Privacy-Preserving Photo Sharing based on Secure JPEG
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1 Privacy-Preserving Photo Sharing based on Secure Lin Yuan, Touradj Ebrahimi Multimedia Signal Processing Group - MMSPG Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne EPFL CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland Touradj.Ebrahimi@epfl.ch 1 Social network and cloud service Easy and fast photo sharing,huge amount Privacy concern: A picture is worth a thousand words. Visual info., metadata, geo-taging, etc. Motivation 2 1
2 Privacy scandals Motivation Governmental surveillance, e.g. PRISM Leakage of celebrities private photos Existing privacy protection solutions limited degree of protection and control 3 Goal Goal and Approaches Diminish privacy risks in online photo sharing, while preserving a maximal usability Approaches Secure : Scrambling Transmorphing Photo sharing architecture based on a Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) 4 2
3 11/11/15 Scrambling Randomly change the signs of DCT coefficients Original photo Descrambled photos Signs of DCT coefficients Scrambled photo ROI 9, Level9, Key9 Pseudo-random number 9 k1 7 8 ROI1, Level1, Key k9 Metadata Insert parameters in header COST Action IC1206 MC&WGs meetings, Valletta, Malta 5 Transmorphing Converting an image to its processed version while preserving sufficient information about the original image in the processed image in order to reverse it. Reconstructed image Original image Mask matrix T Processed image 0!0!0!0!0!0!0!0!0!0! 0!0!0!0!0!0!1!1!0!0! 0!0!1!1!0!1!1!1!1!0! 0!1!1!1!1!1!1!1!1!0! 0!1!1!1!1!0!1!1!0!0! 0!0!1!1!0!0!0!0!0!0! 0!0!0!0!0!0!0!0!0!0! Threshold t Sub-image Transcoder Morphed image Transcoder Transcoder Sub-image embedded in APPn Markers COST Action IC1206 MC&WGs meetings, Valletta, Malta 6 3
4 Transmorphing APP marker in header Protected Sub-image Transmorphed image APP markers Protection method & parameters 0!0!0!0!0!0!0!0!0!0! 0!0!0!0!0!0!1!1!0!0! 0!0!1!1!0!1!1!1!1!0! 0!1!1!1!1!1!1!1!1!0! 0!1!1!1!1!0!1!1!0!0! 0!0!1!1!0!0!0!0!0!0! 0!0!0!0!0!0!0!0!0!0! File size in byte 0x01 0x02 0xB7 0x1F0x2A0x45 0xF4 0x3C 0x6B0xE10x13 Marker ID 1 byte Security Tool 2 bytes Mask Matrix m bytes Data Length 4 bytes Sub- Data n bytes Metadata 7 Evaluation and Comparison Bitrate Overhead - Scrambling - Transmorphing AVG. overhead (face regions scrambled) AVG. overhead (whole image scrambled) Low-level scrambled Medium-level scrambled High-level scrambled 1.87% 2.04% 2.15% 1.87% 4.89% 5.96% images, max. pixel resolution 1024 x 1024, file size 100 KB ~ 330 KB 8 4
5 Similarity Evaluation and Comparison compatible Reversible, and fast Difference Bitrate overhead Scrambling: extremely low Transmorphing: higher Pleasantness Transmorphing is absolutely better 9 Assumptions Client device/application completely trusted Server minimally trusted (for revocation) Social networks or cloud services not trusted Principles Photo data protection/recovery ONLY on client device ONLY protecteddata flying on cloud 10 5
6 Public Key Infrastructure Private key cryptography Like our Secure protections Public key cryptography Encryption with public key Decryption with private key Attribute-based Encryption key key Encryption data with an access structure (policy) Decryption with private key, associated with a set of attributes 11 Server side Content Server Untrusted Trusted Key Server Certificate Authority Client side User A User B 12 6
7 Photo protection, sharing and accessing Sender operation Server operation Protection Protected Recovery Key Generator Secret Key CP-ABE Encryption Encrypted Secret Key CP-ABE Decryption Secret Key Access Policy Sender APK ASK 13 Assign attribute privacy keys to friends Sender operation Server operation ASK PKC Encryption Encrypted ASK PKC Decryption ASK CP-ABE Key Generator TPK TSK Sender APK Sender AMSK Attributes 14 7
8 11/11/15 Prototype and Demo Prototype application: ProShare ios Android ProShare COST Action IC1206 MC&WGs meetings, Valletta, Malta 15 Security and Privacy SOI APP1 (Exif) Data SOI APP1 (Exif) APP1 (Exif) APP3 (JPSearch) APP3 (JPSearch) APP11 (protected metadata) APP11 (protected image data) data EOI original codestream -1 decoder Data APP1 (Exif) APP3 (JPSearch) Privacy & Security decoder EOI compatible codestream with data protection COST Action IC1206 MC&WGs meetings, Valletta, Malta APP11 (protected metadata) APP11 (protected image data) data 16 8
9 Future Work Context-aware privacy protection Further evaluation 17 Thanks! Question? 18 9
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