Lecture 3. ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Fourth Edition, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc.

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1 Lecture 3 Circuit i Laws, Voltage & Current Dividers ELECTICAL ENGINEEING: PINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Fourth Edition, by Allan. Hambley, 008 Pearson Education, Inc.

2 KICHHOFF S CUENT LAW The net current entering a node is zero. Alternatively, the sum of the currents entering a node equals the sum of the currents leaving a node. ELECTICAL ENGINEEING: PINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Fourth Edition, by Allan. Hambley, 008 Pearson Education, Inc.

3 ELECTICAL ENGINEEING: PINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Fourth Edition, by Allan. Hambley, 008 Pearson Education, Inc.

4 KICHHOFF S VOLTAGE LAW The algebraic sum of the voltages equals zero for any closed path (loop) in an electrical l circuit. i ELECTICAL ENGINEEING: PINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Fourth Edition, by Allan. Hambley, 008 Pearson Education, Inc.

5 ELECTICAL ENGINEEING: PINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Fourth Edition, by Allan. Hambley, 008 Pearson Education, Inc.

6 Ui Using KVLKCL KVL, KCL, and doh Ohm s Law to Solve a Circuit ELECTICAL ENGINEEING: PINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Fourth Edition, by Allan. Hambley, 008 Pearson Education, Inc.

7 5 V i y 5 Ω 3 A i 0. 5 i i x x y i x A ELECTICAL ENGINEEING: PINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Fourth Edition, by Allan. Hambley, 008 Pearson Education, Inc.

8 i x A v 0 i 0 V x x V v s x 5 V s 35 V ELECTICAL ENGINEEING: PINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Fourth Edition, by Allan. Hambley, 008 Pearson Education, Inc.

9 Chapter esistive Circuits. Solve circuits (i.e., find currents and voltages of interest) by combining resistances in series and parallel.. Apply the voltage-division and currentdivision principles. 3. Solve circuits by the node-voltage technique. ELECTICAL ENGINEEING: PINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Fourth Edition, by Allan. Hambley, 008 Pearson Education, Inc.

10 4. Solve circuits by the mesh-current technique. 5. Find Thévenin and Norton equivalents and apply source transformations. 6. Apply the superposition principle. i 7. Draw the circuit diagram and state the principles of operation for the Wheatstone bridge. ELECTICAL ENGINEEING: PINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Fourth Edition, by Allan. Hambley, 008 Pearson Education, Inc.

11 v v v v i i i i ( 3 ) 3 3 i eq ELECTICAL ENGINEEING: PINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Fourth Edition, by Allan. Hambley, 008 Pearson Education, Inc.

12 v v v v v i i i i 3 ELECTICAL ENGINEEING: PINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Fourth Edition, by Allan. Hambley, 008 Pearson Education, Inc. eq 3 3

13 ELECTICAL ENGINEEING: PINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Fourth Edition, by Allan. Hambley, 008 Pearson Education, Inc.

14 ELECTICAL ENGINEEING: PINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Fourth Edition, by Allan. Hambley, 008 Pearson Education, Inc.

15 eq ELECTICAL ENGINEEING: PINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Fourth Edition, by Allan. Hambley, 008 Pearson Education, Inc.

16 Ω total Ω 3Ω ELECTICAL ENGINEEING: PINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Fourth Edition, by Allan. Hambley, 008 Pearson Education, Inc.

17 eq eq. 0Ω ELECTICAL ENGINEEING: PINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Fourth Edition, by Allan. Hambley, 008 Pearson Education, Inc.

18 Ω eq 8Ω Ω 0Ω ELECTICAL ENGINEEING: PINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Fourth Edition, by Allan. Hambley, 008 Pearson Education, Inc.

19 eq Ω eq 5 Ω ELECTICAL ENGINEEING: PINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Fourth Edition, by Allan. Hambley, 008 Pearson Education, Inc.

20 ELECTICAL ENGINEEING: PINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Fourth Edition, by Allan. Hambley, 008 Pearson Education, Inc.

21 ELECTICAL ENGINEEING: PINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Fourth Edition, by Allan. Hambley, 008 Pearson Education, Inc.

22 ELECTICAL ENGINEEING: PINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Fourth Edition, by Allan. Hambley, 008 Pearson Education, Inc.

23 ELECTICAL ENGINEEING: PINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Fourth Edition, by Allan. Hambley, 008 Pearson Education, Inc.

24 ELECTICAL ENGINEEING: PINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Fourth Edition, by Allan. Hambley, 008 Pearson Education, Inc.

25 Circuit Analysis using Series/Parallel Equivalents. Begin by locating a combination of resistances that are in series or parallel. Often the place to start is farthest from the source.. edraw the circuit with the equivalent resistance for the combination found in step. ELECTICAL ENGINEEING: PINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Fourth Edition, by Allan. Hambley, 008 Pearson Education, Inc.

26 3. epeat steps and until the circuit is reduced as far as possible. Often (but not always) we end up with a single source and a single resistance. 4. Solve for the currents and voltages in the final equivalent circuit. ELECTICAL ENGINEEING: PINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Fourth Edition, by Allan. Hambley, 008 Pearson Education, Inc.

27 ELECTICAL ENGINEEING: PINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Fourth Edition, by Allan. Hambley, 008 Pearson Education, Inc.

28 ELECTICAL ENGINEEING: PINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Fourth Edition, by Allan. Hambley, 008 Pearson Education, Inc.

29 v 60V V i 30Ω A v 60V i3 A 60 Ω v 3 i ( 0Ω)( 3A) 30V ELECTICAL ENGINEEING: PINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Fourth Edition, by Allan. Hambley, 008 Pearson Education, Inc.

30 ELECTICAL ENGINEEING: PINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Fourth Edition, by Allan. Hambley, 008 Pearson Education, Inc.

31 ELECTICAL ENGINEEING: PINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Fourth Edition, by Allan. Hambley, 008 Pearson Education, Inc.

32 ELECTICAL ENGINEEING: PINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Fourth Edition, by Allan. Hambley, 008 Pearson Education, Inc.

33 ELECTICAL ENGINEEING: PINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Fourth Edition, by Allan. Hambley, 008 Pearson Education, Inc.

34 Voltage Division v i vtotal 3 v i v vtotal 3 Of the total voltage, the fraction that appears across a given resistance in a series circuit is the ratio of the given resistance to the total series resistance. ELECTICAL ENGINEEING: PINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Fourth Edition, by Allan. Hambley, 008 Pearson Education, Inc.

35 ELECTICAL ENGINEEING: PINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Fourth Edition, by Allan. Hambley, 008 Pearson Education, Inc.

36 Application of the Voltage- Division Principle v v 3 total V 4 5 ELECTICAL ENGINEEING: PINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Fourth Edition, by Allan. Hambley, 008 Pearson Education, Inc.

37 eq v eq i total i total ELECTICAL ENGINEEING: PINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Fourth Edition, by Allan. Hambley, 008 Pearson Education, Inc.

38 Current Division v i i total v i i ttl total i i For two resistances in parallel, the fraction of the total current flowing in a resistance is the ratio of the other resistance s to the sum of the two resistances. s ELECTICAL ENGINEEING: PINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Fourth Edition, by Allan. Hambley, 008 Pearson Education, Inc.

39 Find i 3 i s v s x 00.5 A 60 0 i 30 3 i s (.5 ) A ELECTICAL ENGINEEING: PINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Fourth Edition, by Allan. Hambley, 008 Pearson Education, Inc.

40 Find i ELECTICAL ENGINEEING: PINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Fourth Edition, by Allan. Hambley, 008 Pearson Education, Inc.

41 Application of the Current- Division Principle eq i Ω eq i s eq 0A ELECTICAL ENGINEEING: PINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Fourth Edition, by Allan. Hambley, 008 Pearson Education, Inc.

42 Use the voltage division principle to find the unknown voltages ELECTICAL ENGINEEING: PINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Fourth Edition, by Allan. Hambley, 008 Pearson Education, Inc.

43 5 0V v vs ( 0V ) V v vs ( 0V ) v v s ( 0V ) 0 V 4 0V V v v s V 30V ( 0 V ) 60 V ELECTICAL ENGINEEING: PINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Fourth Edition, by Allan. Hambley, 008 Pearson Education, Inc.

44 eq. 9 Ω 7 5 ( 3)( 0V ) 3 v vs ( 0V ) v eq eq eq 4 4 v s ( 0V ) (.9)( 0V ) 9.9 ( 4)( 0V ) 4 4 v4 vs ( 0V ) eq V 5.89V 8.06V ELECTICAL ENGINEEING: PINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Fourth Edition, by Allan. Hambley, 008 Pearson Education, Inc.

45 Use the current division principle to find the currents ELECTICAL ENGINEEING: PINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Fourth Edition, by Allan. Hambley, 008 Pearson Education, Inc.

46 3 5 i it i i () 3 A () 3 A t 3 ELECTICAL ENGINEEING: PINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Fourth Edition, by Allan. Hambley, 008 Pearson Education, Inc.

47 eq eq 5 i is 5 0 i i 3 eq eq eq i s eq i s eq 5 0 () 3 A () 3 A ( 3 ) A ELECTICAL ENGINEEING: PINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Fourth Edition, by Allan. Hambley, 008 Pearson Education, Inc.

48 esistor Cube ELECTICAL ENGINEEING: PINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Fourth Edition, by Allan. Hambley, 008 Pearson Education, Inc.

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