Bootloader - Openmoko

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1 Wiki Docs Planet Projects Lists Bootloader From Openmoko (Redirected from U-boot) English عربي Български Česky Deutsch Eesti Español فارسی suomi Français Ελληνικά עברית Magyar Italiano 日本語 한국어 Nederlands Polski Português Română Русский Svenska Slovensky 简体中文 繁體中文 1 of 15 10/16/ :06 PM

2 u-boot menu on Neo of 15 10/16/ :06 PM

3 The bootloader used on the smartphones is called U-Boot. It takes care of device functionality until Openmoko is booted. This includes USB DFU for flashing Openmoko, a splash screen, a boot menu, a console for bootloader commands, configuration via bootloader environment, and loading a kernel. There are various bootloader versions available. Contents 1 Booting into U-boot 2 General 3 Bootloader source code 4 Bootloader binary 5 Bootloader development 5.1 QT Neo Neo FreeRunner Using JTAG to boot from RAM 6 Creating bootable images 7 Boot menu 7.1 Accessing the boot menu 7.2 Using the boot menu 8 Bootloader prompt 8.1 Accessing the bootloader prompt Using usbtty from Linux Typical u-boot prompt 8.2 Commands on the bootloader prompt 8.3 What if I borked my bootloader environment and don't get a prompt anymore? 9 Device Firmware Upgrade 9.1 Booting files over DFU u-boot splash screen on Neo of 15 10/16/ :06 PM

4 10 Troubleshooting 10.1 USB connectivity problems 11 Related pages Booting into U-boot Make sure that your phone has had the battery and USB cable removed for at least 30 seconds. Hold in the AUX button on power-up to access the boot menu. Connect the Neo (ie not Debug Board) to a Linux host with the USB cable. Set the console to USB. Connect to /dev/ttyacm0 with a terminal program on the Linux host (you might need to chown uucp.uucp /dev/ttyacm0 ) Note that the cdc_acm /dev/ttyacm0 access disappears as soon as the Neo boots, and is replaced by the cdc_ether usb0 network access. You're now at the bootloader prompt. Set the bootdelay uboot environment variable to -1 if you want it to always halt at the bootloader on power-up. General All versions of the OM smartphone use the u-boot ( bootloader. More information on u-boot can be found at Additions to the vanilla u-boot already implemented include: Support for boot from NAND flash using S3C2410 Steppingstone Support for S3C2410 NAND flash Support for downloading programs via S3C2410 USB Device Controller Support to display bootup logo / status on S3C2410 Framebuffer However, u-boot still doesn't support many of the features that GTA01 needs, such as Support for reading kernel/initrd from SD/Transflash 4 of 15 10/16/ :06 PM

5 HaraldWelte is working on those issues, and in fact most of them have already been implemented. Bootloader source code The current bootloader source can be found at To get u-boot by git: git clone git://git.openmoko.org/git/u-boot.git openmoko/u-boot To build u-boot: Clone the git tree and check out the stable branch Set the CROSS_COMPILE environment variable to specify the prefix to your toolchain binaries Run "make gta02v5_config" (or gta01bv4_config, or whatever hardware revision you have) Run "make u-boot.udfu". This will give you an image which you can install with dfu-util, or which you can upload into memory via JTAG (with a debug board) Bootloader binary The latest bootloader binary builds can be found under All versions of the GTA02 (Neo FreeRunner) that have been sold to the public are version 5 hardware, so look for a file with "gta02" and "v5" in the name, for example: uboot-gta02v5-latest.bin The file should be written to the NAND flash address 0x (size 0x30000) (the first partition). Bootloader development QT2410 If you want to do bootloader development on the QT2410, it's easier to work with a bootloader image that can be downloaded via USB into RAM instead of flashing. 5 of 15 10/16/ :06 PM

6 To do so, you need to edit the u-boot/include/configs/qt2410.h file, and change the "if 0" in Line 32 into a "if 1", then recompile with "make". The resulting "u-boot.bin" is _NOT SUITABLE_ for NAND flash, but only for direct execution from within ram, e.g. by using the s3c2410_boot_usb program. Neo 1973 Doing bootloader development on the Neo 1973 is a bit more tricky. First, we don't have any NOR flash. Second, there is no other way to boot _but_ from NAND. Therefore, we also don't have a USB downloader like the QT2410. The main problem is: The S3C2410 Steppingstone unconditionally copies the first 4k of flash into its internal SRAM. That SRAM segment stays unconditionally mapped at physical address zero. How do we get around this Neo FreeRunner Main article: Neo_FreeRunner_Memory_Mapping Using JTAG to boot from RAM So how can we boot from RAM? We use JTAG / OpenOCD to: Reset and halt the cpu at PC=0 > reset halt target halted in ARM state due to debug request, current mode: Supervisor cpsr: 0x400000d3 pc: 0x MMU: disabled, D-Cache: disabled, I-Cache: disabled Download a small piece of code for low-level SDRAM timing initialization (overwrite 4k SRAM of steppingstone) > load_binary /space/misc/gta01/u-boot.git/board/gta01/lowlevel_foo.bin 0 downloaded 332 byte in 0s 21899us Assert a break point at address 0x33f80000 (which indicates that the low-level code has finished) > bp 0x33f hw breakpoint added at address 0x33f80000 Run the code up to the break point 6 of 15 10/16/ :06 PM

7 > resume Target 0 resumed > Target 0 halted target halted in ARM state due to breakpoint, current mode: Supervisor cpsr: 0x600000d3 pc: 0x33f80000 MMU: disabled, D-Cache: disabled, I-Cache: enabled Download the u-boot RAM image to 0x33f80000 > load_binary /space/misc/gta01/u-boot.git/u-boot.bin 0x33f80000 downloaded byte in 6s us Resume processing > resume Target 0 resumed At this point, the display backlight gets bright and we see the following familiar prompt on the serial console: U-Boot (Jan :44:23) DRAM: 128 MB NAND: 64 MiB *** Warning - bad CRC or NAND, using default environment In: serial Out: serial Err: serial Hit any key to stop autoboot: 0 GTA01Bv2 # Creating bootable images U-boot needs bootable images (such as kernels, but also initrd and others) in form of a so-called uimage. In order to create a uimage from e.g. a vmlinux kernel image, you can proceed as follows: objcopy -O binary -R.note -R.comment -S vmlinux linux.bin gzip -9 linux.bin u-boot/tools/mkimage -A arm -O linux -T kernel -C gzip -a e n "Kernel Image QT241 Boot menu 7 of 15 10/16/ :06 PM

8 As of the Phase-0 release, our u-boot version now features an on-screen boot menu. The items are defined by menu entries in the environment. Accessing the boot menu You can access the boot menu by pressing and holding the Neo1973 AUX Button together with the power button while switching the phone on. u-boot boot menu on Neo1973 Using the boot menu By pressing the Neo1973 AUX Button you can cycle through the menu items. Use the POWER button to select one item. Bootloader prompt Accessing the bootloader prompt The bootloader prompt is available either on the serial console (via Debug Board), or as virtual USB Serial device (USB CDC_ACM). Whether the serial port or usb is used depends on the u-boot environment variables stdin, stdout and stderr. Whether or not you use usbtty, the first couple of messages will always be displayed on the serial console. The bootloader is currently configured to wait for three seconds. If a key press on the stdin is received within those three seconds, auto-boot is aborted. Using usbtty from Linux Just by connecting the phone in u-boot mode to your Linux pc should make it detect a CDC ACM device, and you should get a new tty device called /dev/ttyacm0. If not, enable the CONFIG_USB_ACM (Device Drivers -> USB support -> USB Modem (CDC ACM) support). (Instructions for MacOS users are here) 8 of 15 10/16/ :06 PM

9 Use your favourite terminal emulator (minicom, cu, zc, screen...) to access it like any other serial port. If you don't have a favorite, try just: (cu is in the taylor-uucp package, use "apt-get install cu" if it is not yet installed) cu -l /dev/ttyacm0 You might need to chown uucp.uucp /dev/ttyacm0 to get the necessary rights (even as root). A nice alternative for cu is Werner Almesberger's neocon. First, you should try to check whether the USB device shows up in 'lsusb' while you're running in u-boot mode: # lsusb -d 1457:5119 Bus 005 Device 079: ID 1457:5119 Second, let's see some more details about the available endpoints and configurations: 9 of 15 10/16/ :06 PM

10 # lsusb -v -d 1457:5119 Bus 005 Device 079: ID 1457:5119 Device Descriptor: blength 18 bdescriptortype 1 bcdusb 1.10 bdeviceclass 2 Communications bdevicesubclass 0 bdeviceprotocol 0 bmaxpacketsize0 16 idvendor 0x1457 idproduct 0x5119 bcddevice 0.00 imanufacturer 1 Openmoko, Inc iproduct 2 Neo1973 Bootloader U-Boot g6c7cac8c-dirty-moko3 iserial bnumconfigurations 1 Configuration Descriptor: blength 9 bdescriptortype 2 wtotallength 85 bnuminterfaces 3 bconfigurationvalue 1 iconfiguration 4 TTY via USB bmattributes 0xc0 Self Powered MaxPower 0mA Interface Descriptor: blength 9 bdescriptortype 4 binterfacenumber 0 balternatesetting 0 bnumendpoints 1 binterfaceclass 2 Communications binterfacesubclass 2 Abstract (modem) binterfaceprotocol 1 AT-commands (v.25ter) iinterface 6 Control Interface CDC Header: bcdcdc 0.6e CDC Call Management: bmcapabilities 0x00 bdatainterface 1 CDC ACM: bmcapabilities 0x00 CDC Union: bmasterinterface 0 bslaveinterface 1 Endpoint Descriptor: blength 7 bdescriptortype 5 bendpointaddress 0x81 EP 1 IN bmattributes 3 Transfer Type Interrupt Synch Type None Usage Type Data wmaxpacketsize 0x0010 1x 16 bytes binterval 255 Interface Descriptor: blength 9 bdescriptortype 4 binterfacenumber 1 balternatesetting 0 bnumendpoints 2 binterfaceclass 10 CDC Data binterfacesubclass 0 Unused 10 of 15 10/16/ :06 PM

11 Next, you can access it using your favourite terminal program. Then, if the environment is not set correctly, you will need to use the current console (e.g. serial console) to change the console entries in the environment: GTA01Bv2 # setenv stderr usbtty GTA01Bv2 # setenv stdout usbtty GTA01Bv2 # setenv stdin usbtty Typical u-boot prompt U-Boot moko1 (Feb :36:13) DRAM: 128 MB NAND: 64 MiB Found Environment offset in OOB.. Video: 640x480x8 31kHz 59Hz USB: S3C2410 USB Deviced In: serial Out: serial Err: serial Hit any key to stop autoboot: 0 GTA01Bv3 # Commands on the bootloader prompt See bootloader commands. What if I borked my bootloader environment and don't get a prompt anymore? NOTE: This solution applies to a changed u-boot environment which prevents NAND u-boot to successfully boot. The Debian u-boot configuration script may be a cause of this issue. Found a solution here: [[1] ( /gqypwiohdet6x4am?q=almesberger+partition&page=1& refer=xbamkzwwsaobv7wa) ] It works the following way: Get the devirginator: 11 of 15 10/16/ :06 PM

12 svn co cd devirginator Read the u-boot environment from the device: dfu-util -a u-boot_env -R -U env.in Create a file that contains everything you want to change in your u-boot environment or get it by issuing the following command: wget Now let devirginator generate a new u-boot_env partition for us, - that contains the partition table from our u-boot_env, - and all changes we wanted to make; Note that the -D GTA02 is needed for the neo FreeRunner only, and has to come before the other options../envedit.pl -D GTA02 -i env.in -f environment.in -o env.out On my box the partition layout didn't seem to match the idea of envedit.pl, so it issued 2 warnings: warning: environment is bytes, expected CRC error: expected 0xc33e35fc, got 0x93097bfb In this case jut add an additional argument to the command line - that has to be the 1st argument, though, and that contains the size information we got from the warning:./envedit.pl -s D GTA02 -i env.in -f environment.in -o env.out Now the perl script should produce no more output anything but write a new u-boot_env partition that we can upload to the device by: dfu-util -a u-boot_env -R -D env.out Device Firmware Upgrade Our version of u-boot also implements USB DFU. This can be useful to load files and kernel for quick testing. 12 of 15 10/16/ :06 PM

13 To find out whether your version of u-boot supports this, use the output of $ lsusb -v -d 1457:5119 while the phone is in u-boot mode. If it supports DFU, you should see the following snippet towards the end of the output: Interface Descriptor: blength 9 bdescriptortype 4 binterfacenumber 2 balternatesetting 0 bnumendpoints 0 binterfaceclass 254 Application Specific Interface binterfacesubclass 1 Device Firmware Update binterfaceprotocol 1 iinterface 0 For information on how to do firmware upgrades, please see dfu-util. For neo 1973 you may see Flashing_Openmoko#Actually_flashing_things_into_the_device, and for the FreeRunner : Flashing the Neo FreeRunner. Booting files over DFU To load a file at memory address 0x : dfu-util -a 0 -D filetoload -R After that, send 'bootm 0x ' to u-boot or 'bootelf 0x ' if its an elf file. Simple python script that can boot an ELF image - avoiding a ACM bug that breaks on large packets. 13 of 15 10/16/ :06 PM

14 #!/usr/bin/python import sys import os import time cmd1 = "neo backlight off\n" cmd2 = "bootelf 0x \n" def output(tty, str): for x in str: tty.write(x) tty.flush() if len(sys.argv) == 2: print "Loading %s..." % sys.argv[1] loadfile = "dfu-util -a 0 -D %s -R" % sys.argv[1] os.system(loadfile) time.sleep(3) tty = open("/dev/ttyacm0", "a") output(tty, cmd1) output(tty, cmd2) tty.close() else: print "Usage: %s elffile" % sys.argv[0] print "" sys.exit(2) Troubleshooting USB connectivity problems I once got errors like this (in dmesg or /var/log/messages) on the host side while connecting the neo in u-boot: usb 2-1: device descriptor read/64, error -110 usb usb2: Controller not stopped yet! or hub 4-0:1.0: port 1 disabled by hub (EMI?), re-enabling... usb 4-1: USB disconnect, address 2 A possible solution is given below. Please note that if you have a usb keyboard or mouse then the command might cause trouble. rmmod uhci_hcd ; modprobe uhci_hcd 14 of 15 10/16/ :06 PM

15 Another option is to plug the FR into a different USB port on the host, preferably one on the Motherboard not the hub. Disconnecting the Neo's USB while powering up may prevent this problem in the future. Related pages See Flashing the Neo 1973 and Flashing the Neo FreeRunner for instructions on using dfu-util to install a new bootloader in your phone. Retrieved from " Categories: System Developers Flashing Openmoko This page was last modified 19:35, 6 October Content is available under GNU Free Documentation License of 15 10/16/ :06 PM