Chapter 19a Pronominal Suffixes Introduction

Transcription

1 Chapter 19a Pronominal Suffixes Introduction You already know that when a pronoun is the direct object of a verb, it is commonly attached to the definite direct object marker א ת.נוּ).(י שׁ מ ר There is, however, another way of indicating this grammatical construction. The pronoun may also be added directly to the verb as a.(י שׁ מ ר נוּ) pronominal suffix he will keep us י שׁ מ ר א ת.נוּ he will keep us י שׁ מ ר נוּ he judged you שׁ פ ט א ת ך he judged you שׁ פ,ט ך

2 Chapter 19b Pronominal Suffixes Reviewing Type 1 Suffixes In general, verbs use Type 1 pronominal suffixes with an objective translation value. Type 1 Type 1 Objective Suffixes Alternate Translation 1cs נ י ב י me 2ms ך you 2fs ך you 3ms הוּ וֹ him (it) 3fs ה הּ her (it) 1cp נוּ us 2mp כ ם you 2fp כ ן you 3mp ם ה ם them 3fp ן ה ן them

3 Chapter 19c Pronominal Suffixes Suffixes Attached to the Qal Perfect 3ms Qal Perfect 3ms Translation 1cs קט ל. נ י he killed me 2ms קט>ל ך he killed you 2fs קט ל ך he killed you 3ms קט לוֹ he killed him (it) 3fs קט ל הּ he killed her (it) 1cp קט ל. נוּ he killed us 2mp קט>ל כ ם he killed you 2fp קט,ל כ ן he killed you 3mp קט ל ם he killed them 3fp קט ל ן he killed them

4 Chapter 19d Pronominal Suffixes The Spelling of the Qal Perfect with Pronominal Suffixes Qal Perfect Without Suffixes Qal Perfect Before Suffixes ק ט ל ק ט ל 3ms ק ט ל.ת ק,ט ל ה 3fs 2ms ק ט ל תּ. ק ט.ל תּ ק ט ל תּ.י ק ט ל תּ 2fs ק ט ל תּ.י ק ט.ל תּ י 1cs ק ט ל.וּ ק,ט לוּ 3cp 2mp 2fp 1cp ק ט ל נ<וּ קט ל תּ ם קט ל תּ ן ק ט.ל נוּ

5 Chapter 19e Pronominal Suffixes Understanding the Process of Adding Suffixes to Qal Perfect Verbs she (it) found us מ צ א.ת נוּ נוּ + (מ צ א.ת) מ,צ א ה 1. you knew him י דע תּוֹ וֹ + (י דע תּ.) י ד.ע תּ 2. (it) I gave her נ ת תּ.יה ה + (נ ת תּ.י) נ ת.תּ י.3 You gave her (it) they surrounded me ס ב ב.נ י נ י + (ס ב ב. ) ס,ב בוּ.4 we knew them י דע נוּם ם + (י דע נ<וּ) י ד.ע נוּ 5.

6 Chapter 19f Pronominal Suffixes Nun-Suffixes with the Imperfect There are three additional suffixes that occur on the Imperfect with some frequency. These suffixes may be called Nun-suffixes because of their distinctive forms. Type 1 Nun- Suffix Suffix Example Translation ב.ךּ ך 2ms ב.נּוּ הוּ/וֹ 3ms he will capture you י ל כּ ד. ךּ he will capture him י ל כּ ד. נּוּ 3fs he will capture her י ל כּ ד. נּ ה ב.נּ ה ה /ב הּ

7 Chapter 19g Pronominal Suffixes The Spelling of the Qal Imperfect with Pronominal Suffixes Qal Imperfect Qal Imperfect Without Suffixes Before Suffixes 3ms י קט ל י קט ל 3fs תּ קט ל תּ קט ל 2ms תּ קט ל תּ קט ל 2fs תּ קט ל י תּ קט ל י 1cs א קט ל א קט ל 3mp י קט לוּ י קט לוּ תּ קט. ל נ ה 3fp תּ קט לוּ תּ קט לוּ 2mp תּ קט. ל נ ה 2fp נ קט ל נ קט ל 1cp

8 Chapter 19h Pronominal Suffixes Understanding the Process of Adding Suffixes to Qal Imperfect Verbs he will kill him י קט ל הוּ הוּ + י קט ל 1. he will observe you י שׁ מ ר ך ך + י שׁ מ ר 2. he will send you י שׁ ל ח ך ך + י שׁ ל ח 3. he will see her י רא.נּ ה ב.נּ ה + 4. י רא ה

9 Chapter 19i Pronominal Suffixes Adding Suffixes to the Qal Imperative 1. The Imperative 2ms form קט ל is spelled ק ט ל (with Qamets Hatuf) before a pronominal suffix. + ם שׁ מ ר them! (You) observe שׁ מ רם + נ י שׁ פ ט me! (You) judge שׁ פ ט נ י 2. The Imperative 2fs ( קט ל י) and 2mp,( קט לוּ) both ending in a vowel, do not change before a pronominal suffix. + ם תּ פ שׂוּ them! (You) seize תּ פ שׂוּם + נ י ד רשׁוּ me! (You) seek ד רשׁוּנ י 3. Imperatives with a Pathach stem vowel (שׁ מ ע) lengthen Pathach to Qamets (שׁ מ ע) before pronominal suffixes. + נ י שׁ מ ע me! (You) hear שׁ מ ע נ י + הּ גּ א ל (it)! (You) redeem her גּ א ל הּ

10 Chapter 19j Pronominal Suffixes Parsing When parsing verbs with pronominal suffixes, you will need to identify the verb and the person, gender and number of the suffix. with 2ms suffix נ ת ן Qal Perfect 1cs נ ת תּ.י ך with 3ms suffix ל כ ד Qal Imperfect 3ms י ל כּ ד. נּוּ

11 Chapter 19k Pronominal Suffixes Advanced Information: Summary of Pronominal Suffixes on the Perfect The following chart includes the basic and most frequently attested spellings of pronominal suffixes on Perfect verbs. In this chart, connecting vowels are included and suffixes are placed in one of two categories: (1) those attached to Perfect forms ending in a consonant; and (2) those attached to Perfect forms ending in a vowel. 1cs Suffixes after Suffixes after Objective Consonant Vowel Translation me נ י ב.נ י/א נ י/נ י 2ms b ך ך/ב ך/ב ך you 2fs ב ך/ב ך ך you 3ms וֹ/ו/הוּ/ב.הוּ הוּ/וֹ him (it) 3fs ב הּ/ב ה ה her (it) 1cp נוּ/ב.נוּ נוּ us 2mp כ ם כ ם you 2fp you 3mp ם ב ם/ב ם them 3fp ן ב ן them

12 Chapter 19l Pronominal Suffixes Advanced Information: Summary of Pronominal Suffixes on the Imperfect The following chart includes the basic and most frequently attested spellings of pronominal suffixes on Imperfect verbs. In this chart, connecting vowels are included. Type 1 Suffixes Nun-Suffixes Objective with Imperfect with Imperfect Translation 1cs נ י/ב.נ י/ב.נ י ב.נּ י 2ms ך/ב ך/ב ך/ב ך b ב.ךּ me you 2fs ך/ב ך you 3ms 3fs 1cp ב.נּוּ ב.נּ ה ב.נּוּ הוּ/ב.הוּ ב הּ/ב.ה /ה נוּ/ב.נוּ him (it) her (it) 2mp ב כ ם you 2fp you 3mp ם/ב ם them 3fp ב ן them us