Orthographic Service Engineering

Transcription

1 Orthographic Service Engineering 1

2 Contents Orthographic drawing Orthographic software modeling Multi-view manipulation Prototype tool Repository format Current status 2

3 A Simple "Modeling" Metaphor other engineering disciplines have a long and successful tradition of technical drawing orthographic projection so why don't we do this in software engineering? 3

4 Orthographic Projection a long-established technique for depicting physical artifacts in a way which is concise precise intuitive permanent modular scaleable composition-based standardized a suitable metaphor for model driven development? 4

5 The Model versus the "Real Thing" distinction between the model and the "real thing" is clear in other engineering disciplines view (projection) transformation (usually manual) "model" "real thing" 5

6 Traditional "Language" Technology in software, the binary code is the closest we can get to the "real thing" program transformation (usually automatic) "model" Abstract Syntax Tree "real thing" binary code 6

7 Orthographic Software Modeling Name Informal Description representation AccountsButNoRates of software objects {createaccount, deposit, through withdraw, viewaccount several must all be in Euro} <<subject>> noofaccounts : Integer init: 0 independent orthogonal projections Bank createaccount/ setrate ID : String, deposit/ currency : String, amount : Real structural, viewaccount/ functional, behavioral Receives Returns createaccount name : String wdpossible(id withdraw : String, / currency : String, amount : Real) Account : Boolean = noofaccounts let : acc Integer : closeaccount = [noofaccounts > 2]/ 1 manages * accountid : String currencies : String[ self.accounts->select(accountid ] = ID)->asSequence()->first() ownername: String in currencies->includes(currency) bank and accounts amount AccountAandRates > 0 balance : Float createaccount() acc.balance - convertfromto(amount, currency, acc.denom) > acc.limit noofaccounts denom : Integer String:= 0 Changes deposit() account with accountid = ID closeaccount [noofaccounts = 1 ] createaccount/ limit : Float Empty Class Diagram Rules viewaccount() let acc : Account deposit/ withdraw() viewaccount/ = self.accounts->select(accountid = ID)->asSequence()->first() withdraw/ closeaccount() in if currency = acc.denom then closeaccount [noofaccounts > 2]/ setrate() closeaccount [noofaccounts = 1 ] equivalentamount = amount setrate/ converttoeuro/ inv Balance: convertfromto() else convertfromeuro/ self.balance >= limit setrate equivalentamount RatesButNoAccounts = convertfromto(amount, currency, acc.denom) endif software inv Limit: setrate/ Result post: if (wdpossible(id, component self.limit <= 0.0 inv UniqueAccountID: converttoeuro/ currency, amount) then convertfromeuro/ createaccount self.accounts->isunique(accountid) acc.balance = acc.balance@pre - equivalentamount inv UniqueBankName: else Statechart Diagram Bank.allInstances->isUnique(name) acc.balance = acc.balance@pre endif Statechart Diagram Structural Projection Functional projection withdraw An amount of money in a particular currency is withdrawn from an account. Operation Specifications behavioral projection structural projection 7

8 Orthographic Software Modeling mappings are driven by all three model 8

9 White Box vs. Black Box Views black box view white box view 9

10 Bank Component Realization (KobrA) Structural Model Converter Teller createaccount getaccount closeaccount 1 Class Diagram setrate converttoeuro convertfromeuro <<subject>> * Bank accesses * * PersistentAccount 1 deposit withdraw 1 :Teller Account :Converter :Teller :Bank :PersistentAccount Object Diagram Activity Model :Teller :Converter :Account :Bank Interaction Model :Teller getaccount ConvertRequest GetBalance evaluaterequest Balance RequestBalance < Request withdraw (ID, curr, am) : res 1: getaccount(id) : a :Converter :Bank 2: converttoeuro (curr, am) : euro WidthrawCash return True return False Collaboration Activity Diagram Diagrams 4 : [bal > euro] withdraw (euro) : res 3 :getbalance() :bal a : PersistentAccount Collaboration Diagrams :Converter 10

11 White Box vs. Black Box Components black box components white box components 11

12 Orthographic Decomposition views of composite views of component 12

13 Teller Component Specification (KobrA) Structural Model <<subject>> Teller noofaccounts : Integer := 0 createaccount getaccount closeaccount 1 PersistentAccount * accountid : String balance : Float Denom : String Class Diagram Functional Model Name createaccount Informal Description An account is opened in a particular currency for a customer with a particular name, and the Account ID is returned Constraints -- Receives Returns Changes Assumes Result name : String currency:string A String with the ID of the account teller There is an exchange rate for the specified currency A new account with a unique ID in the denomination, currency, has been generated The name of the customer has been stored in account The account ID has been returned Operation Specifications Empty Behavioural Model createaccount closeaccount [noofaccounts = 1 ] HasAccounts noofaccounts : Integer := 0 createaccount/ getaccount/ closeaccount [noofaccounts > 2]/ Statechart Diagram 13

14 Abstraction abstract view concrete (detailed) view 14

15 Aspect-Orientation "orange" aspect elaboration "blue" aspect elaboration 15

16 Projection Example Surface 1 Mag: 0 X-Ray: 0 Filter: None Projection: front Render: UML Cpts: 0 16

17 Projection Example: All Views Displayed Mag: 0 X-Ray: 0 Filter: None Brick Render: UML Cpts: 0 Projection: Front Projection: Side Projection: Variability Projection: Behavioural 17

18 Bank Example Mag: 0 X-Ray: 0 Filter: None Name withdraw Informal An amount of money in a particular currency is withdrawn from an Description account. Constrains -- Receives account:account currency:string amount:float Returns A boolean indicating whether the withdrawal was possible Changes account Assumes -- Result If account or currency are not valid, the operation has been aborted and an exception has been raised. Else if account.balance + account limit >= amount, then account.balance := account.balance amount and true has been returned Otherwise false has been returned. Operation Specifications Projection: Functional Decision Table ID Question Subject Resolution Effect Overdraw yes Limit (default) 1 2 Is a customer allowed to to overdraw his/her account up to a certain limit? Is it an international bank that handles different currencies? Currencies no yes (default) no Resolve structural diagram decision 1: yes Resolve operation spec. w ithdraw decision 1: yes Resolve structural diagram decision 1: no Resolve operation spec. w ithdraw decision 1: no Resolve structural diagram decision 2: yes Resolve operation spec. w ithdraw decision 2: yes Resolve operation spec. w ithdraw decision 3: yes Resolve structural diagram decision 2: no Resolve operation spec. w ithdraw decision 2: no Resolve operation spec. w ithdraw decision 3: no Projection: Variability Bank <<subject>> Bank noofaccounts : Integer := 0 createaccount deposit showaccount withdraw closeaccount setrate converttoeuro convertfromeuro createaccount Empty setrate Render: UML Cpts: 0 manages 1 * Account UserName : String accountid : String balance : Float Denom : String Limit : Float Class Diagram Projection: Strutural AccountsButNoRates {crateaccount, deposit, withdraw, viewaccount must noofaccounts : Integer all be in Euro} createaccount/ setrate deposit/ viewaccount/ withdraw / closeaccount [noofaccounts > 2]/ AccountAandRates noofaccounts : Integer := 0 createaccount/ closeaccount [noofaccounts = 1 ] deposit/ viewaccount/ withdraw/ closeaccount [noofaccounts > 2]/ closeaccount [noofaccounts = 1 ] setrate/ converttoeuro/ convertfromeuro/ RatesButNoAccounts setrate/ converttoeuro/ convertfromeuro/ Statechart Diagram createaccount Projection: Behavioural 18

19 Bank Example: Structural View Bank Mag: 0 X-Ray: 0 Filter: None Proj.: struc. Render: UML Cpts: 0 <<subject>> Bank noofaccounts : Integer := 0 createaccount() deposit() viewaccount() withdraw() closeaccount() setrate() converttoeuro() convertfromeuro() 1 manages * Account accountid : String ownername: String balance : Float denom : String Limit : String 19

20 Component Modeling Tool Support AFD test XMI cases OpSpec code RegEx software component UML classes Java source Behavior 20

21 Ideal World SMM UML classes Java source Behavior 21

22 Pragmatic Solution SMM test cases code UML classes Java source Behavior 22

23 Artifact Navigation AFD XMI OpSpec RegEx test cases code UML classes Java source Behavior 23

24 Component Oriented Navigation Component Bank Converter change() set() Teller. Abstraction Specification Realization Implementation Projection Structural Functional Behavioural QoS. Cell Perspectives Taxonomy UML class diagram Component Description 24

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27 OMG Four Layer Model 27

28 Orthographic Classification Architecture L 2 The MOF Language Definition Classifer O 2 O 1 The UML rules O o Class Instance "knowledge" -patterns L 1 Person Model Profession instanceof Professor instanceof Prof. Smith L 0 System or world [Atkinson and Kuehne, 1996 ] 28

29 Java OCL (JOCL) A professor should only teach students at his university association Class University name Professor attribute OCL JOCL Full University Java implementation of OCL Student Professor Course name invocable within Java code or from the command line via BeanShell scripting engine inv: Student self.course.student.university->asset(). Course including(self.university)->asset()->size() = 1 Groningen uniformly applicable Smith across all levels UofG self.navigate("course").navigate("student"). supports navigate("university").asset().including(self. realization of dynamic OCL features navigate("university")).asset().size() == 1 Jones SE S M M 29

30 Repository Representation Format Level 2 Field Class Association Level 1 Professor Root University name Professor University Level 0 Prof. Smith Groningen name U of G Professor University 30

31 AST and Surface Syntax Mismatch Association 2 Association End employs University University employs Professor Model as instances Model as types Groningen Smith 31

32 Uniform Syntax Class Connection OCL frame constraints University employs Professor Groningen employs Prof. Smith 32

33 Current Editors and Visualizers Projection Structural Functional Behavioral Abstraction Specification UML class diagram taxonomy component description operation specification activity template UML state chart regular expression Realization UML class diagram UML interaction diagram UML activity diagram Implementation source code view Dimensions Composition, Abstraction, Projection, Version, Product Line, Metalevel,. 33

34 IDE Status (Aristaflow Project) Completed basic framework calls editors Component CRUD In Progress persistence (bug fixes) GUI improvements to ease navigation To Do create dimensions, create perspectives dynamically documentation distributable packaging synthesizers and checkers 34

35 Further Information Web Pages swt.informatik.uni-mannheim.de Contact 35