XML & DBs Interrogation des documents XML
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1 XML & DBs Interrogation des documents XML A.Boukottaya
2 Interrogation des documents XML HyOQL SGMLQL StruQL Before XML W3QL Lorel XMLQL.. XQL Xpath XML Xquery W3C standard 2
3 XPath (chemin = axes) Position (nœud) courant self. Descendants Direct child / (In)direct descendant // Predecesseurs Direct parent.. (In)direct ancestor Frères Meme niveau sibling Navigation following- / preceding-sibling Autres ancestor-or-self descendant-or-self namespace 3
4 Chemins ancestor processing root parent self sibling attribut children commentaire descendant texte 4
5 XPath (fonctions) Positions relatives et information locale Exemples: position() : postion dans le contexte number() : Nombre de positions possibles dans le contexte count() : Cardinalité d un «node-set» last() : Indicateur de derniere position Autres: Fonctions booléennes: and, not, or, Operateurs : mod, >, <=, Fonctions de chaîne: contains, substring-before Permettent des requêtes de base Analyse des contenus et noms de balises/attributs 5
6 XPath : exemples child::paragraphe : enfant <paragraphe >./paragraphe (premier de la liste) child::text() : texte contenu dans les enfants descendant::paragraphe : element paragraphe dans le ss-arbre //paragraphe child::*/child::paragraphe */paragraphe child::paragraphe/descendant::section./paragraphe//section /descendant::list/child::item //list/item child::paragraphe[position()=last()-1] (avant-dernier paragraphe) /child::doc/child::chapitre[position()=5] /child::section[position()=2] 6
7 XPath: plus d exemples /bank-2/account[balance > 400] /bank-2/account[balance > 400]/@account-nb /bank-2/account[@account-nb = A-101 ]/balance /bank-2/account[balance] /bank-2/account[position() = 2] /bank-2/account[2] /bank-1/customer[count(account) > 2] /bank-2//name /bank/*/account-nb /bank//* /bank-2/account[2] /bank-2/customer 7
8 Xquery : Historique Requêtes primitives sur SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language) 1998: propositions XQL et XML-QL 1999: création du XML Query WG (Working Group) Juin 2001: XQuery 1.0 WD (Working Draft) Buts du XML Query WG Modèle de données pour les documents XML Des opérateurs de requêtes pour ce modèle de données Un langage de requêtes basé sur ces opérateurs de requêtes 8
9 XQuery: un langage de requêtes pour XML Document XML généré à partir d une base de données Requêtes sur sur le document XML: «Filtrage de données XML» Création de sous-structures de données XML (résultat.xml) XQuery est un langage de requêtes fonctionnel où la requête est représentée sous la forme d une expression. Basé sur OQL, SQL, XML-QL, XPath. Compatible avec la syntaxe XML 9
10 XQuery: Expressions Expression de cheminement (XPATH): /a//b[c = 5] Constructeur d élément: <a>... </a> Expressions FLWR: FOR... LET... WHERE... RETURN Opérateurs et Fonctions: x + y, -z, foo(x, y) Expressions conditionnelles: IF... THEN... ELSE Conditions «Some» et «Every»: EVERY var IN expr SATISFIES expr Variables et constantes : $x, 5 Trie: expr SORTBY (expr ASCENDING,... ) INSERT, REPLACE, DELETE 10
11 XQuery: Expressions de cheminement Trouver les occurrences de figure avec le caption «Tree Frogs» dans le deuxième chapter du document XML «zoo.xml» document("zoo.xml")/chapter[2]//figure[caption = "Tree Frogs"] <bib> <book year="1994"> <title>tcp/ip Illustrated</title> <author> <last>stevens</last> <first>w.</first> </author> <publisher>addison- Wesley</publisher> <price> 65.95</price> document( bib.xml ) /bib/book/author //author[last= Stevens and first= W. ] /bib/book/author[1 TO 2] //book[ author[last= Stevens ] BEFORE author[last= Abiteboul ] ] </book> 11
12 XQuery: Expressions FLWR Prend quelques expressions Fait des liens entre eux Y applique des prédicats Et construit un nouveau résultat 12
13 XQuery: Expressions FLWR 13
14 XQuery: Expressions FLWR <bib> <book year="1994"> <title>tcp/ip Illustrated</title> <author><last>stevens</last><first>w.</first></author> <publisher>addison-wesley</publisher> <price> 65.95</price> </book> <book year="1992"> <title>advanced Programming in the Unix environment</title> <author><last>stevens</last><first>w.</first></author> <publisher>addison-wesley</publisher> <price>65.95</price> </book> </bib> 14
15 XQuery: Expressions FLWR Exemple de requête: for $b IN document(" where $b/publisher/text() = "Addison-Wesley" and $b/@year = "1994" return $b/title Réponse obtenue de la requête: <title>tcp/ip Illustrated</title> 15
16 XQuery Find all book titles published after 1995: FOR $x IN document("bib.xml")/bib/book WHERE $x/year > 1995 RETURN $x/title Result: <title> abc </title> <title> def </title> <title> ghi </title> 16
17 XQuery For each author of a book by Morgan Kaufmann, list all books she published: FOR $a IN distinct(document("bib.xml") /bib/book[publisher= Morgan Kaufmann ]/author) RETURN <result> $a, FOR $t IN /bib/book[author=$a]/title RETURN $t </result> distinct = a function that eliminates duplicates 17
18 XQuery Result: <result> <author>jones</author> <title> abc </title> <title> def </title> </result> <result> <author> Smith </author> <title> ghi </title> </result> 18
19 XQuery <big_publishers> FOR $p IN distinct(document("bib.xml")//publisher) LET $b := document("bib.xml")/book[publisher = $p] WHERE count($b) > 100 RETURN $p </big_publishers> count = a (aggregate) function that returns the number of elms 19
20 XQuery Find books whose price is larger than average: LET FOR $b in document("bib.xml")/bib/book WHERE > $a RETURN $b 20
21 XQuery Summary: FOR-LET-WHERE-RETURN = FLWR FOR/LET Clauses List of tuples WHERE Clause RETURN Clause List of tuples Instance of Xquery data model 21
22 FOR v.s. LET FOR $x IN document("bib.xml")/bib/book RETURN <result> $x </result> Returns: <result> <book>...</book></result> <result> <book>...</book></result> <result> <book>...</book></result>... LET $x := document("bib.xml")/bib/book RETURN <result> $x </result> Returns: <result> <book>...</book> <book>...</book> <book>...</book>... </result> 22
23 Collections dans XQuery Ordered and unordered collections /bib/book/author = an ordered collection Distinct(/bib/book/author) = an unordered collection LET $b = /bib/book $b is a collection $a = $b/author a collection (several authors...) RETURN <result> $a/author </result> Returns: <result> <author>...</author> <author>...</author> <author>...</author>... </result> 23
24 Collections dans XQuery What about collections in expressions? list of n prices $b/@price * 0.7 list of n numbers $b/@price * $b/@quantity list of n x m numbers?? $b/@price * ($b/@quant1 + $b/@quant2) $b/@price * $b/@quant1 + $b/@price * $b/@quant2!! 24
25 Sorting dans XQuery <publisher_list> FOR $p IN distinct(document("bib.xml")//publisher) RETURN <publisher> <name> $p/text() </name>, FOR $b IN document("bib.xml")//book[publisher = $p] RETURN <book> $b/title, $b/@price </book> SORTBY(price DESCENDING) </publisher> SORTBY(name) </publisher_list> 25
26 If-Then-Else FOR $h IN //holding RETURN <holding> $h/title, IF = "Journal" THEN $h/editor ELSE $h/author </holding> SORTBY (title) 26
27 Existential Quantifiers FOR $b IN //book WHERE SOME $p IN $b//para SATISFIES contains($p, "sailing") AND contains($p, "windsurfing") RETURN $b/title 27
28 Universal Quantifiers FOR $b IN //book WHERE EVERY $p IN $b//para SATISFIES contains($p, "sailing") RETURN $b/title 28
29 Fonctions Built-in fonctions max(), min(), sum(), count(), avg() distinct(), empty(), contains() the normative set has not yet been fixed User-defined fonctions XQuery syntaxe recursive typed FUNCTION depth(element $e) RETURNS integer { -- An empty element has depth 1 -- Otherwise, add 1 to max depth of children IF empty($e/*) THEN 1 ELSE max(depth($e/*)) + 1 } depth(document("partlist.xml")) 29
30 Group-By dans Xquery?? FOR $b IN document(" $y IN WHERE $b/publisher="morgan Kaufmann" RETURN GROUPBY $y WHERE count($b) > 10 IN <year> $y </year> with GROUPBY SELECT year Equivalent SQL FROM Bib WHERE Bib.publisher="Morgan Kaufmann" GROUPBY year HAVING count(*) > 10 30
31 Group-By dans Xquery?? FOR $b IN document(" $a IN $b/author, $y IN RETURN GROUPBY $a, $y IN <result> $a, <year> $y </year>, <total> count($b) </total> </result> with GROUPBY Without GROUPBY FOR $Tup IN distinct(for $b IN document(" $a IN $b/author, $y IN RETURN <Tup> <a> $a </a> <y> $y </y> </Tup>), $a IN $Tup/a/node(), $y IN $Tup/y/node() LET $b = document(" RETURN <result> $a, <year> $y </year>, <total> count($b) </total> </result> 31
32 Implémentation de XQuery La majorité des constructeur commence déjà à proposer des implémentations de Xquery Intégration dans l ensemble des BDs avec interface XML Classique Native XML Plusieurs démonstrateurs existent permettant de valider les exemples testes proposés par le W3C 32
33 QuiP by Software A.G. 33
34 Microsoft : démonstration XQuery Microsoft Corp. 34
35 X-hieve X-Hieve Corp. 35
36 IPSI - XQ IPSI démonstrateur 36
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