Java Programming Layout

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1 Java Programming Layout Alice E. Fischer Feb 22, 2013 Java Programming - Layout... 1/14

2 Application-Stage-Scene-Pane Basic GUI Construction Java Programming - Layout... 2/14

3 Application-Stage-Scene Application Window. Stage Scenes (0,0) Java Programming - Layout... 3/14

4 The Application Window When you create a program by extending Application, Java will open a window for you. The application window has a title bar and a content area called the Stage. A pointer to the Stage is delivered to your program as a parameter to the required start( Stage st ) method. You should set a title for the window. st.settitle("smile"); Your program must construct one or more Scenes and put the initial Scene on the Stage: st.setscene(sn); The initial scene becomes visible when you execute st.show(). Later, you can set a different scene on the stage. Java Programming - Layout... 4/14

5 Scenes and Panes Scene Smaller Panes Hbox BorderPane Pane Vbox Java Programming - Layout... 5/14

6 Creating the Scene You should create one or more Scenes in the buildgui() function To begin, you need a pane that will be used to construct the Scene. This is how the size of the content window is set: Scene sn = new Scene( mainpane, 300,300 ); If you want to do nothing more than display an image in the scene, you only need one pane. However, if you want controls (buttons, checkboxes, etc.) or text input and output areas, you will need additional panes to organize them. To build a GUI, you define panes for these widgets and pack them into bigger panes. Some panes will be invisible. When they are all packed into the first pane, the pane is ready to use to create a Scene. Java Programming - Layout... 6/14

7 Panes inside Panes I can put shapes in a Pane I also want a Pane for buttons. To build it I need two sub-panes and an invisible Pane: Go Stop Go Stop Java Programming - Layout... 7/14

8 Scene-Pane All of my panes need to be packed into a single large pane that is then used to construct the Scene. Go Stop Go Stop Java Programming - Layout... 8/14

9 Layouts Panes come with several different layout rules: Pane: No layout is included. Use this for displaying shapes with coordinates. BorderPane: It has four areas into which you can put a smaller pane. VBox: Use to align buttons in a vertical column. HBox: Use to align buttons in a row. GridPane: Use column and row coordinates to place smaller widgets in its grid. FlowPane: The widgets are placed into the pane left-to-right, and top-to-bottom. A new row is started if the next widget is too wide to fit on the current row. Java Programming - Layout... 9/14

10 Pane : Smile, Caterpillar Pane cartoonpane = new Pane(); Use a simple pane when the contents will all have coordinates. You can usually put the graphic elements into the pane all at once: cartoonpane.getchildren(). addall( face, lefteye, righteye, smile ); In an animation, you may want to put some elements in later. In Caterpillar, this is done after the animation ends: image.getchildren().addall( a1, eye ); You may want to put elements in one at a time, as we do here with the segments of the caterpillar: for( Circle seg: raupe) image.getchildren().add( seg ); Java Programming - Layout... 10/14

11 BorderPane : Smile BorderPane mainpane = new BorderPane(); With a BorderPane, panes may be placed in 5 positions, Top, Bottom, Left, Right, and Center mainpane.settop( controlpane ); mainpane.setcenter( cartoonpane ); Panes on the top and bottom will expand to fill the entire width of the larger pane. Panes on the left and right will expand until they reach the top and bottom panes, or the edge of the pane. A Center pane expands in all directions until it hits a top, bottom, left, or right pane. Java Programming - Layout... 11/14

12 HBox: Smile, Tree HBox demo = new HBox(); Use an HBox when you want two or more widgets side by side. In Tree, an HBox is used for the two main panes: Small panes go into a larger pane in the order they are listed: demo.getchildren().addall(imagepane, colorpane); The spacing between widgets can be set in the constructor: HBox bpane = new HBox(5); Java Programming - Layout... 12/14

13 VBox: JackOLantern, Popup VBox buttonpane = new VBox(10); Use a VBox when you want a neat column of widgets. In JackOLantern, a VBox is used for the two radio buttons. The parameter 10 sets the vertical spacing between the buttons. You can also set the vertical spacing separately. VBox v1 = new VBox(); v1.setspacing( 5 ); You can center the button in the horizontal space: v1.setalignment(pos.center); Put the widgets into the VBox like this: buttonpane.getchildren().addall(daybut, nigtbut); Java Programming - Layout... 13/14

14 GridPane: Smile GridPane gpane = new GridPane(); Use a GridPane if there elements must be lined up both vertically and horizontally. You do not need to declare how many rows and columns will be used. Here is the pane used for inputs and controls in the Smile program: Spacing within the cells of the grid can be controlled: gpane.sethgap(5); gpane.setvgap(2); Here is how to place the widgets into the grid: gpane.add(red, 0, 0); // column # before row # gpane.add(rlabel, 0, 1);... gpane.add(blabel, 2, 1); Java Programming - Layout... 14/14

Java Programming Hello FX

Java Programming Hello FX Alice E. Fischer Feb 16, 2015 Java Programming - Hello FX... 1/22 Winter Colors Fonts Spring Circle Demo Java Programming - Hello FX... 2/22 Example: Winter Introduction to fx