OMG: The Home of Modelling Standards. Andrew Watson OMG Technical Director

Transcription

1 OMG: The Home of Andrew Watson OMG Technical Director

2 A successful forum for creating open integration standards in the computer industry - Platforms: BPMN, SBVR, UML, DDS & related work - Domain: Finance, C4I, Healthcare, Government, etc. An industrial consortium with vendor and user members - Implementation must be available from OMG member Interfaces freely available to all - Visit Decisions taken by members Introducing OMG 2

3 Worldwide Membership Adaptive Dell INRIA No Magic Software AG Adelard LLP EADS JARA Northrop Sparx Appian Eclipse Fndn. Lockheed NTT Data SWIFT Atego EFF Mayo Clinic Open Group Thales Axway EPFL MEGA Oracle Thematix Bloomberg Fujitsu Mentor Gʼics Phast TIBCO Boeing G. Dynamics Microsoft PrismTech Toshiba CA Gen. Electric MID GmbH Red Hat Toyota Camunda HDMA MITRE Rolls-Royce U. Frankfurt Citi HP NARA RTI Unisys Cordys Hitachi NASA Saab Sys. W3C CSC Honda NEC SAP WebRatio Deere & Co. IBM NIST Softeam (200+ more) 3

4 Home of (1) 4

5 Home of (2) Unified Modelling Language (UML) - UML 1.0 published 1997, UML = ISO/IEC 19501: UML 2.0 published 2005, UML = ISO/IEC 19505:2012 Business Process Modelling Notation (BPMN) - BPMN 1.x available since BPMN 2.0 published 2011, BPMN = ISO/IEC 19510:2013 Meta-Object Facility (MOF) - Foundation for all OMG modelling specifications - MOF models exchanged in standard XMI format - MOF 2 & XMI 2 soon to be ISO/IEC standards too Also IFML, UPDM, SBVR, PRR, BMM, SysML,... 5

6 Abstractions (Columns) The Zachman Framework Data What (Things) Function How (Process) Network Where (Location) People Who (People) Time When (Time) Motivation Why (Motivation) Scope (Contextual) Planner Things important to the business Processes the business performs Places where the business operates Organisations linked to the business Events significant to the business Business goals & strategies BMM Perspectives (Rows) Business Model (Conceptual) Owner System Model (Logical) Designer Technology Model (Physical) Builder Semantic Model Logical Data Model CWM Physical Data Model Business Process Model Application Architecture EDOC System Design Business Logistics System Distributed System Architecture UML Technology Architecture Workflow model BPDM/BPMN Human Interface Architecture EDOC Presentation Architecture Master schedule Processing structure MARTE Control Structure Business plan SBVR Business rule model Rule design Detailed Representations (Out-of-Context) Sub-Contractor Data Definition Program Network Architecture Security Architecture Timing definition Rule specification 6

7 OMG at work: Unified Modelling Language Successor to multiplicity of OO A&D notations of early 90s Result of OMG process begun in 1994, completed UML market grew ~20% pa during IT recession By 2008 > 70% of Software Development Orgs used UML - Dozens of tools - UML books, training - Engineer certification - Custom profiles (e.g. UPDM) Standards not a zero-sum game - Standards grow markets 7

8 What is UML? A family of 13 visual modelling notations - All based based on common metadata infrastructure (MOF) - Originally designed to support Object-oriented analysis & design of software systems Two broad classes of diagrams - Those that represent static structure, invariant over time (e.g. class diagram, deployment diagram) - Those representing dynamic behaviour (e.g. activity diagram, use-case diagram, state machine diagram) Class diagrams the most-used in software development (97%) - Represent name, attributes & operations of an OO class (concept), relationships & associations between them 8

9 Example Class diagram 9

10 Adapting UML for other domains: SysML Extended subset of UML for specifying & designing complex systems with hardware, software and human components Developed by OMG with support from INCOSE & ISO AP233 Some new diagram types - Parametric diagram, Requirements diagram Modifies other UML diagram types - Activity Diagrams, Block diagrams Supported by multiple tool vendors Strong uptake in Aerospace & Defence Certification: OMG Certified Systems Modelling Professional 10

11 Why re-purpose UML? UML is increasingly being used in domains outside software development, because: - Class diagrams usable for data modelling in many domains - Ubiquitous tool support - Notation widely-understood (education, certification) Mapping to well-understood, well-supported meta-data infrastructure - Models that underlie diagrams can be processed & manipulated via a variety of tools Standard mechanism for profiling UML for specific domains is already built into the language 11

12 Other standard UML Profiles Outside the software domain - Unified Profile for DoDAF and MODAF (UPDM) - UML Profile for Voice - UML Testing Profile Inside the software domain - UML Profile for CORBA and CCM - UML Profile for DDS - UML Profile & Metamodel for Services (UPMS), aka SoaML - UML Profile for Modelling & Analysis of Real-Time & Embedded systems (MARTE) 12

13 Meta-Object Facility (MOF) Meta-data foundation for all OMG modelling specs - Specifies information model for storing information that underlies UML diagrams ( UML infrastructure ) Essential MOF (EMOF) largely aligned with Eclipse Modelling Framework (EMF) ECore - Complete MOF (CMOF) Eclipse plug-in now also available - Semantic MOF (SMOF) RFP in progress, to help represent real-world data in MOF 13

14 Model Interchange UML models specified using MOF - Standard export format is XMI (XML Metadata Interchange) - Most tools export XMI (in addition to own storage formats) - Lack of testing caused poor tool interoperability in the past OMG Model Interchange Working Group has been testing tools and fixing tool and specification bugs for ~ 6 years - Live 6-way UML2 tool XMI interoperability demo in Oct Sparx Enterprise Architect, Artisan Studio, IBM RSX, No Magic MagicDraw, ModelioSoft Modelio, IBM Rhapsody - Now working on SysML 14

15 Other software modelling specifications Software Process Engineering Metamodel MOF meta-model for software development processes Executable UML Foundation (fuml) - Computationally-complete subset of UML 2 & its semantics Action Language for Foundational UML (ALF) - Concrete syntax for UML Action Language Interaction Flow Modelling Language (IFML) - Expresses UI content, user interaction & control behaviour IFML + fuml + ALF -> model complete executable application 15

16 Business Process Management The key component of a new approach to Business IT Business Process: a sequence of activities performed by people and software systems in order to achieve one of an organisationʼs goals or sub-goals Business Process Management (BPM): a systematic approach to discovering, documenting and continuously improving an organisationʼs business processes - BPM activities seek to make business processes more effective, more efficient, and more capable of adapting to an ever-changing environment 16

17 CHAOS Chronicles: IT project success rates % Succeeded % Challenged % Failed Source: Standish Group 17

18 Business Process Maturity Model (BPMM) Some spectacular IT catastrophes actually stem from the state of the organisation - There are no stable, consistent requirements to be gathered - Target organisationʼs business processes are inconsistent, ad-hoc, not repeatable or deliver hard-to-predict results BPMM - business analogue of CMU Capability Maturity Model (CMM) used by organisations that create software Aims to measure and help improve organisational readiness for technology deployment An OMG standard 18

19 BPMM levels Initial: processes performed in inconsistent, sometimes ad- hoc ways, with results that are difficult to predict Managed: work within local workgroups performed in a repeatable way (but groups may use different procedures) Standardised: common, standard processes created from organisationʼs best practices used across organisation Predictable: process performance measured to control variation; outcomes predictable from intermediate states Innovating: organisations identify gaps between current capability & objective, implement changes to address them 19

20 Business Motivation Model (BMM) Contains and organises business plan elements - Ends: What enterprise wishes to achieve - Means: How enterprise will achieve Ends (strategies, tactics, policies, rules) - Influencers, and assessments of their impact (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats) Framework for modelling business plan before system design - Refers to external process, rule, vocabulary & organisation models defined using other standards (e.g. SBVR, BPMN) 20

21 Business Process Modelling Notation Easy-to-understand syntax for capturing business processes - Standardised, flowchart-like Readable by all stake-holders - Business analysts who create processes, developers who implement software, managers who monitor processes - Common language to bridge the communication gap -... but also precise Aims to unify & grow Business Process Modelling market the way UML unified software modelling market - Single syntax used by multiple vendorsʼ tools 21

22 Most widely-used process standard BPMN Copyright 2010, Business Process Trends Source: 22

23 Business Process Modelling Notation Business Process Modelling Notation Supplier Financial Institution Sales Distribution Authorise credit card + Authorise payment Process order + Pack goods Ship goods 23

24 BPMN history Early 2005: BPMN 1.0 published by BPMI - Exports BPEL to drive process automation engines June 2005: BPMI merged with OMG - First OMG revision (BPMN 1.1) published January BPMN 1.2 revision published January 2009 January 2011: BPMN 2.0 published - Preserves BPMN syntax, introduces formal metamodel - Adopted by ISO/IEC JTC1 as ISO/IEC 19510:2013 June 2013, Berlin: 7 tools from Yaoqiang, Signavio, BoC Group, Trisotech, Camunda Services demonstrate BPMN model Interchange using standard formats 24

25 BPMN ecosystem Complete ecosystem is a symptom of, and a driver for, success: - Specification: freely available, mainly for implementers - Implementations: available from many vendors (& OSS) - Books: how to guides aimed at users, not implementers - Training: available from several established providers - Certification: OMG Certified Expert in BPM - Conferences - Discussion fora, etc, etc BPMN implementations that I know of - There may be more! - See: 25

26 BPMN books 26

27 ... and more books 27

28 OCEB - OMG Certified Expert in BPM Five vendor-neutral exams & Certifications Jointly developed with UML Technology Institute in Japan, available internationally Exams written by 25 BPM experts Testing provided by Pearson Vue OMG publishes directory of certified professionals 28

29 Semantics of Business Vocabulary & Rules MOF metamodel for vocabularies & rules describing business - Formal, precise, unambiguous but easy-to-understand - Based on first-order predicate logic, with limited extensions Two precise, non-normative human-readable text syntaxes - Structured English - RuleSpeak - Business Rule Solutionsʼ established notation Good representation of policies & other requirements 29

30 Structural & Operative Rules Structural rules are definitions of the vocabulary of nonprimitive terms - A Car Hire Customer has at least one of the following: A Reservation An in-progress car hire A car hire completed within the last 5 years Operative Rules are requirements governing the conduct of business activities -... and therefore can be violated by the people involved - A customer who appears drunk must not be given possession of a hire car 30

31 Example Structured English operative rules It is obligatory that each rental car is owned by exactly one branch. Quantifier Fact Type Object Type Modality Object Type Quantifier It is obligatory that at the actual return date/time of each in-country rental and each international inward rental the local area of the return branch of the rental owns the rented car of the rental. 31

32 Other OMG BPM standards Case Management Model & Notation (CMMN) - BPMN 2 extensions to model case management - Maintains case file documents & rules to guide, constrain & support human decision-maker for (e.g.) insurance claim Date-Time Vocabulary - SBVR & ODM vocabulary for very broad time terminology Decision Model and Notation (DMN) - Standardises models of how businesses make decisions, usually as a part of a business process model - Includes standardised representation of decision tables 32

33 Summary OMG develops and maintains the visual modelling standards on which the software industry depends - UML for modelling software artefacts - BPMN for modelling business processes - UML profiles for Systems Engineering, EA, SOA, more... - IFML for modelling User Interfaces - SBVR for modelling Business Rules -... All built on common MOF metaobject framework - Common exchange formats & meta-tools Strong commercial & OSS tool marketplace supported by OMG-regulated Engineer certification 33

34 For more information OMG: Certification: Bug reports: Thank You! 34