CLASS 4. Chapter 1: Computer Fundamentals

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1 CLASS 4 The Class 4 book deals with computer fundamentals, input and output devices, Windows 8, some more LOGO primitives, multimedia, editing and formatting features of MS Word 2013, introduction to MS PowerPoint 2013, and some advanced features of Tux Paint. OBJECTIVE Chapter 1: Computer Fundamentals This chapter discusses the various calculating devices used in earlier days and the evolution of computers through different generations. After reading this chapter the student will learn about the early calculating devices five generations of computers different types of computers characteristics of computers that make different from other machines computer memory and its various types units to measure the capacity of a computer memory microprocessor and its various parts motherboard the main circuit board of the computer DISCUSSION Begin the chapter with a discussion on the need for computers. Necessity is the mother of invention. The saying holds true for computers because computers were invented as a result of man s search for fast and accurate calculating devices. The abacus was the first such device. Explain to the students various calculating devices invented in the past before the invention of actual computer. Explain to the students the meaning of generation in computer terminology. Generation in computer terminology refers to a stage in technology. It provides a framework for the growth of the computer industry. Discuss all the generations of computers till date. Explain the criteria on which the different generations were categorised. Discuss the main components and characteristics of each generation. Discuss the shortcomings in the previous generation of computers which led to the development of the next generation computers. Make sure that the students know the examples of computers of each generation. Discuss the fifth generation of computers. Scientists are presently working on the fifth generation computers a promise, but not yet a reality. They aim to bring machines with genuine I.Q., the ability to reason logically and with real knowledge of the world. Thus, unlike the last four generations which naturally followed its predecessor, the fifth generation will be totally different, and totally new. Tell them that depending on the performance, size and cost, the computers can be categorised into four types. Describe the usage of each type of computer in different fields. Tell the different characteristics of computers that make it different from human beings and other machines. Explain what the computer memory is. Discuss the different types of computer memory. Explain the characteristics of RAM and ROM. Also, discuss the need of secondary memory. Tell them the different units to measure the capacity of computer memory. Discuss the Microprocessor or CPU. Explain to the students that a microprocessor is also present inside other machines such as oven and washing machine. Compare it with the human brain which controls the human body just like the CPU does for the computer. A computer has a Central 1

2 Processing Unit (CPU) to process information just like the human brain. Explain the control unit and arithmetic logic unit of a CPU. Give a real-life scenario. Ask the students to imagine a scenario on the road without a policeman or traffic signals. Every person would then want to proceed first and this would result in a traffic jam. The function of the traffic signals or a policeman is to maintain the smooth movement of traffic on the road to avoid chaos. Similarly, the control unit controls the operations of different parts of a computer to allow smooth functioning of the system. ALU performs all mathematical and logical operations, and memory unit (MU) holds the intermediate results during the mathematical and logical operations. Also, explain the function of a motherboard. ACTIVITY With the help of your lab assistant show the students the RAM, ROM, hard disk, CPU and the motherboard in the system unit. Explain the function of a motherboard. Show the various components embedded on the motherboard. ANSWERS 1. Tick () the correct option. a. (iii) b. (iv) c. (iv) d. (i) e. (iii) 2. Identify the following machines. a. Napier Bones b. Pascaline c. Abacus d. Difference Engine e. Analytical Engine 3. Write the full forms of the following. a. Integrated Circuit b. Very Large Scale Integration c. Random Access Memory d. Read Only Memory e. Control Unit f. Arithmetic Logic Unit g. Central Processing Unit h. Gigabyte i. Megabyte 5. How many bits or bytes are required to store these words? a. Duck = 32 bits = 4 bytes b. Bicycle = 56 bits = 7 bytes c. World = 40 bits = 5 bytes d. Hello = 40 bits = 5 bytes e. Nowadays = 64 bits = 8 bytes 6. Read the description and write the number against the correct computer. a. Microcomputers b. Mainframe computers c. Supercomputers d. Minicomputers 7. Fill in the blanks. a. Large, Integration b. transistors c. Supercomputer d. RAM e. ALU f. ROM g Write T for true and F for false. a. T b. F c. T d. F e. T f. T 9. Answer the questions. a. The first generation computers used vacuum tubes as the main electronic component. ENIAC, EDVAC, and UNIVAC 1 are the examples of first generation computers. The characteristics of first generation computers are listed here. These computers were the fastest calculating devices of their time. They were huge in size. They emitted a large amount of heat. They consumed a lot of power and their cost was very high. 2

3 b. Random Access Memory (RAM): RAM stores the data and programs that are currently being used by the computer so that they can be quickly accessed by the processor. It is also known as the Read/Write Memory. Its contents are lost when the power supply is turned off. Read Only Memory (ROM): ROM stores start-up instructions for booting the computer system. The ROM can only be read from and not written onto. The information stored on the ROM is not lost even if the power supply is turned off. c. Two examples of secondary storage devices are hard disk and optical disc. d. A microprocessor or a CPU has three units, namely, control unit, arithmetic logic unit, and memory unit. e. The motherboard, also known as the system board, is the base of the computer system. It is the main circuit board of the computer where the microprocessor, memory, and other cards are plugged. f. The primary memory (also known as the internal memory or main memory) is the memory that stores data and instructions for processing. It communicates directly with the CPU. There are two types of primary memory, RAM and ROM. g. The main characteristics of a computer are speed, versatility, accuracy, diligence, and large storage capacity. h. Abacus, Napier Bones, Pascaline, Difference Engine, and Analytical Engine. i. The different types of computers are as follows: Microcomputers: These computers are very small in size. They can perform all kinds of tasks and are less expensive. Personal Computers (PCs) and laptops are examples of microcomputers. Minicomputers: These computers are more powerful than microcomputers as they have more memory and operate at a higher speed. Mainframe computers: These computers are even more powerful than minicomputers. They are large in size and quite expensive. Supercomputers: They are the most powerful computers. They are the fastest and the most expensive computers. They are used in areas like weather forecasting and aircraft designing. j. The fourth generation computers use the Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) technology. VLSI is a more integrated and compact form of integrated circuits. VLSI are used in the microprocessor which is the complete CPU contained on a single chip. OBJECTIVE Chapter 2: Input and Output Devices This chapter deals with the various input and output devices. After reading the chapter, the students will learn the various types of input devices the various types of output devices DISCUSSION Begin the chapter with a discussion on computer devices. Students have learnt about the various computer devices in the previous classes. Discuss with them the various input devices such as keyboard, mouse, scanner, joystick, microphone, light pen, web camera, trackball, touchpad, and touch screen. 3

4 Discuss about the commonly used output devices such as the printer, monitor, speakers, headphones, and projector. Explain the use of a printer. Tell them that a printer is used for printing documents on paper. It is used to generate hard copies of your data. Clarify the difference between hard copy and soft copy. Hard copy is the output produced on paper, which is permanent and can be referred to at any time. Soft copy is the output produced on screen; such output is temporary. Explain the different types of printers available in the market and how they differ. Help students take the printouts themselves from different printers and highlight the differences in the output. Another most important computer device is the monitor. Give the use of the various types of monitors. Also, explain the role of speakers and headphones in computer system. Explain them the use of projector. If possible, show them a presentation or animated movie on a projector. ACTIVITIES In the computer lab, show to the students various input and output devices available and ask students to write their uses. Ask students to collect and paste the pictures of input devices and output devices on a chart paper to make a collage. ANSWERS 1. Tick () the correct option. a. (iii) b. (ii) c. (ii) d. (iii) e. (iii) f. (i) 2. Match the devices with their characteristics. a. CRT monitor bulky and consumes a lot of power b. Dot matrix printer prints by striking pins against an ink ribbon c. LCD monitor lighter and thinner than CRT monitor d. Laser printer uses laser beams e. Inkjet printer sprays ink on paper 3. Identify these input and output devices. a. Keyboard b. Scanner c. Light pen d. Touch screen e. Microphone 4. Fill in the blanks. a. Projector b. Hard copy c. Output d. Headset e. Trackball 5. Write T for true and F for false. a. F b. T c. T d. F e. F 6. Answer the questions. a. Some of the commonly used input devices are keyboard, mouse, scanner, joystick, microphone, light pen, web camera, digital camera, trackball, touchpad, and touch screen. b. Some of the commonly used output devices are printer, monitor, projector, speakers, and headphones. c. A mouse is a pointing device that controls the movement of the mouse pointer on the screen. A trackball can be thought of as an inverted mouse, in which a ball is rotated in any direction and mouse pointer moves accordingly on the screen. Trackball requires lesser space than a mouse, as the trackball itself is not moved, only the ball is moved. d. A web camera is used to capture live images and videos. The captured images or videos can be stored in the computer or can be transmitted over the Internet. A digital camera captures and stores images in a digital form in a memory card. You can view the captured images on the screen of the camera. 4

5 e. (i) Touch screen: A touch screen senses the human touch. To interact with the computer, one has to touch the words or pictures on the screen. (ii) Touchpad: A touchpad consists of a specialised surface that translates the motion of your finger to a relative position on the screen. f. The different types of monitors are CRT, LCD, and OLED. g. The different types of printers are dot matrix, inkjet, and laser printer. OBJECTIVE Chapter 3: More on Windows 8 This chapter is designed to explain the working of Windows 8 and various accessories that come bundled with it. After reading this chapter the students will be able to open the Computer folder to access various disk drives create a file or a folder open, rename, move, delete, and copy a file or folder view the properties of a file or folder work with various Windows accessories such as Calculator, Sticky Notes, and Snipping Tool DISCUSSION Begin the chapter with revision of features learnt about Window 8 in the previous class. Ask the students to double-click the Computer icon. Explain the contents of the window of Computer folder. Show them the various disk drives. Insert a CD in the CD drive and show the students how to access the contents of the CD. Insert a pen drive in the USB slot, and show them the contents of a pen drive. Bring some files in the class and then explain to the students what a file in the computer is. Show the similarity between real-life example and computer example. Files are stored in folder. Show the students what a folder is and how a folder helps to organise the information. Give them an example of a library. If all the books are kept in the same cupboard in a library, then it will be difficult to find a particular book. In the same way, folders help in the organisation of files. Help the students to create, delete, and copy files and folders. Explain to the students the meaning of accessories. Students must have an idea about car accessories. Accessories are additional items in a car like an audio system and seat covers. Similarly, Windows 8 comes with accessories which are additional programs that help us in doing various jobs. Demonstrate the step-by-step process of accessing Windows Accessories. Show them how to access the Accessories from the Start button and point out the different items available in it. Make sure that the students understand these Accessories. Calculator: Explain to the students that like a standard desk calculator, the Windows Calculator saves time by performing all simple and complex calculations. Besides normal calculations, it can also perform scientific calculations. Show the students how to open the Calculator. Explain to the students that the Windows Calculator looks and operates just like any other calculator except that you use it on-screen. Demonstrate how to operate Calculator. The Calculator s keypad contains familiar number keys, along with memory and simple math keys. A display window just above the keypad shows the numbers you enter and the results of calculations. Show the students how they can switch between the standard and scientific views of Calculator. 5

6 Sticky Notes: It is used for writing down to-do lists, important notes, phone numbers, etc. These are basically notes to remind you anything which are placed on the Desktop. Demonstrate them how to create a Sticky Note. Also, show them how to resize s Sticky Note. Tell them that any Sticky Note can be deleted when it is no more required by using Delete Note button on its top-right corner. Snipping Tool: It is used to capture a snapshot of any object, window, or a part of window. Once you capture the snapshot of the desired area, you can save it or send it via from within the Snipping Tool program. ACTIVITIES Ask the students to add a Sticky Note on the desktop and make a list of important things they do in their daily routine. Give some mathematical problems to students and ask them to perform those sums using Windows Calculator. ANSWERS 1. Tick () the correct option. a. (i) b. (iv) c. (iii) d. (i) e. (iv) 2. Match these file types with their extensions. a. Microsoft Excel spreadsheet.xlsx b. Notepad.txt c. Audio.mp3 d. Video.mpg e. Microsoft Word document.docx 3. Fill in the blanks. a. Folder b..txt c. dot(.) d. Windows Calculator e. subfolders f. Snipping Tool 4. Write T for true and F for false. a. F b. T c. T d. F f. T 5. Answer the questions. a. The Computer folder allows you to see the contents stored on your computer. It displays all the drives, files, and folders. b. Creating folders helps you manage your files appropriately. Storing files in different folders helps you locate them easily. c. All the data in your computer is stored in the form of files. There are many different types of files in a computer such as text files, sound files, picture files, etc. A folder is used to organise your data by grouping related files together. d. To move a folder to a new location, follow these steps. 1. Right-click the folder that you want to move. A shortcut menu appears. 2. Click the Cut option. 3. Go to the location where you want to move the folder. 4. Right-click anywhere in the window and then click the Paste option from the shortcut menu that appears. The selected folder is pasted to the new location. e. (i) File icons: All the files stored on your computer have specified file icons, which display the name of the file and indicate the type of program used to open it. (ii) Filename extensions: All files created by you are saved with a name followed by a dot (.) and three or more letters. These three or more letters associated with the file are referred to as filename extension. The extension of a file enables you to know the type of file and 6

7 accordingly displays the file icon, which represents the program that can be used to open that file. f. (i).accdb (ii).docx g. To open Calculator, follow these steps. 1. Right-click anywhere in the blank area on the Start screen. The Apps bar appears across the lower portion of the screen. 2. Click the All apps button in the Apps bar. The Apps screen appears displaying all the available applications. 3. Click Calculator under the Windows Accessories section. The Calculator window appears. OBJECTIVE Chapter 4: Multimedia This chapter introduces the term multimedia to the students. After reading the chapter, the students will learn the various components of multimedia such as text, images, sound, etc. the use of multimedia in various fields installing and playing multimedia software DISCUSSION Begin the chapter by introducing the term media. Tell them the various ways by which they can communicate. Tell them that initially one can communicate only using text. However, now communication is possible through various media such as pictures, sound, video, etc. The combination of different media is known as multi-media. Ask them to name some cartoon series that they enjoy and tell them that cartoons are created with the help of multimedia. Students sometimes confuse multimedia with CD-ROMs. Multimedia refers to the software and technology which combine the use of multiple media for communication whereas CD-ROM is just a storage device like a pen drive or a DVD which is generally used to store multimedia programs. Explain the different types of media: text, images, video, animation and sound. Discuss how they are used together to convey information. Use some educational programs CD such as mathematical programs CD, so that they can learn tables, addition, subtraction, etc., in an interesting and interactive way. Discuss the essential components of multimedia that is the hardware and software required for creating multimedia applications. Tell them the components of a multimedia kit which must be installed in the computer to use multimedia. Name the software available in the market which are used to create multimedia applications. Discuss the various fields which use multimedia. Multimedia is used for educational purposes, for business, for advertising, for entertainment, for playing games and for playing music. Give the uses of multimedia in different fields by suitable examples. Demonstrate some educational CDs which make use of multimedia such as Microsoft Encarta, Human Body and Jump Ahead-Discovery Tree. Computer games are also one of the most important educational software available which use multimedia. Demonstrate them how to install these multimedia CDs on computer system. 7

8 You can show some movie clips which use multimedia. Computer animation is used in many films for special effects. Building film sets are expensive. So the use of computer animation in a film reduces the cost of making the film. For example, in the movie Titanic, many of the shipwrecked scenes were created with computer animation. ACTIVITIES Get some interesting multimedia CDs and install them on the computer and show them to the students. Run a multimedia software such as an educational software, a game or an animation film. Educational software include encyclopedias, language learning CDs, subject CDs, etc. Games include puzzles and 3D action games such as Mario and Road Rash. Show to the students all the multimedia effects used in them. ANSWERS 1. Tick () the correct option. a. (ii) b. (iv) c. (iv) d. (iii). e. (i) 3. Fill in the blanks. a. multi, media b. Virtual reality c. Text d. Media e. Windows Media Player 4. Write T for true and F for false. a. F b. T c. F d. T e. T 5. Answer the questions. a. Multimedia can be defined as the combination of media such as text, images, video, animation, and sound, which can increase the impact of your information. The various components that constitute multimedia are text, images, sound, animation, and video. b. With the use of multimedia, advertisers find new and creative ways of advertising and marketing products. c. Multimedia is used at home for entertainment. You can watch movies and cartoons, play games. and listen to music. d. Animation refers to the simulation of movement created by displaying a series of pictures (handmade drawings or cartoon images) one after the other. Cartoons such as Ben 10, Doraemon, and Chhota Bheem are examples of computer animation. e. Windows 8 does not provide any built-in games such as Solitaire, Minesweeper, FreeCell, Pinball, etc. Instead, these games need to be downloaded from the Windows Store. However, before downloading any game from the Windows store, you need to have a Microsoft account. As you install the game successfully on your computer from the Windows Store, a corresponding tile is created on the Start screen. You can click the tile to start playing the game. OBJECTIVE Chapter 5: More on LOGO This chapter explains some more commands that are used in the LOGO language. Students who have gained some familiarity with the concepts and usage of LOGO in their preceding class can now extend their skills beyond the initial exploratory stage. After reading this chapter, the students will be able to use PENUP, PENDOWN, PENERASE, PPT, HT, ST, SETPC primitives use the REPEAT primitive to execute certain statements repeatedly 8

9 DISCUSSION Students have studied about the LOGO language in their previous class. Begin the unit with a discussion on the primitives used earlier. Revise all the primitives learned before. Explain different primitives with examples of their usage. Clarify the difference between PENUP (PU) and PENDOWN (PD) HIDETURTLE (HT) and SHOWTURTLE (ST) Explain the concepts of colours in LOGO. Show the students how they can change the colours of the graphics and command window. Explain the concept of looping by giving suitable examples. Explain the syntax of the REPEAT primitive and give some examples. Show how a REPEAT primitive is used to make different shapes and patterns. Show the examples of drawing a square, circle and semicircle using the REPEAT command. Ensure that the concept of a circle and semicircle is clear to the students. Explain the nested REPEAT commands using examples. ANSWERS 1. Tick () the correct option. a. (iii) b. (i) c. (iv) d. (ii) e. (i) 2. Correct the primitives. a. REPEAT 3[LEARNING LOGO IS FUN] b. REPEAT 20[RT 2 FD 3] c. REPEAT 5[FD 45 RT 60] d. PPT FD 40 e. PU FD Fill in the blanks. a. HIDETURTLE, SHOWTURTLE b. SETPC c. drawing, eraser d. CLEARTEXT e. orange 4. Write T for true and F for false. a. F b. T c. T d. F e. F 5. Answer the questions. a. LOGO stands for Language Of Graphics Oriented. b. (i) PENDOWN: The PENDOWN or the PD primitive is used after the PENUP primitive to put the pen down so that the turtle starts drawing again. For example, after giving the PD primitive, FD 30 moves the turtle 30 units forward, drawing the line. (ii) SHOWTURTLE: The SHOWTURTLE or the ST primitive is used to make the turtle reappear on the monitor. For example, after giving the ST primitive, the turtle reappears on the monitor. c. The PENUP or the PU primitive is used to set the pen up. After giving this primitive, the turtle will not draw anything. The PENERASE or the PE primitive is used to make the turtle work as an eraser and erase the line by moving the turtle over it. d. The SETPC primitive is used to change the colour of the turtle pen. Numbers from 0 to 15 represent different colours. 9

10 e. In LOGO, the REPEAT primitive is used for looping, which means performing the same work again and again until the desired output is obtained. This primitive saves a lot of time as the command is given only once along with the number of times it is to be repeated. ANSWERS TO ACTIVITIES 1. Write the LOGO commands to draw these shapes. a. REPEAT 3[FD 60 RT 120] b. REPEAT 6[FD 60 RT 60] c. REPEAT 8[FD 60 RT 45] d. REPEAT 180[FD.5 LT 1] REPEAT 40[FD 1 LT 2] REPEAT 240[FD.5 RT 1] 2. Open the LOGO program, give these commands, and see the output. a. b. c. d. e. 3. Write the LOGO commands to draw these figures. a. REPEAT 2 [REPEAT 2 [FD 20 LT 90 FD 40 LT 90] RT 180] b. REPEAT 2[REPEAT 2[FD 20 RT 90 FD 40 RT 90] PU RT 90 FD 35 LT 90 BK 15 PD REPEAT 2[FD 20 RT 90 FD 40 RT 90] PU RT 90 FD 35 LT 90 FD 15 PD REPEAT 2[FD 20 RT 90 FD 40 RT 90] PU RT 90 FD 35 LT 90 BK 15 PD REPEAT 2[FD 20 RT 90 FD 40 RT 90] PU RT 90 FD 35 LT 90 FD 15 PD REPEAT 2[FD 20 RT 90 FD 40 RT 90] c. REPEAT 360[FD.1 LT 1] RT 90 FD 120 PU FD 10 LT 90 PD REPEAT 360[FD.1 LT 1] RT 90 FD 30 LT 90 FD 40 LT 90 10

11 FD 65 RT 90 FD 40 LT 90 FD 60 LT 90 FD 40 RT 90 FD 70 LT 90 FD 40 LT 90 FD 25 PU FD 75 PD LT 90 FD 80 PU BK 30 RT 90 FD 10 PD REPEAT 4[FD 10 RT 90] PU BK 30 PD REPEAT 4[FD 10 RT 90] HT d. REPEAT 3[FD 10 RT 90 FD 40 LT 90]RT 180 REPEAT 3[FD 10 LT 90 FD 40 RT 90]RT 90 PE FD 40 RT 90 PPT PU FD 30 LT 90 FD 100 RT 90 PD FD 50 REPEAT 2[RT 90 FD 25 RT 90 FD 15] PU BK 5 PD REPEAT 2[RT 90 FD 25 PU BK 25 LT 90 BK 5 PD] OBJECTIVE Chapter 6: Editing in MS Word This chapter discusses one of the important features of Word editing. The students will acquire the ability to create basic word processing documents. After reading this chapter, the students will be able to input text into a word processing document select and make changes to the text edit their work by inserting and deleting text selections copy or move data from one part of the document to another use undo and redo features run the spell checker and make the necessary corrections DISCUSSION Begin the chapter with a discussion on the features of MS Word learnt in previous class. Students should be able to create, save and open their documents. Sometimes while working with a document, students may type incorrectly. Demonstrate them how unnecessary text can be deleted by using Backspace and Delete key. Show them how to select text in different ways. Explain with proper examples why selection is necessary. Show them how text can be moved or copied from one location to another in the same document or other document using Cut, Copy and Paste features of MS Word. Discuss with them the use of Undo and Redo features. Show the students how to find and rectify the spelling and grammatical errors in their document by using Spelling and Grammar feature of MS Word. Demonstrate to them how a word can be replaced with its synonym or antonym by using Thesaurus feature of MS Word. You can create one small document for this unit (poem, letter, etc.) and show how to use different tools in this document. Encourage the students to use keyboard shortcuts wherever possible. ACTIVITIES Ask the students to write a story, a poem or a quotation in MS Word. Ask them to use the Spellings and Grammar feature of MS Word to correct the spellings and grammatical errors in their document. Make sure that each student is able to print his document at the end. Give the students a list of few words and ask them to find the synonyms of each word using the Thesaurus feature of MS Word. 11

12 ANSWERS 1. Tick () the correct option. a. (i) b. (iv) c. (iii) d. (iii) e. (iii) 2. Fill in the blanks. a. Enter b. Shift c. Triple-click d. Clipboard e. Redo 3. Write T for true and F for false. a. F b. F c. T d. F e. T 4. Answer the questions. a. To insert multiple spaces, position the cursor where you want to insert spaces and press the Spacebar key as many times as required. b. Different techniques used to select text using a mouse are listed in the table. Select A word A line A sentence Multiple lines Paragraph Mouse Action Double-click anywhere on the word. Click on the left margin next to the line. Note that the mouse pointer changes to arrow. Press and hold the Ctrl key and click the mouse anywhere on the sentence. Click on the left margin and keep on dragging till the desired lines are selected. Triple-click anywhere on the paragraph. c. Copying text means repeating the same information in your document at a different location. The cut and copy operations are similar, except that the cut operation removes the text from the original location. d. The Undo button is used to reverse the last action performed. The Redo is the reverse of the Undo. It reapplies the last action reversed by the Undo. e. Spelling errors are indicated in the document with a wavy red underline. Grammatical errors are indicated by a wavy blue underline. You can rectify spelling and grammar mistakes using the Spelling and Grammar button present in the Proofing group under the Review tab. f. To find the synonym of a given word using Thesaurus, follow these steps. 1. Place the cursor on the word that you want to look up. 2. Click the Review tab and then click Thesaurus button in the Proofing group. The Research task pane appears displaying a list of similar words. 3. To use a word from the list, point to it, click the down arrow and then click the Insert or the Copy option from the submenu that appears. g. (i) To open an existing document: Ctrl + O (ii) To copy text: Ctrl + C (iii) To undo the last action: Ctrl + U (iv) To save a document: Ctrl + S OBJECTIVE Chapter 7: Formatting in MS Word This chapter discusses another important feature of Word formatting. In this chapter, the students will acquire the ability to format the document. After reading this chapter, the students will be able to 12

13 use formatting features in a document such as changing the fonts, font sizes and font styles align text in a document create bulleted and numbered lists in a document format text using Font dialog box apply borders and shading effects to the text change text case in different ways DISCUSSION Begin the chapter by explaining the meaning of formatting. Discuss with them how formatting can make their documents look more professional and allows them to emphasis on the important parts of their document. Show the students how to change the font style and size. Demonstrate them how to align the selected text. Ensure that the students make effective use of the formatting features in Word, as too much formatting may make the content unreadable. Tell the students how they can accomplish the formatting task using the buttons on the Home tab. Show how formatting can be applied using the Font dialog box. Also, tell them the use of Format Painter tool in Word. Demonstrate the use of lists in a document. Show how to create different types of lists bulleted and numbered lists in a document. Show them how borders and shading can be applied to enhance the appearance of the paragraph or selected text. Discuss about the Change Case feature of Word that allows you to change the case of a block of text in different ways. You can create one small document for this unit and show how to use different tools in this document. ACTIVITIES Ask the students to write a story or a poem in MS Word and use the formatting features taught in class. Allow them to explore the different possibilities in text formatting. Encourage the students to be creative with the variety of available fonts and styles. Also, ask them to add a heading to their story or poem and make it center aligned. Ask the students to create a list of their favourite movies, favourite cartoon characters, and so on. This activity will help them in practising the Bullets and Numbering feature of MS Word. Ask them to write few lines about their school, and then use the Change Case feature to change the case of the text in different ways. ANSWERS 1. Tick () the correct option. a. (iii) b. (i) c. (iv) d. (ii) e. (iv) 2. Fill in the blanks. a. Home b. Italic c. Text Highlight Color d. left e. Format Painter f. Lowercase 3. Write T for true and F for false. a. F b. F c. F d. T e. T 4. Answer the questions. a. Changing the look of the text is known as formatting. Formatting makes your documents look more professional and allows you to emphasise the important parts of your document. b. (i) This button is used to make the text bold. (ii) This button is used to make the text italic. (iii) This button is used to underline the text. 13

14 c. To format the text using the Font dialog box, follow these steps. 1. Select the text. 2. Click the Home tab. 3. Click the Dialog Box Launcher in the Font group. The Font dialog box appears which contains two tabs, namely, Font and Advanced 4. Choose the desired formatting options and click OK to apply the changes and close the Font dialog box. d. Word provides four types of text alignment: Align Left, Align Right, Center, and Justify. e. The Bullets and Numbering option in Word helps you create lists. You can separate each item of the list by a bullet or a number. f. To apply border and shading to the selected text, follow these steps. 1. Click the Home tab and then click the drop-down arrow beside the Borders button in the Paragraph group. 2. Click the Borders and Shading option. The Borders and Shading dialog box appears with Borders as the active tab. 3. Select the desired border style, line style, colour and width for the border from the respective boxes. 4. From the Apply to drop-down list box, select the Text option. 5. Click the Shading tab. 6. Select the desired colour from the Fill drop-down box. 7. From the Apply to drop-down list box, select the Text option. 8. Click OK to apply the changes. g. The different Change Case options available in Word are as follows. Sentence case: It changes the first letter of the first word of a sentence to uppercase and the rest in lowercase. Lowercase: It changes all the letters to lowercase. Uppercase: It changes all the letters to uppercase. Capitalize each word: It changes the first letter of each word to uppercase and the rest in lowercase. Toggle case: It changes the uppercase to lowercase and the lowercase to uppercase. h. The Format Painter tool selects any formatting applied to the existing text and applies the same formatting to the text it is painted over. Chapter 8: Introduction to Microsoft PowerPoint OBJECTIVE The chapter makes the students familiar with the basics of creating presentations. After reading this chapter, the students will be able to create a blank presentation insert new slide in a presentation add text to the slide format text by changing font, font type, size, etc. delete a slide give an on-screen presentation save the presentation and open an existing presentation print the presentation 14

15 DISCUSSION Introduce the class to the wonderful and exciting world of PowerPoint. Explain the importance of a presentation and its usage. Microsoft PowerPoint 2013 is a powerful, yet easy-to-use presentation software package that is a part of the Microsoft Office 2013 suite of products. A presentation communicates information, and a good presentation can truly convince, motivate, inspire and educate the audience. PowerPoint is designed to give the slides a consistent appearance. Motivate the students to create a presentation with consistent appearance and colour scheme. Multiple colour slides may distract the audience from reading the text of the presentation. Before explaining the intricacies of PowerPoint and how it can help to create eye-catching presentations, explain the basics of PowerPoint to the student. A slide is the basic unit of a presentation. A slide can be thought of as a page in a book. The book can be compared to a complete presentation. Explain the various parts of PowerPoint application window. Encourage the students to chalk out all the ingredients that they wish to incorporate in the presentation on a paper before implementing them on the slide. This technique will help the students to have a better understanding of what they wish to present to their audience in the most effective and appropriate manner. The students should be encouraged to use the shortcut keys whenever possible. ACTIVITIES Give a demonstration of some business presentation, school presentation or a product presentation. Discuss with students the different ways to navigate the presentation. Show a self-running presentation to the students and discuss with them the advantages of such a presentation. The students should be asked to make a presentation on their school comprising at least six slides. The slides should highlight the school playground and its sporting facilities, the classrooms, the library, the canteen, the computer laboratory, the school hostel and achievements of the school in sports. While making the slides, the students must be able to use the features discussed in the chapter. ANSWERS 1. Tick () the correct option. a. (i) b. (ii) c. (iv) d. (iii) e. (ii) 2. Fill in the blanks. a. slides b. Themes c. Text Shadow d. Bullets e. Placeholders 3. Write T for true and F for false. a. T b. T c. F d. F e. T 4. Answer the questions. a. A presentation is simply the computerised way of communicating ideas with the help of text and pictures. Every PowerPoint presentation is made up of slides. Slide refers to the individual pages of a presentation to which the text, images, sound, and various effects are added. b. The basic method of creating a presentation is to use a blank presentation. PowerPoint 2013 also has a collection of built-in themes and templates. Themes include pre-set designs that are used to beautify your presentation. Templates, on the other hand, provide well- 15

16 defined outlines of presentations having different styles and colours. Instead of creating a blank presentation, you can create a new presentation with the help of these themes and templates. c. To insert a slide in a presentation, follow these steps. 1. Click the Home tab. 2. Click New Slide button in the Slides group. 3. Select an appropriate layout for the new slide from the drop-down list that appears. A new slide with the selected layout is added immediately after the current slide. d. To delete text from the slide, follow these steps. 1. Select the text. 2. Press the Delete key. The selected text is deleted from the slide. e. To open an existing presentation, follow these steps. 1. Click the File tab. 2. Click the Open option from the Backstage view that appears. A list of recently edited PowerPoint presentations appears in the rightmost pane. 3. Click on the desired presentation from the list to open it. In case you want to open a presentation which is not listed, click the Computer option under the Open section. The Open dialog box appears. 4. Select the location where your file is from the left pane of the dialog box. 5. Select the file that you want to open from the right pane. 6. Click the Open button. f. You can use a mouse or a keyboard to navigate during the slide show. To navigate through the presentation using a keyboard, simply press the arrow keys. While giving an on-screen presentation, when you move the mouse, Slide Show Controls become visible on the lowerleft corner of the screen. You can use them to navigate through the presentation. g. Text is the most important component in any slide. There are mainly two ways of adding text in the slide: using text placeholders and using text boxes. OBJECTIVE Chapter 9: More on Tux Paint This chapter discusses some advanced features of Tux Paint. After the completion of this chapter, the students will be able to use the more effects provided by Magic tool use the additional stamps provided by Stamp tool create a storyboard using the Magic tool effects and Stamp tool in Tux Paint DISCUSSION Begin the chapter by giving a brief recap of the tools discussed in the previous class. Ask the students to draw a beautiful drawing using the tools they have learnt earlier. Tell them about some more special effects provided by Magic tool. Show them how they can make their drawing more attractive by adding these effects. Help them to download the special stamp software from which is available free of cost. Tell them the use of storyboard. Ask them to create their own storyboard using the various stamps under the Stamp tool. ACTIVITIES 1. Ask the students about the different Tux Paint tools which they have learnt about in the previous class. 2. Ask them to make drawings and apply various effects of Magic tool in them. 16

17 3. Help them download the special stamp software from the Internet and using the stamps available in that software in their drawings. 4. Ask them to create a storyboard for the story of their choice and create a slide show for it. ANSWERS 1. Tick () the correct option. a. (ii) b. (iv) c. (i) d. (iii) e. (i) 2. Fill in the blanks. a. Paint tool b. Flip c. Kaleidoscope d. six e. Space 3. Write T for true and F for false. a. F b. F c. T d. T e. T 4. Match the stamp with the category to which it belongs. a. Animals b. Vehicles c. Space d. Town e. People 5. Answer the questions. a. The five Magic Tool effects are described as follows. Darken: This effect is used to darken the parts of an image. Flip: This effect is used to flip the image vertically. Smudge: This effect is used to mix two different colours smoothly. Rails: This effect is used to draw railway tracks in your drawing. Rainbow: This effect is used to draw any object using rainbow colours. b. Stamp tool in Tux Paint helps you add pre-drawn or photographic images in your drawing. By default, Tux Paint provides only six built-in stamps of penguin (the drawing mascot of Tux Paint). We can also add different types of stamps in Tux Paint by downloading a special stamp software from the Internet. There are more than 200 stamps available in this software which include images of animals, plants, cars, and many other objects. You can add these stamps in your drawing to make it look more beautiful and realistic. c. A storyboard is a collection of drawings that are used to tell a story. These drawings are made in such a way that when arranged in a proper sequence, they depict a meaningful story. d. To create a storyboard as a slide show, follow these steps. LOGO 1. Click the Open tool. It displays the list of saved images. 2. Click the Slides button at the bottom of the drawing canvas. 3. Click the images one by one in the order in which you want them to appear. Each image you will click will be marked with a number (1, 2, 3,...). 4. Click the sliding scale at the bottom-left of the screen beside the Play button to set the speed of the slide show. 5. Click the Play button to start the slide show.. PROJECT WORK a. REPEAT 8[REPEAT 5[FD 50 RT 72] RT 45] b. REPEAT 12[FD 100 LT 45 REPEAT 4[FD 20 RT 90] PU RT 45 BK 100 RT 30 PD] 17

18 WORKSHEET 1 REVISION 1. Tick () the correct option. a. (ii) b. (i) c. (ii) d. (i) e. (iv) 2. Fill in the blanks. a. output b. Multimedia c. Motherboard d. Read Only Memory e. Accessories f. Slides 3. Write T for true and F for false. a. T b. T c. F d. F e. T f. T 4. Answer the questions. a. A printer is an output device that generates hard copy (output printed on paper) of your data. The data may be a picture, text, or both. Some of the widely used printers are dot matrix printer, inkjet printer, and laser printer. b. The computer memory stores all the data and instructions required by the computer. There are two types of computer memory, namely, primary memory and secondary memory. The primary memory is the memory that stores data and instructions for processing. Secondary memory has large storage capacity and can store data permanently. c. The use of multimedia in education is increasing rapidly. Its power to present information in creative ways has led to the creation of rich learning environments. Multimedia enables students to grasp the concept easily and quickly. In addition, the students retain the information for a longer time. d. LCD monitors are lighter and thinner than CRT monitors. They consume less power and display sharper images. Nowadays all the laptops have LCD screens. e. Virtual reality is an artificial environment created with the computer hardware and software and presented to the user in such a way that it appears real. Today, virtual reality is primarily used in the entertainment industry but it is going to be a very useful tool for simulation purposes and remote control applications. f. To make the text bold, italic, and underlined in Word, follow these steps. 1. Select the text. 2. Click the Home tab. 3. Click Bold button in the Font group to make the text bold, Italic button to make the text italic, and Underline button to underline the text. g. The Tint effect of Magic tool is used to change the colour of some parts of the drawing, that is, it replaces the existing colour with the selected colour in your drawing. The Smudge effect of Magic tool is used to mix two different colours smoothly. REVISION QUESTIONS 2 1. Tick () the correct option. a. (iii) b. (i) c. (i) d. (iv) e. (i) 2. Fill in the blanks. a. Very Large Scale Integrated b. CU c d. Virtual reality e. peach f. Placeholders 3. Write T for true and F for false. a. T b. T c. T d. F e. F f. T 18

19 4. Answer the questions. a. (i) Joystick: A joystick is a pointing device that is used to move objects on the screen. It helps in playing computer and video games. (ii) Light pen: A light pen is a pointing device that is used to draw lines or images directly onto the screen. (iii) Microphone: A microphone is used to input and record your voice or other sounds into the computer. b. The Emboss effect of Magic tool is used to give an embossed (molded) effect to your drawing. The Wavelets effect of Magic tool is used to make an image vertically wavy. c. Organisations use multimedia to provide interactive training programs to their employees through a network or CDs. Employees can run the training programs at their own pace and time. d. To install a multimedia application on your system, follow these steps. 1. Insert the CD/DVD of the multimedia application in CD/DVD drive. 2. Double-click the Computer icon placed on the desktop. The Computer window appears. 3. Double-click the CD/DVD drive icon showing the name of the software. The corresponding Setup dialog box appears. 4. Follow the instructions in the series of dialog boxes to install the software. e. The Font dialog box contains the following two tabs. Font: It contains options to change the font, font style, font size, font colour, underline style and colour, and add effects to your text. Advanced: It contains the options to magnify or reduce the size of the selected group of characters, and change the spacing between the characters. f. To add shading to the text, follow these steps. 1. Select the text. 2. Click the Home tab and click the drop-down arrow beside the Borders button in Paragraph group. 3. Click the Borders and Shading option. The Borders and Shading dialog box appears. 4. Click the Shading tab. 5. Select the desired colour from the Fill drop-down box. 6. From the Apply to drop-down list box, select the Text option. 7. Click OK to apply the changes. g. To create a storyboard as a slide show, follow these steps. 1. Click the Open tool. It displays the list of saved images. 2. Click the Slides button at the bottom of the drawing canvas. 3. Click the images one by one in the order in which you want them to appear. Each image you will click will be marked with a number (1, 2, 3,...). 4. Click the sliding scale at the bottom-left of the screen beside the Play button to set the speed of the slide show. 5. Click the Play button to start the slide show. CLASS 4 SAMPLE PAPER 1 1. Fill in the blanks: a. A printer is an device. b. was used as the main electronic component in the first generation computers. c. The Flip effect of Magic tool is used to flip the image. d. is the primary component of multimedia. 19

20 e. The command is used to change the colour of the turtle pen. f. The physical form of the output is known as the. g. Hold down the key when you want to type letters in capitals. h. A folder may contain other folders called i. are used to write down something like a to-do list. j. The text can be highlighted using the button in the Font group. 2. Write T for true and F for false. a. Bullets and Numbering feature of Word helps you create lists. b. Spelling errors are indicated by a wavy green underline. c. You cannot rename a file. d. Microsoft PowerPoint presentation has.pptx extension. e. A bit is denoted by B. f. When a folder is deleted, all files and sub-folders in it are also deleted. g. You cannot draw a square or a circle in LOGO. h. Multimedia is not used in education. i. A monitor is an input device. 3. Answer the questions. a. What is the basis on which computers are divided into different generations? b. What do you understand by multimedia? c. What are the different Change Case options available in MS Word 2013? d. Write the steps to move a folder to a new location. e. How do you delete text from the slide of a PowerPoint presentation? 4. Tick () the correct option. a. Which tab in MS Word contains the Change Case option? (i) View (ii) File (iii) Home (iv) None of these b. Which Magic tool effect in Tux Paint is used to place raindrops in a drawing? (i) Rails (ii) Rain (iii) String edges (iv) Rainbow c. The CPU of a computer is also known as (i) Microprocessor (ii) CU (iii) MU (iv) ALU d. Which of the following colour codes changes the colour of turtle pen in LOGO to cyan? (i) 10 (ii) 7 (iii) 12 (iv) 11 e. Which of the following mouse actions is required to select a paragraph? (i) Single-click (ii) Double-click (iii) Triple-click (iv) None of these 5. Describe these LOGO primitives. a. SHOWTURTLE b. PENERASE c. PENDOWN 6. Correct these LOGO primitives. a. PU 20 b. REPEAT 20(RT 2 FD 3) c. PPT 40 d. HT Write the LOGO primitives to draw these figures. a. b. 20