Java vs JavaScript. For Enterprise Web Applications. Chris Bailey IBM Runtime Technologies IBM Corporation

Transcription

1 Java vs JavaScript For Enterprise Web Applications Chris Bailey IBM Runtime Technologies 1

2 What Languages do you use? 120 Percentage of Audience Java 2 JavaScript Both

3 What Runtimes do you use? 120 Percentage of Audience Server Java 3 Applets JS in Browser Node.js Rhino Nashorn Avatar.js

4 Chris Bailey IBM Runtime Monitoring and Diagnostics Architect 14 years working with Java and JVM technologies 14 months working with Node.js and V8 Current Role(s): IBM Java monitoring and diagnostics Node Application Metrics project lead Node Foundation Member Benchmarking and Performance WGs JavaOne RockStar Author on performance and memory analysis 4 baileyc@uk.ibm.com Bailey 4

5 Agenda Language Adoption Deployment Modes Code Development Scalability WebApplication Performance Under the Hood Enterprise Architectures 5

6 Language Adoption 6 6

7 GitHub Adoption: Java 7

8 GitHub Adoption: JavaScript 8

9 modulecounts.com 9

10 StackOverflow User Survey 10

11 Tiobe Community Programming Index Ratings based on the number of skilled engineers, courses and third party vendors. 11

12 Indeed.com Job Trends: Java 12

13 Indeed.com Job Trends: JavaScript 13

14 Indeed.com Job Trends Java JavaScript 14

15 Language Adoption 15 JavaScript has a large developer base #1 on GitHub with 45% more active repositories than Java #1 on modulecounts.com with 29% more NPM modules than Maven #1 used language by StackOverflow survey responders #6 language on the Tiobe index Java remains huge, particularly in the enterprise and on the server #2 on GitHub with 52% more active repositories than the next language #3 on modulecounts with 73.8% more modules than the next language #2 language on the Tiobe index #1 on indeed.com for developer jobs -

16 Deployment Modes 16

17 Usage in the browser JavaScript is ubiquitous in the browser Supported in every browser - Integration with HTML and CSS JavaScript is not affected by negative publicity... Unless it is absolutely necessary to run Java in web browsers, disable it as described below, even after updating to 7u11. This will help mitigate other Java vulnerabilities that may be discovered in the future. This and previous Java vulnerabilities have been widely targeted by attackers, and new Java vulnerabilities are likely to be discovered. To defend against this and future Java vulnerabilities, consider disabling Java in web browsers 17

18 Usage on the server Java has a long history on the server JPE launched in Java has rich platform support: Linux x86, Linux POWER, zlinux - 18 Windows, Mac OS, Solaris, AIX, z/os JavaScript is a nascent language on the server Limited platform support although its growing No API support to interact with the OS Part of the browser security model Frameworks like Node.js have changed that. -

19 Server Side JavaScript: Node.js Single Threaded Event based JavaScript framework Uses non-blocking asynchronous I/O Wraps the Chrome V8 JavaScript engine with I/O interfaces Libuv provides interaction with OS/system JavaScript C Node Standard Library Node Bindings V8 19 libuv Designed to build scalable network applications Suited for real time delivery of data to distributed client Available on a wide set of platforms: Linux on x86, ARM, Power and Z Windows, Mac OS, Solaris, SmartOS and AIX

20 Anatomy of a Node.js application 1. package.json Tracks properties, dependencies, version info, commands, etc. 2. JavaScript source files (i.e. app.js) To install and execute: > npm install > node app.js 20 20

21 Code Development 21

22 HTTP Server Example var cluster = require('cluster'); var cpus = require('os').cpus().length; var http = require('http'); if (cluster.ismaster) { for (var i = 0; i < cpus; i++) { cluster.fork(); } cluster.on('death', function(worker) { console.log("worker" + worker.pid + "died"); }); } else { http.createserver(function(request, response) { response.writehead(200, {"Content-Type": "text/plain"}); response.write("hello World!\n"); response.end(); }).listen(8080); } 22

23 Clustered HTTP Server Example var cluster = require('cluster'); var cpus = require('os').cpus().length; var http = require('http'); if (cluster.ismaster) { for (var i = 0; i < cpus; i++) { cluster.fork(); } cluster.on('death', function(worker) { console.log("worker" + worker.pid + "died"); }); } else { http.createserver(function(request, response) { response.writehead(200, {"Content-Type": "text/plain"}); response.write("hello World!\n"); response.end(); }).listen(8080); } 23

24 Writing Node.js Code Development Effort Code Volume Relative to Java (lower is better) 24 Node.js - 3x * based on benchmarksgame benchmarks *or other transactional service

25 Writing Node.js Code Development Effort Code Volume Relative to Java (lower is better) 25 Node.js regex-dna Spectral-norm fannkuch-redux fasta k-nucleotide Binary-trees n-body Reverse-complement Avg 1/3rd less code - 3x * based on benchmarksgame benchmarks *or other transactional service

26 Writing Node.js Code Development Effort Code Volume Relative to Java (lower is better) 26 Node.js regex-dna Spectral-norm fannkuch-redux fasta k-nucleotide Binary-trees n-body Reverse-complement Avg 1/3rd less code - 3x * based on benchmarksgame benchmarks Node.js has higher developer productivity Many applications developed with significantly less code Rich module system simplifies development Reduces need to develop custom code *or other transactional service

27 Scalability 27

28 Typical approach to I/O 28 One thread (or process) per connection Each thread waits on a response Scalability determined by the number of threads Each thread: consumes memory is relatively idle Number of concurrent customers determined by number of depot workers Additional customers wait in a queue with no response

29 Asycnhronous Non-Blocking I/O 29 One thread multiplexes for multiple requests No waiting for a response Handles return from I/O when notified Scalability determined by: CPU usage Back end responsiveness Number of concurrent customers determined by how fast the food Server can work Or until the kitchen gets slammed

30 JavaScript and Asynchronous I/O 30 JavaScript is already event based in the browser eg. onclick and onmouseover events First class functions and closures fit well with events Easy to create and pass function callbacks Easy to execute callbacks in the context of the event Node.js execution is based on an event loop Asynchronous I/O built in from the ground up Node.js execution uses a single thread No need to worry about locking or shared data Most machines are now multi-cpu, so cluster capabilities are provided

31 Event based programming var http = require('http'); var server = http.createserver(); server.listen(8080); server.on('request', function(request, response) { response.writehead(200, {"Content-Type": "text/plain"}); response.write("hello World!\n"); response.end(); }); server.on('connection', function(socket) {}); server.on('close', function() {}); server.on('connect', function(socket) {}); server.on('upgrade', function(request, socket, head) {}); server.on('clienterror', function(exception, socket) {}); 31

32 WebApp Performance 32

33 JSON Serialization JSON serialization of a newly instantiated object Maps Key of message Value of Hello, World! Example response: Results from TechEmpower.com Round 9 tests ( ) 33

34 JSON Serialization JSON serialization of a newly instantiated object Maps Key of message Value of Hello, World! Example response: Java JavaScript Results from TechEmpower.com Round 9 tests ( ) 34

35 JavaScript WebApp Performance Node.js Performance (Compared to Java) 40 %age of Java Performance JSON Serialization

36 Single Query Fetches single row from simple database table Row serialized as JSON Example response: Results from TechEmpower.com Round 9 tests ( ) 36

37 Single Query Fetches single row from simple database table Row serialized as JSON Java Example response: JavaScript Results from TechEmpower.com Round 9 tests ( ) 37

38 JavaScript WebApp Performance Node.js Performance (Compared to Java) 40 %age of Java Performance JSON Serialization Single Query

39 Multiple Queries Fetches multiple rows from a simple database table Rows serialized as JSON Example response: Results from TechEmpower.com Round 9 tests ( ) 39

40 Multiple Queries Fetches multiple rows from a simple database table Rows serialized as JSON Java Example response: JavaScript Results from TechEmpower.com Round 9 tests ( ) 40

41 JavaScript WebApp Performance Node.js Performance (Compared to Java) 40 %age of Java Performance JSON Serialization Single Query Multiple Queries

42 Data Updates Fetches multiple rows from a simple database table Converts rows to objects and modifies one attribute of each object Updates each associated row and serializes as JSON Example Response: Results from TechEmpower.com Round 9 tests ( ) 42

43 Data Updates Fetches multiple rows from a simple database table Converts rows to objects and modifies one attribute of each object Updates each associated row and serializes as JSON JavaScript Java Example Response: Results from TechEmpower.com Round 9 tests ( ) 43

44 JavaScript WebApp Performance Node.js Performance (Compared to Java) %age of Java Performance JSON Serialization Single Query Multiple Queries Data Updates

45 JavaScript WebApp Performance Node.js Performance (Compared to Java) %age of Java Performance More -80 Computation -100 Computation speed is (much) slower than Java I/O speed is higher than Java 45 JSON Serialization Single Query Multiple Queries Data Updates More I/O

46 JavaScript on the JVM? 46

47 Nashorn and Avatar.js Nashorn JavaScript engine delivered in JDK8 Utilizes new JVM level features for performance 47 Avatar.js provides Node.js support on Nashorn

48 Nashorn and Avatar.js Nashorn JavaScript engine delivered in JDK8 Utilizes new JVM level features for performance Avatar.js provides Node.js support on Nashorn Results of Octane JavaScript benchmark*: Node.js is 4.8x faster Avatar.js is >10x larger 48 * Using Java 8 pre-u20

49 Nashorn and Avatar.js Nashorn JavaScript engine delivered in JDK8 Utilizes new JVM level features for performance Avatar.js provides Node.js support on Nashorn Feb 12th, 2015: Avatar is put on hold Results of Octane JavaScript benchmark*: Node.js is 4.8x faster Avatar.js is >10x larger 49 * Using Java 8 pre-u40

50 JavaScript Performance Under the Hood 50

51 JIT Compilation Dynamic nature of JavaScript makes JIT optimizations more difficult Any variable could be a function or data Variables must be tested to determine how to handle handle them Variables can change, so what worked previously many not apply in future 51 Example: the use of '+': number + number addition string involved? concatenation objects involved? convert to primitives then addition or concatenation Functions involved??

52 Execution flow for '+' operator Java int a int b int c = a + b Addition Return Result 52

53 Execution flow for '+' operator Java int a int b int c = a + b Addition JavaScript var a var b var c = a + b First Time? NO YES Return Result Use Previous Types Type of A? String Type of B? String or Number Concatenate Type of B? Number Addition NO Number Worked? String Undefined YES Return Result 53

54 Dynamically vs Statically Types Languages Dynamically typed languages are harder to manage under the hood They subsequently have lower runtime performance for computational tasks Highlighted in TechEmpower benchmarks: Best dynamic compared to best static as baseline Dynamic vs Statically Typed Language Performance JSON Single Multi Updates

55 Writing Node.js Code 55

56 Not So Easy: JavaScript Syntax Fun 56 > '5' 3 2 // Weak typing, implicit conversion > '5' + 3 '53' //...but not consistent > '5' '4' 1 // String minus String = Integer?? > '5' + + '4' 54 // Multiple +'s are ok > 'Hello' + 'World' 'HelloWorld' // Ok, that's expected > 'Hello' + + 'World' 'HelloNaN' //...but that isn't

57 Not So Easy: JavaScript Syntax Fun 57 > '5' 3 2 // Weak typing, implicit conversion > '5' + 3 '53' //...but not consistent > '5' '4' 1 // String minus String = Integer?? > '5' + + '4' 54 // Multiple +'s are ok > 'Hello' + 'World' 'HelloWorld' // Ok, that's expected > 'Hello' + + 'World' 'HelloNaN' //...but that isn't

58 Not So Easy: JavaScript Syntax Fun 58 > '5' 3 2 // Weak typing, implicit conversion > '5' + 3 '53' //...but not consistent > '5' '4' 1 // String minus String = Integer?? > '5' + + '4' 54 // Multiple +'s are ok > 'Hello' + 'World' 'HelloWorld' // Ok, that's expected > 'Hello' + + 'World' 'HelloNaN' //...but that isn't

59 Not So Easy: JavaScript Syntax Fun 59 > '5' 3 2 // Weak typing, implicit conversion > '5' + 3 '53' //...but not consistent > '5' '4' 1 // String minus String = Integer?? > '5' + + '4' 54 // Multiple +'s are ok > 'Hello' + 'World' 'HelloWorld' // Ok, that's expected > 'Hello' + + 'World' 'HelloNaN' //...but that isn't

60 Not So Easy: JavaScript Syntax Fun 60 > '5' 3 2 // Weak typing, implicit conversion > '5' + 3 '53' //...but not consistent > '5' '4' 1 // String minus String = Integer?? > '5' + + '4' 54 // Multiple +'s are ok > 'Hello' + 'World' 'HelloWorld' // Ok, that's expected > 'Hello' + + 'World' 'HelloNaN' //...but that isn't

61 Not So Easy: JavaScript Syntax Fun 61 > '5' 3 2 // Weak typing, implicit conversion > '5' + 3 '53' //...but not consistent > '5' '4' 1 // String minus String = Integer?? > '5' + + '4' 54 // Multiple +'s are ok > 'Hello' + 'World' 'HelloWorld' // Ok, that's expected > 'Hello' + + 'World' 'HelloNaN' //...but that isn't

62 Not So Easy: JavaScript Syntax Fun 62 > '5' 3 2 // Weak typing, implicit conversion > '5' + 3 '53' //...but not consistent > '5' '4' 1 // String minus String = Integer?? > '5' + + '4' 54 // Multiple +'s are ok > 'Hello' + 'World' 'HelloWorld' // Ok, that's expected > 'Hello' + + 'World' 'HelloNaN' //...but that isn't

63 Not So Easy: JavaScript Syntax Fun 63 > '5' 3 2 // Weak typing, implicit conversion > '5' + 3 '53' //...but not consistent > '5' '4' 1 // String minus String = Integer?? > '5' + + '4' 54 // Multiple +'s are ok > 'Hello' + 'World' 'HelloWorld' // Ok, that's expected > 'Hello' + + 'World' 'HelloNaN' //...but that isn't

64 Not So Easy: JavaScript Syntax Fun 64 > '5' 3 2 // Weak typing, implicit conversion > '5' + 3 '53' //...but not consistent > '5' '4' 1 // String minus String = Integer?? > '5' + + '4' 54 // Multiple +'s are ok > 'Hello' + 'World' 'HelloWorld' // Ok, that's expected > 'Hello' + + 'World' 'HelloNaN' //...but that isn't

65 Not So Easy: JavaScript Syntax Fun 65 > '5' 3 2 // Weak typing, implicit conversion > '5' + 3 '53' //...but not consistent > '5' '4' 1 // String minus String = Integer?? > '5' + + '4' 54 // Multiple +'s are ok > 'Hello' + 'World' 'HelloWorld' // Ok, that's expected > 'Hello' + + 'World' 'HelloNaN' //...but that isn't

66 Not So Easy: JavaScript Syntax Fun 66 > '5' 3 2 // Weak typing, implicit conversion > '5' + 3 '53' //...but not consistent > '5' '4' 1 // String minus String = Integer?? > '5' + + '4' 54 // Multiple +'s are ok > 'Hello' + 'World' 'HelloWorld' // Ok, that's expected > 'Hello' + + 'World' 'HelloNaN' //...but that isn't

67 Not So Easy: JavaScript Syntax Fun 67 > '5' 3 2 // Weak typing, implicit conversion > '5' + 3 '53' //...but not consistent > '5' '4' 1 // String minus String = Integer?? > '5' + + '4' 54 // Multiple +'s are ok > 'Hello' + 'World' 'HelloWorld' // Ok, that's expected > 'Hello' + + 'World' 'HelloNaN' //...but that isn't

68 Not So Easy: JavaScript Syntax Fun 68 > '5' + - '5' '5-2' // I can just about see that works > var x = 3 undefined > '5' x + x 5 // Ok, that makes sense > var x = 3 undefined > '5' + x - x 50 // What???

69 Not So Easy: JavaScript Syntax Fun 69 > '5' + - '5' '5-5' // I can just about see that works > var x = 3 undefined > '5' x + x 5 // Ok, that makes sense > var x = 3 undefined > '5' + x - x 50 // What???

70 Not So Easy: JavaScript Syntax Fun 70 > '5' + - '5' '5-2' // I can just about see that works > var x = 3 undefined > '5' x + x 5 // Ok, that makes sense > var x = 3 undefined > '5' + x - x 50 // What???

71 Not So Easy: JavaScript Syntax Fun 71 > '5' + - '5' '5-2' // I can just about see that works > var x = 3 undefined > '5' x + x 5 // Ok, that makes sense > var x = 3 undefined > '5' + x - x 50 // What???

72 Not So Easy: JavaScript Syntax Fun 72 > '5' + - '5' '5-2' // I can just about see that works > var x = 3 undefined > '5' x + x 5 // Ok, that makes sense > var x = 3 undefined > '5' + x - x 50 // What???

73 Not So Easy: JavaScript Syntax Fun 73 > '5' + - '5' '5-2' // I can just about see that works > var x = 3 undefined > '5' x + x 5 // Ok, that makes sense > var x = 3 undefined > '5' + x - x 50 // What???

74 (Micro)Service Topologies 74

75 Enterprise Application Platform Web Applications Operations and Management Admin 75 Analytics Scaling Diagnostics Load Balancer HTTP Load Balancer Monitoring Analytics

76 Questions 76

77 77