@(5&%4=:0%(A*<$%=4*<%1#=0()* !$380:*+:3$'()*'(*<$%=48* B=5%(%1%=8*3(4*B43#0C,*<$%=48*

Transcription

1 !"#$%&'()*+,$-./#01'230%(*3(4* +,$-.+536'$'230%(*7&%#,&0,8*'(* 9'%$%)':3$$;.'(8#'&,4*<$%=4*<%1#=0()* >=(*+=2=?'*!"#$%&'"(&)*+),*'#-&"%)./0"(/") 1(02"%30&4)*+)5$33$/6-3"738)9*3&*() :;3</3=-'>="?-) @(5&%4=:0%(A*<$%=4*<%1#=0()* Computing with Internet-accessible data centers (clouds) Application Users Access applications via the Internet Cloud is a deployment platform for network applications e.g., Gmail and Google Maps Cloud Upload and deploy apps via the Internet Pay resource utilization fees Application Developers provides computing/networking resources (e.g., CPU cores, memory and bandwidth) on an on-demand basis for applications. Each app developer/provider rents a part of available resources in a pay-per-use manner runs applications with the resources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users Agents Host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

4 B),(5*+5&=:5=&,* (1) Attributes (metadata) " Energy level " Service price (in energy unit) (2) Body " Functional service provided to users and other agents (e.g., web service) (3) Behaviors " invokes a behavior to adapt to the current environment. " e.g., migrate to a busier host " Higher chances to gain energy. 7$3H%&1*+5&=:5=&,* (1) Attributes " Health level " a function of the age of and resource availability on a host that the platform works on. (2) Runtime Services (3) Behaviors " Invokes a behavior to adapt to the current environment. " e.g. replicates itself on a neighboring healthier host " Resource availability to be increased " A healthier host to be used for running a platform and agents B*I,&;*J')D.$,C,$*I',K*%-*B),(58L*3(4* 7$3H%&18L*9,D3C'%&*@(C%:30%(8* User Agent More service requests More energy intake Agent s energy level goes up.

5 Agents replicate themselves in response to increased workload. Agents replicate themselves in response to increased workload. s energy level goes up. s heath level (resource availability) goes down. A platforms is replicated. Agents migrate to balance resource utilization on network hosts.

6 Service request rate spikes. Agents replicate themselves. Resource availability goes down on hosts. Agents and platforms spread over hosts to process incoming messages. Service request rate drops. Agents and platforms cannot gain enough energy (from users) to survive. Agents and platforms die due to energy starvation.

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`F$R*%'K0(0H$&"?)34'>0*303) I)3"Z-"(/")*+)$)#F$R*%'V3)>"6$20*%)0(2*/$H*()$(?)0&3)F*/$F)$D"(&V3) >"6$20*%)0(2*/$H*()) 73;%P*<%1#=530%(*,*'#-&")$)#$4*M)+*%)"$/6)>"6$20*%)3"Z-"(/") 9$3"?)*()"3H'$&"?)"(20%*('"(&)/*(?0H*(3) `F$R*%'V3)6"$F&6)F"2"F) \)*+)$D"(&3)#"%)#F$R*%')."%20/")%"Z-"3&)%$&") `*30H2"A("D$H2")#$4*M)!)"(20%*('"(&)/*(?0H*(3)$%") ";#"/&"?)&*)0'#%*2"A?"D%$?"=)) Agent Agent P s payoff, A s payoff 200, , , ,

9 Q'(4'()*3(*!R='$'6&'=1* I()";&"(302")D$'")$FB$43)6$3)$&)F"$3&)*(")a$36) "Z-0F0>%0-'=) 9$/EB$%?)0(?-/H*()/$()?"&"%'0(")"Z-0F0>%0$=)) Q'(4'()*3(*!R='$'6&'=1* X6")3"Z-"(/")*+).0:.-;6&%-)<=(*.#%-)'03)$()"Z-0F0>%0-'=) 9*&6)#F$4"%3)/$((*&)D$0()60D6"%)#$4*M3)>4)/6$(D0(D)&6"0%) >"6$20*%3=)) L"#%"3"(&3)$)#F$R*%'K$D"(&)34'>0*303)&6$&)&6")&B*)3#"/0"3)/$() $D%"")-#*(=)) Agent P s payoff, A s payoff Agent P s payoff, A s payoff 200, , , , , , , , _()"$/6)D"("%$H*(J) [*%)"$/6)$D"(&J) _(2*E")$()$D"(&K0(0H$&"?)34'>0*H/)3"Z-"(/")*+)>"6$20*%3) _+)>*&6)$D"(&)#$4*M)$(?)#F$R*%')#$4*M)$%")#*30H2") O&6"%B03"8)0(2*E")&6")$D"(&V3)>"6$20*%)B0&6)0&3)>"6$20*%)#*F0/4) [*%)"$/6)#F$R*%'J) _(2*E")$)#F$R*%'K0(0H$&"?)34'>0*H/)3"Z-"(/")*+)>"6$20*%3) _+)>*&6)$D"(&)#$4*M)$(?)#F$R*%')#$4*M)$%")#*30H2") O&6"%B03"8)0(2*E")&6")#F$R*%'V3)>"6$20*%)B0&6)0&3)>"6$20*%)#*F0/4) +'1=$30%(*!C3$=30%(* bc)30'-f$&"?)6*3&3) Y*%EF*$?)&%$/")*+)&6")deef).*//"%)Y*%F?),-#V3)*g/0$F)B">) 30&") O(")$D"(&)$(?)*(")#F$R*%')$%")0(0H$FF4)?"#F*4"?)*()"$/6) 6*3&) _(0H$FF48)$D"(&3)$(?)#F$R*%'3)6$2")%$(?*'F4KD"("%$&"?)>"6$20*%) #*F0/0"3=)) 35 36

10 N,8#%(8,*E'1,* ED&%=)D#=5* w/ Self-Optimization Process w/ Self-Optimization & Self-Stabilization Processes w/ Self-Optimization Process w/ Self-Optimization & Self-Stabilization Processes <%(:$=8'%(8* `%*#*3"?)$(?)"2$F-$&"?)$)>0*K0(3#0%"?)$%/60&"/&-%")&*)>-0F?) 3"F+K*#H'0G$>F")$(?)3"F+K3&$>0F0G$>F")/F*-?)$##F0/$H*(3) O(KD*0(D)B*%E) S'#0%0/$F)"2$F-$H*()B0&6)bc)6*3&3) S'#0%0/$F)"2$F-$H*()%"3-F&3)$%")Z-$F0&$H2"F4)30'0F$%)&*)30'-F$H*()%"3-F&3=) h$%d"%k3/$f")30'-f$h*()"2$f-$h*()b0&6)ijj)6*3&3) [-&-%")?0%"/H*(3)."/-%0&4)20$)$?$#&$H*() 9"7"%)0(&"D%$H*()*+)3"F+K*#H'0G$H*()$(?)3"F+K3&$>0F0G$H*()#%*/"33"3) S'#0%0/$F)"2$F-$H*()B0&6)k%"$Fl)/F*-?3) I'$G*()S,b8)S-/$F4#&-38)"&/=)) 39