Visual Modeling with UML 2

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2 Student Manual: Copyright Evanetics, Inc. All rights reserved. Companies, names and data used in examples and exercises herein are fictitious unless otherwise noted. No part of these materials may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, for any purpose, without the express written permission of Evanetics, Inc. Product and company names mentioned herein are the trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. Copyright Evanetics, Inc. All Rights Reserved Visual Modeling with UML 2 Page - 2

3 Table of Contents Course Introduction The Value of this Course Course Objectives Introduction to Classes & Objects UML Overview The 13 Diagrams The five Core UML Diagrams UML Use Case Diagram Diagram Example Student Exercise UML Class Diagram UML Class Diagram Relationships Association Aggregation Composition Diagram Example Student Exercise Inheritance Diagram Example Student Exercise The UML Behavioral Diagrams UML Sequence Diagram Diagram Example Student Exercise UML State Machine Diagram Diagram Example Student Exercise UML Activity Diagram Diagram Example Student Exercise Wrapup References UML 2 Notation Reference Copyright Evanetics, Inc. All Rights Reserved Visual Modeling with UML 2 Page - 3

6 UML Class Relationships Objects specialize in what they do, so objects need to have relationships with other objects to get work done in an application UML defines four basic types of class relationships: Association Aggregation Composition Inheritance Copyright Evanetics, Inc. All Rights Reserved Visual Modeling with UML 2 Page - 6

8 Relationship 1 : Association Is the simplest relationship: a loosely-coupled relationship Use association when one class simply knows about or uses the services of another class And there are not any other constraints such as owns or manages the other class Association is inherently bi-directional in analysis modeling Notation: A solid line connecting the two classes in the relationship The association line may carry an association name (i.e., a caption) describing the nature of the association Association name may carry an ordering triangle to aid reading Association name Bank serves Association line Ordering triangle Customer owns Account Copyright Evanetics, Inc. All Rights Reserved Visual Modeling with UML 2 Page - 8

9 Plurality is Shown By Multiplicity Plurality is not shown by making the class name plural: Person works for Companies It is shown by special multiplicity symbols which indicate How many objects of that class are associated with one object of this class Copyright Evanetics, Inc. All Rights Reserved Visual Modeling with UML 2 Page - 9

10 UML Multiplicity Notation One object of the class Person: Person works for 1 Company 1 and only 1 Company Person works for 0..1 Company 0 or 1 Company Person works for 0..* Company 0 or more Companies Person works for 1..* Company 1 or more Companies Person works for 1..3, 5 Company 1,2,3 or 5 Companies (numerically specified) Copyright Evanetics, Inc. All Rights Reserved Visual Modeling with UML 2 Page - 10

11 Reading Associations with Multiplicity Read multiplicity this way: 1. An instance (object) of the class Bank 2. Serves 3. Zero or more 4. Instances of the class Customer Bank 1..* serves 0..* Customer 4. Instances of the class Bank 3. One or more 2. Is served by 1. An instance of the class Customer Copyright Evanetics, Inc. All Rights Reserved Visual Modeling with UML 2 Page - 11

12 Simultaneous Associations Classes can support multiple, simultaneous associations is scholarship sponsor for 1 0..* is Board 0..1 Chairman of 1 Corporation Person 0..* 1..* employs Let s use this diagram to practice reading a UML class diagram Copyright Evanetics, Inc. All Rights Reserved Visual Modeling with UML 2 Page - 12

15 Relationship 2 : Aggregation (or Shareable Aggregation) The whole-part or is-made-of relationship Is a stronger relationship than association Notation: A clear diamond touching the class box that is an aggregate of other objects The relationship line leads from the diamond to the part classes Multiplicity and other constraints still apply Telephone Handset Ringer Aggregation can be nested TouchPad NumberKey Aggregation symbol 2 LinePort Copyright Evanetics, Inc. All Rights Reserved Visual Modeling with UML 2 Page - 15

16 Relationship 2 : Aggregation Use aggregation when: You want to indicate that the whole owns or manages the parts, and You do not intend to link the lifetimes of the whole and the parts, and You want to be able to remove or replace parts, or You want to be able to share parts across multiple wholes Music Group 0..* 0..* Musician Mathematical Expression 0..* 1..* Term Example: y =13 + x y = 2x 4 Copyright Evanetics, Inc. All Rights Reserved Visual Modeling with UML 2 Page - 16

17 Relationship 3 : Composition (or Composite Aggregation) The is composed of relationship The whole has a unique property: a strong ownership of the parts The lifetime of the part is directly linked to the lifetime of the whole 1 Composition symbol Nervous System Human Body Notation: A black diamond touching the composite class box Multiplicity and other constraints still apply Musculo-Skeletal System Circulatory System Reproductive System Pulmonary System Copyright Evanetics, Inc. All Rights Reserved Visual Modeling with UML 2 Page - 17

18 Composition What is Unique About It? a) The multiplicity of the whole side may not exceed one b) If the whole is destroyed, then all of the parts are also destroyed UML linkage of lifetimes If the whole is destroyed, all composition parts will be destroyed If one or more parts are destroyed the whole may/may not be destroyed If whole dies... InsurancePolicy??? (undefined) 1..* 0..* the parts die. Coverage Rider If a part dies... Copyright Evanetics, Inc. All Rights Reserved Visual Modeling with UML 2 Page - 18

19 Example Class Relationships Here is a class diagram for a Vehicle Rental system (no operations or attributes shown) CustomerProfile 0..1 VehicleInventory * Vehicle is reserved by Reservation is responsible for Customer 1 0..* 0..* 1 0..* is applied to RentalLocation 0..* ProtectionProduct 0..1 AwardProgram Copyright Evanetics, Inc. All Rights Reserved Visual Modeling with UML 2 Page - 19

20 Exercise Class Relationships Small Group Exercise Construct a class diagram for a portion of a university system A course is offered in multiple course offerings. Each course offering has a maximum of one instructor, but may not have any instructor assigned. A given instructor may teach no course offerings, or many course offerings. A given student enrolls in multiple course offerings, and a given course offering has multiple students enrolled in it. Pair-up with one other person to do this exercise You will choose among association, aggregation and composition relationships Do not show attributes or operations for this exercise If you get stuck, the course answer is on page 2 of the Answers Section. Estimate: 20 mins. Copyright Evanetics, Inc. All Rights Reserved Visual Modeling with UML 2 Page - 20

23 Sequence Diagram Intent The UML Sequence diagram» Captures how objects interact to carry out the work of a scenario or use case Merges the process information from a use case or other process specification, with the classes on our class diagrams Sequence Diagram Example & Anatomy See the following slide Copyright Evanetics, Inc. All Rights Reserved Visual Modeling with UML 2 Page - 23

24 Sequence Diagram Example & Anatomy Scenario Script Object Object Lifeline Scenario: Return book with no penalties Librarian indicates an item is being returned. System finds item and checks if it is overdue. It is not overdue. System updates item status to checked-in, and removes item from borrower s liability. System informs librarian the item has been checkedin. Time Librarian Return message 1: return(item) 11: done :Item 2: book=retrieve(item) 3: :ItemCatalog :Book :Borrower 4: return 10: Object Destroyed 6: checkin 7: X Messages 5: overdue? 8: remove(book) 9: Copyright Evanetics, Inc. All Rights Reserved Visual Modeling with UML 2 Page - 24

25 Sequence Diagram When do I develop this diagram? The sequence diagram is developed throughout a project, usually in both analysis and design versions Why would I develop this diagram? A Sequence Diagram integrates the process information from a use case with the classes and relationships from a class diagram To explore and illustrate how objects in your system interact to carry out the system s use cases To verify your classes have the proper responsibilities within your system Who should develop this diagram? Business Analyst, Object modeler, Designer, Architect Copyright Evanetics, Inc. All Rights Reserved Visual Modeling with UML 2 Page - 25

26 Example Sequence Diagram Here is the process-flow we will use to build our sequence diagram Steps to follow: Actor asks system to create a new reservation Reservation obtains information on known passenger Reservation obtains flight information (airports, dates) and presents matching flights Actor selects a flight Reservation obtains & presents available seats on the flight Actor selects seat & class of travel Reservation computes its cost & obtains passenger approval Reservation assigns passenger to selected seat Reservation obtains payment Copyright Evanetics, Inc. All Rights Reserved Visual Modeling with UML 2 Page - 26

Exercise Sequence Diagram Small Group Exercise Construct a sequence diagram for Mailing a letter A postal customer buys stamps for her letter from a mail clerk, then mails the letter by handing

A letter sorter gets the letter from the bin, determines the delivery Zip code, and forwards the letter to the appropriate delivery route.

28 Exercise Sequence Diagram Small Group Exercise Construct a sequence diagram for Mailing a letter A postal customer buys stamps for her letter from a mail clerk, then mails the letter by handing it to the mail clerk. The mail clerk verifies the postage is adequate, and then places the letter into a holding bin. A letter sorter gets the letter from the bin, determines the delivery Zip code, and forwards the letter to the appropriate delivery route. Extra Credit: Show the interactions if the customer requests a delivery confirmation. Legend: Treat all underlined words as actors or classes. If you get stuck, the course answer is on page 4 of the Answers Section. Estimate: 20 mins. Copyright Evanetics, Inc. All Rights Reserved Visual Modeling with UML 2 Page - 28

Modeling with UML. (1) Use Case Diagram. (2) Class Diagram. (3) Interaction Diagram. (4) State Diagram

Modeling with UML. (1) Use Case Diagram. (2) Class Diagram. (3) Interaction Diagram. (4) State Diagram Modeling with UML A language or notation intended for analyzing, describing and documenting all aspects of the object-oriented software system. UML uses graphical notations to express the design of software