Unity Tutorial. Fall /15-666

Transcription

1 Unity Tutorial Fall /15-666

2 Game World model, video, audio, interaction Often like Model-View-Controller Art, mechanics, levels, items, etc.

3 Game Engine World model, video, audio, interaction Often like Model-View-Controller Art, mechanics, levels, items, etc.

4 Unity (and others) Basic world model (2d, 3d) Physics, etc. Video, audio Lighting, materials, reverberation, etc. Input devices Joysticks, keyboard, mouse, controllers Development Tools Software Library Scene graph, math, etc.

5 Unity Assets Art elements of game 3D models Textures Sounds

6 Unity Assets More complex things Shaders Materials Physics materials

7 3D Asset Notes Native import: Maya, Cinema 4D, 3ds Max, Cheetah3D, Modo, Lightwave, Blender Otherwise:.FBX,.dae,.3DS,.dxf and.obj More info on 3d formats supported: Latest version of Blender, 32-bit should work

8 GameObject Scene graph node (and more) Empty GameObject Just an empty node Can add Components to it, which give it abilities in Unity Visible things (models, particles, lights) Invisible spacial things (reverb zone) Also see the Transform attached to every GameObject... this is actually more powerful for traversing the scene graph

9 Component Endows a GameObject with some functionality or feature Physics engine Scripts Rendering features (shadows) Interface for parameters Public variables in script Components become parameters artists can adjust right there in Unity's interface

10 Scripting in Unity Unity scripts can be written in C# or Javascript (or Boo)

11 C# Object oriented Single inheritance Managed memory (garbage collector) References... no pointer stuff (well...) IDisposable interface, Dispose() Compiled to bytecode run by the MS CLR (common language runtime) or MONO (equivalent on *nix)

12 Built-in types Value types: int, float, bool, ulong, char, etc. enums user-defined structs Reference types: object string user-defined classes delegates (anon functions)

13 Properties Your custom types can have properties, which simplify situations where getters and setters would ordinarily be used public float speed { get; protected set; } Also: public float chanceheads { get {return 1.0f this.chancetails;} set {this.chancetails = 1.0f value;} }

14 .Equals() v. == The default implementation of Equals supports reference equality for reference types and bitwise equality for value types. This method can be overridden by a derived class. For example, many of the base data types return true if both objects represent the same value; otherwise, false.

15 .Equals() v. == For predefined value types, the equality operator (==) returns true if the values of its operands are equal, false otherwise. For reference types other than string, == returns true if its two operands refer to the same object. User-defined value types can overload the == operator User-defined reference types too.

16 Equals? ==? Moral of the story: You must check when using.equals or == on objects someone else coded (things in Unity for example). Implement it the way that makes sense for you on your own objects. When some bug is super confusing, consider equality test problems If you overload ==, you must also overload!=

17 Collections Templated / Generic List<string> Dictionary<int, string> KeyValuePair<int, string> Iterating: Dictionary<int, string> dict = new Dictionary<int, string>(); foreach(keyvaluepair<int, string> somekvp in dict) { somekvp.value.foo();}

18 Sorting collections.sort,.orderby, etc. If the element type implements IComparable, it will often just work. Otherwise, you may have to implement the required interfaces yourself in a subclass Or, you can often supply a delegate fuction or Comparer object which describes how to compare elements.

19 Other operations on collections Same idea..min,.sum,.cast<>, etc. Example: (delegate here is delegate type Comparison<MyClass>) class MyClass { int age; } list<myclass> a; a.sort(delegate (MyClass a, MyClass b) {return b.age a.age;});

20 Note about delegates Anonymous functions delegates or lambda-expressions lambda expressions can be more concise & readable delegate (MyClass a, MyClass b) { }...or, as a lambda expression: (a,b)=>{ }

21 Unity & C# using UnityEngine and System.Collections is a good idea. Put code inside a public class with a name that matches the name of the script file (sans extension) Inherits from MonoBehaviour (note the 'u') Use suffixes on literals. 0.0 is a double, 0.0f is a float.

22 Demos I'll create a simple game project from scratch using assets that come with Unity to show that there are no tricks I might try to do part of the old Car Tutorial It seems to have been replaced by the content here in the past couple of years: