Signal David Wind IT SeCX 2015
2 $ whoami David Wind Information Security Master University of Applied Science St. Pölten Working for XSEC infosec GmbH since last year
3 Mobile messengers
4 History...
5
6
7 Everything good, right? Source:
8 Source:
9 Source:
10 Everything good, right?
11 NOPE... No usable way to verify, if end to end encryption is used No way to verify each other Still closed source software
12 History The end
13 Scenario Don't expect a 0day Certificate Pinning has to be bypassed MITM the first key exchange Otherwise an error message occurs
14 Certificate Pinning bypass scenarios Compromised TS Server SSL/TLS vulnerability??
15 Verify your contacts!! (compare public key hashes via secure channel)
16 SIGNAL
17
18 Signal End to end encrypted messaging Asynchronous messaging Axolotl ratchet Open source :)
19 Synchron vs. Asynchron messaging...?
20 Synchron messaging OTR Other party has to be online for key exchange Not good for unreliable connections
21 Asynchron messaging Signal Uses so called prekeys User is able to calculate a secret even if the other party is offline
22 What about those prekeys?
23 Signal prekeys Prekey = key exchange message Asymmetric ephemeral key pairs (Curve25519) Indexed by a prekeyid
24 Signal registration
25 Alice TS (1) Request verification code (2) 200 OK (3) Verify account (4) 204 OK (5) Upload prekeys (6) 204 OK (7) Register with GCM (8) Get GCM regid (9) GCM regid & authentication (10) 204 OK (11) Upload hashed contacts (12) Return contacts & their properties GCM
26
27 Send a message
28 Alice TS (1) Request prekey for Bob (2) Prekey of Bob (200 OK) Calculate triple-dh (secret) Calculate kenc and kmac for message encryption Encrypt and MAC message using kenc and kmac (3) Send message (4) 200 OK
29 TS Bob GCM Check regid Encrypt message again Calculate MAC over the message (5) Send message (6) Receive message Bob checks MAC Calculates decryption keys Decrypt message
30 Calculate secret (Alice) Concatenation of at least 3 DH operations Bob's SignedPreKey (Public) Alice's IdentityKey (Private) Alice's BaseKey (Private) If present: Bob's OneTimePreKey (Public)
31 How to MITM?
32 Source: Attack the prekey exchange!
33 MITM setup 3 Smartphones 2 client phones 1 attacker phone CM 11 (Android 4.4.4) Android SSL Trustkiller (needs root) Mitmproxy + custom inline script Small Python HTTP server + DB
34 Alice Mallory Bob Wants to exchange a key with Bob Stores ID of Mallory as Bob's Returns prekey-bundle X of Mallory Wants to exchange a key with Alice Returns prekey-bundle Y of Mallory Hacker Stores ID of Mallory as Alice's
35 Mallory = Proxy + TS Application Alice Mallory TS GCM (1) Alice requests a prekey for Bob Hacker (1) (2) TS sends a prekey for Bob (3) Mallory (Proxy) modifies response (4) Alice receives modified response (3) (4) Bob (2) (5) Alice sends message (5) (6) (7) (6) Mallory (Proxy) modifies request (8) (7) TS receives modified request (8) TS Delivers message (10) (9) (9) Mallory (App) receives message (11) (10) Mallory (App) creates new message (11) Mallory (App) forwards message (12) (13) (12) TS Delivers message (13) Bob receives message Source:
36 Wait for prekey request Wait for message to be send requestnewprekey() Spoof origin If sender!= attacker false Exchange with attacker prekey true Change message recipient Deliver Message Intercept prekeys Intercept messages
37
38 Automated attack 1. Proxy saves source, destination, timestamp to DB 2. Modified TS App gets destination from DB 3. Create new message and update data in DB 4. Proxy intercepts new message and gets source + auth from DB 5. Proxy forwards message 6. Have fun!
39 Proxy Android Application SQL-DB HTTP Server (1) Message (2) Source, destination, timestamp (3) Forward message (4) Get destination (5) Query for destination (6) Destination (7) Destination (8) Update data (9) Update table (10) Send message (11) Get source (12) Source number (13) Get Basic Authentication (14) Basic Authentication (15) Forward
40 DEMO time!
41 Conclusion Verify each other!!!! Verification status should be visible (Threema, Jabber, ) But... use it!
42 Thank Source:
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