Android on Tizen. Moscow State University

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1 Android on Tizen 1 Moscow State University

2 Presenter Andrey Shitov PhD Student at Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), Computational Mathematics and Cybernetics 2 Compilers, Virtual Machines, System Programming, Mobile OS

3 Android to Tizen (A2T) Project Open Information Technologies Lab at MSU Android 7.0 Nougat and Tizen 2.4 Tizen Z3 as target device The main ideas: Run Android applications on Tizen Use Android 3 rd party frameworks (OpenSource & Commercial) from Tizen native applications 3

4 Android to Tizen ANDROID APPLICATIONS ON TIZEN 4

5 Concept Launch existing Android applications on Tizen APP Android Applica1on Package (APK) A2T App Package Converter Android Applica1on Tizen Package (TPK) Deploy&Run ART + Android 7.0 Nougat Run1me Android- ready Tizen Device 5

6 Achievements 35+ Android applications from Google Play can be run on Tizen Examples: Calculator, Wish Shopping Made Fun, UIL Demo Calculator Wish App Tizen App that uses Android 3rd party framework 6

7 Steps to Run Android Application on Tizen 1. Port Android Runtime to Tizen 2. Initialize Android Runtime at Tizen startup 7 3. Support Android UX on Tizen

8 Android Runtime on Tizen Custom dynamic loader Provides ability to load libraries at specified addresses (ART requirement) ART Load libraries through JNI 8 libhybris Custom dynamic loader Load libraries Ported android na1ve libraries Legend: New Android Tizen Tizen glibc Direct linking libbionic

Android Runtime on Tizen System hooks provide EABI compatibility layer: calls from pre-built native libraries are redirected to Tizen glibc world via special hooks Android bionic world ART Tizen

9 Android Runtime on Tizen System hooks provide EABI compatibility layer: calls from pre-built native libraries are redirected to Tizen glibc world via special hooks Android bionic world ART Tizen glibc world Load libraries through JNI 9 Prebuilt android na1ve libraries Load libraries libhybris Custom dynamic loader Load libraries Ported android na1ve libraries Legend: New Android System hooks Dynamic linking Redirected linking Tizen glibc Direct linking libbionic Tizen

Android Initialization CPU Bootloader - - Jump to kernel Kernel - - Start init process Init process - - Start na1ve daemons Zygote (daemon) - Register Zygote socket - Preload all Java classes -

10 Android Initialization CPU Bootloader - - Jump to kernel Kernel - - Start init process Init process - - Start na1ve daemons Zygote (daemon) - Register Zygote socket - Preload all Java classes - Preload resources - Start System Server - Open socket - Listen for connec1ons Launcher - Init itself - Register onclick() handlers Ac1vity Manager (service) - Init itself - Send intent.category_home System Server (service) For each service: - Init service - Reg. w/service Manager Incl.start Ac1vity Manager Android home screen (launcher) 10 Na1ve daemons -. - app_process X Zygote Android Run1me - Start a VM - Call Zygote s main()

Open socket - Listen for connec1ons Ac1vity Manager (service) - Init itself System Server (service) Provides par1al func1onality by only necessary

11 Android Initialization on Tizen CPU A2T App Starter Sends intent to start ac1vity only Bootloader - - Jump to kernel Kernel - - Start init process Init process - - Start na1ve daemons Zygote (daemon) - Register Zygote socket - Preload all Java classes - Preload resources - Start System Server - Open socket - Listen for connec1ons Ac1vity Manager (service) - Init itself System Server (service) Provides par1al func1onality by only necessary services Tizen home screen 11 A2T init (na1ve daemon) - -. app_process X Zygote Android Run1me - Start a VM - Call Zygote s main() Legend: New Changed

12 Android Application Startup CPU Bootloader - - Jump to kernel Kernel - - Start init process Init process - - Start na1ve daemons Na1ve daemons -. - app_process X Zygote Zygote (daemon) - Register Zygote socket - Preload all Java classes - Preload resources - Start System Server - Open socket - Listen for connec1ons Android Run1me - Start a VM - Call Zygote s main() Launcher - Init itself - Register onclick() handlers Ac1vity Manager (service) - Init itself - Send intent.category_home System Server (service) For each service: - Init service - Reg. w/service Manager Incl.start Ac1vity Manager New New App New App Click Android home screen (launcher) 12

Android Application Startup on Tizen CPU A2T App Starter Sends intent to start ac1vity only Click Bootloader - - Jump to kernel Kernel - - Start init process

- Listen for connec1ons Ac1vity Manager (service) - Init itself System Server (service) Provides par1al func1onality by only necessary services Tizen home

13 Android Application Startup on Tizen CPU A2T App Starter Sends intent to start ac1vity only Click Bootloader - - Jump to kernel Kernel - - Start init process Init process - - Start na1ve daemons Zygote (daemon) - Register Zygote socket - Preload all Java classes - Preload resources - Start System Server - Open socket - Listen for connec1ons Ac1vity Manager (service) - Init itself System Server (service) Provides par1al func1onality by only necessary services Tizen home screen 13 A2T init (na1ve daemon) - -. app_process X Zygote Android Run1me - Start a VM - Call Zygote s main() New Android App New New process App App Legend: New Changed

14 First Android Application on Tizen 14

Android GUI on Tizen Android display stack is based on: Android Display stack SurfaceFlinger Android display and window manager WM Android App Vendor GL vendor implementation of OpenGL library SKIA

15 Android GUI on Tizen Android display stack is based on: Android Display stack SurfaceFlinger Android display and window manager WM Android App Vendor GL vendor implementation of OpenGL library SKIA Canvas HWUI Render Script Tizen display stack is based on: EFL enlightenment foundation library EGL is an interface between OpenGL ES and the underlying native platform window system Binder Android OpenGL EGL GLES libgui.so (SurfaceFlinger client) Vendor GL 15 SurfaceFlinger

16 Android UX/UI Integration Approach Original Android Display stack Android Display stack on Tizen WM Android App WM Android App SKIA Canvas HWUI Render Script SKIA Canvas HWUI Render Script 16 Android OpenGL EGL GLES libgui.so (SurfaceFlinger client) Binder SurfaceFlinger Vendor GL Android OpenGL EGL GLES libgui.so (SurfaceFlinger client) Tizen compa1bility layer EFL Enlightenment EvasGL

First Android Application on Tizen This demo shows simple

version: Android 7.0 (Nougat) Launch time: 1.

17 First Android Application on Tizen This demo shows simple Android Calculator Technical Specs Device: Tizen Z3 SM-Z300H with Tizen 2.4 Original Android application: Simple Calculator ART version: Android 7.0 (Nougat) Launch time: 1.17s (Tizen 1GHz CPU) Literally 0.42s (Android 2.5GHz CPU) the same Performance: similar to Android 17 Tizen Z3 Nexus 6P

18 First Android Application on Tizen 18

America Successfully works on Tizen without any changes Technical specs:

19 Wish - Shopping Made Fun Application Android application from Google Play TOP 10 Mobile application for popular shopping mall in Europe and North America Successfully works on Tizen without any changes Technical specs: Device: Tizen Z3 SM-Z300H with Tizen ART version: Android 7.0 (Nougat)

20 Wish - Shopping Made Fun Application 20

21 Requirements for Wish Application 1. Virtual keyboard A separate app on top of main window Own input events processing (undocumented) 2. Network Based on native system daemons (netd - WiFi and rild Mobile Internet), which are missed in Tizen HW Buttons

22 Android Java services on Tizen Map Java services to Tizen API Implement custom dynamic loader to provide EABI compatibility Legend: New Android Tizen Android components Android Java services UI/UX Media Camera Network Loca1on Other services Tizen bridge Tizen components Enlightenment Camera API Network API Loca1on API Other Tizen API 22 ART (Android Java RT) Android na1ve frameworks (libs) Android bionic (libc) Bionic integra1on Tizen system level

23 Android to Tizen 3 rd PARTY FRAMEWORKS 23

Use Java from Native: High-Level concept Companies mostly provide

to spend resources on Tizen support 3 rd party frameworks.

24 Use Java from Native: High-Level concept Companies mostly provide interfaces to their services via Java frameworks online banking multimedia, maths etc. Tizen developers lack such frameworks Obviously companies don t want to spend resources on Tizen support 3 rd party frameworks.dex/jar/class ART compila1on.oat files Android Run1me Tizen Pla`orm Tizen na1ve applica1on C/C++ Wrappers Na1ve func1ons invoca1ons 24

Wrappers for Java Frameworks We developed a tool that generates C++ wrappers to Java

proprietary Java frameworks within Tizen native applications Tizen Na1ve applica1on 25 Na1ve

for for 33 3 rd rd party rd party FWKs party FWK FWK C++ Java Java Android RT ini1aliza1on

25 Wrappers for Java Frameworks We developed a tool that generates C++ wrappers to Java frameworks (FWK) Execution of Java code is done by Android Runtime Tizen developers can use proprietary Java frameworks within Tizen native applications Tizen Na1ve applica1on 25 Na1ve invoca1ons JNI C++ Core library wrappers Android library wrappers Wrappers Proxy Proxy for for for 33 3 rd rd party rd party FWKs party FWK FWK C++ Java Java Android RT ini1aliza1on Java core classes Android classes 3 3 rd 3 rd party rd party Android party Android FWK Android FWK FWK

26 3 rd Party Android Framework Usage Java code (UIL): import com.nostra13.universalimageloader.core.imageloaderconfiguration; Context ctx = getapplicationcontext(); ImageLoaderConfiguration.Builder builder = new ImageLoaderConfiguration.Builder(ctx); builder.threadpriority(3); 26 Native (UIL): using namespace a2t::com::nostra13::universalimageloader::core; a2t::ref<a2t::android::content::context> ctx = a2tinit::appcontext.get(); a2t::ref<imageloaderconfiguration::builder> builder = new imageloaderconfiguration::builder(ctx); builder- >threadpriority(3);

party Android framework Technical specs: Device: Tizen Z3 SM-Z300H

27 UIL Demo Application Demonstrates usage of Java 3rd party framework from native Tizen Application Uses Universal Image Loader 3 rd party Android framework Technical specs: Device: Tizen Z3 SM-Z300H with Tizen 2.4 ART version: Android 7.0 (Nougat) 27 Main screen Grid view

28 UIL Demo Application 28 Android Java app Tizen native app

29 Android to Tizen AFTERWORD 29

30 Conclusion This technology provides two major opportunities: Launch existing Android application on Tizen quickly Reuse extended functionality of 3rd party Android frameworks by C++ Tizen Application Android App on Tizen Android FWK on Tizen 30 App ART Tizen Na1ve App TPK ART Android APK Android 7.0 Nougat Run1me Tizen Device FWK Android 3 rd party FWK Android 7.0 Nougat Run1me Tizen Device

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Another difference is that the kernel includes only the suspend to memory mechanism, and not the suspend to hard disk, which is used on PCs.

Another difference is that the kernel includes only the suspend to memory mechanism, and not the suspend to hard disk, which is used on PCs. 9. Android is an open-source operating system for mobile devices. Nowadays, it has more than 1.4 billion monthly active users (statistic from September 2015) and the largest share on the mobile device