FNDE 103 Information Technology

Transcription

1 FNDE 103 Information Technology S.P. Samaranayaka Bsc(Hon s),m.sc(computer Science) IT-Center University of Peradeniya 6/21/2018 FNDE-103 1

2 Computing What is computer A computer is an electronic device that manipulates information, or data according to set of instructions. Set of instructions are called program. That is computer has the ability to retrieve, process and store data. Instructions Storage 6/21/2018 FNDE-103 2

3 Hardware Physical components of computer such as the system unit (computer), mouse, keyboard, monitor etc Basically, hardware means what is tangible i.e., Something that can be touched and felt. 6/21/2018 FNDE-103 3

4 Software Collection of executable programs with proper documentation and configuration file That makes the computer work. Held secondary storages (HARD DISK, CD-ROM, DVD or FLOPPY DISK) Loaded (copied) into the RAM (RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY), as and when executing time. Intangible (cannot be touched and felt) as opposed to hardware. 6/21/2018 FNDE-103 4

5 Live ware Working personnel, especially computer personnel, as distinct from the inanimate or abstract things they work with. 6/21/2018 FNDE-103 5

6 Central Processing Unit 6/21/2018 FNDE-103 6

7 Central Processing Unit The CPU is the brain inside the computer. Main components of CPU Control Unit Directs operation of the processor. Controls communication and co-ordination between input/output devices Arithmetic Logic Unit Digital circuit that performs integer arithmetic and logical operations Registers Small amount of memory associated with the CPU (registers) uses to store data to be operated. It also access the main memory (RAM - Random Access Memory) within your computer. CPU and Main Memory are linked together by Buses. Buses contains sets of parallel electrical conducting lines 6/21/2018 FNDE-103 7

8 Hierarchy of storage Primary storage Directly accessible to the CPU Ex: RAM Secondary storage Not directly accessible to the CPU Ex: Hard disk Tertiary storage Mount (plug) and unmount removable mass storage Ex: Pen Drive Off-line storage Physically inserted into a system every time a users wants to access or edit data. Ex: Magnetic Tape 6/21/2018 FNDE-103 8

9 Software Collection of executable programs with proper documentation and configuration files Software System Software Application Software Utility Software Packaged Software Custom-Made Software 6/21/2018 FNDE-103 9

10 Types of Software System Software Controls the operations of a computer and the other types of software that runs on the computer. Ex: operating system, device drivers, programming languages, compilers, assemblers,translators and editors, and debuggers Application Software Type of program that you use once the operating system has been loaded. Programs designed to perform specific tasks 6/21/2018 FNDE

11 Application software Application software may be of two types. Packaged Software(Generic) Programs prewritten by professional programmers that are typically offered for sale. Word-processing applications,spreadsheet applications,database applications,presentation applications Custom-Made Software Programs written for a specific purpose and for a specific organization Banking system,student Registration System 6/21/2018 FNDE

12 Utility Software Utility software carries out all the day to day tasks in maintaining a computer system and its data files. Ex: screensaver, virus checker, and system tools like disk defragmenter. Certain utility programs are usually bundled along with the operating system. 6/21/2018 FNDE

13 What is an operating System? Software program that enables the computer hardware to communicate and operate with other software. 6/21/2018 FNDE

14 Operating Systems. It is loaded into the main memory when the computer is switched on. OS HD LOAD OS TO RAM RAM 6/21/2018 FNDE

15 Operating Systems. The operating system does the followings on a computer: Manage computer resources such as memory,. Controls a Computer s Hardware Runs a Computer s Programs Organizes Files 6/21/2018 FNDE

16 Operating Systems. A part of the OS remains in the main memory until the computer is turned off. OS RAM 6/21/2018 FNDE

17 Types of User Interfaces User interfaces let user communicate with the computer. There are two types of them, Command Line Interface (CLI) Graphical User Interface (GUI) 6/21/2018 FNDE

18 An Example of a CLI 6/21/2018 FNDE

19 Operating System. Command Line Interface(CLI). Users have to use keyboard commands to use the OS. The user has to remember the commands. At the beginning all the OS were running in CLI mode. Even today some OSs give CLI as a part of their system tools. Examples : MS DOS, Linux, UNIX, etc. 6/21/2018 FNDE

20 An Example of a GUI 6/21/2018 FNDE

21 Operating System. Graphical User Interface (GUI). Contains graphics and icons and is commonly navigated by using a computer mouse and can be used to invoke commands. The GUI was first used on Apple Macintosh Computers The GUI is very easy to learn and use i.e. user friendly. Many of the modern operating systems come with GUIs Example : Windows 3.1, windows 95, windows 98, windows ME, windows NT, Windows 2000, Windows XP(Home/Professional),Windows- 8,windows-8.1,windows-10 6/21/2018 FNDE

22 Operating System. Some operating systems support both GUI and CLI. Example : linux 6/21/2018 FNDE

23 6/21/2018 FNDE

24 Applications OS Hardware 6/21/2018 FNDE

25 Applications OS Hardware 6/21/2018 FNDE

26 Layered Architecture 6/21/2018 FNDE

27 Open Source vs. Proprietary Software Open source Obtain with software source code User can get open software for free of charge Users can modify the software Users can install software freely into any computer No one is responsible to the software Proprietary Software Purchased without software source code User must pay to get the proprietary software Users cannot modify the software Users must have a license from vendor before install Full support from vendor if anything happened to the software 6/21/2018 FNDE

28 Information Technology Use of systems (especially computers and telecommunications) for storing, retrieving, and sending information. 6/21/2018 FNDE

29 Collaborative tool A collaboration tool helps people to collaborate. Purpose To support a group of two or more individuals to accomplish a common goal or objective. Collaboration tools can be Non-technological nature such as paper, flipcharts, post-it notes Software tools and applications such as collaborative software. 6/21/2018 FNDE

30 Main types of Collaborative Tools Communication Voic Instant messaging (IM) VoIP(Voice over IP) / video call Coordination Online Calender Collaboration Video conferencing IM teleconferencing 6/21/2018 FNDE

31 Communication (Electronic mail ) Method of exchanging messages ("mail") between people using electronic devices. Use SMTP protocol Voic Computer-based system that allows users and subscribers to exchange personal voice messages 6/21/2018 FNDE

32 Communication Instant messaging (IM) Able to reach people within an organization in real-time 6/21/2018 FNDE

33 Communication VoIP(Voice over IP) / video call Group of technologies for the delivery of voice communications and multimedia sessions over Internet 6/21/2018 FNDE

34 Event scheduling Activity of finding a suitable time for an event such as meeting, conference..etc. It is an important part of event planning Carried out at its beginning stage. Online calendar best tool for event scheduling 6/21/2018 FNDE

35 Video conferencing Comprises the technologies for the reception and transmission of audio-video signals by users at different locations For communication between people in real-time. 6/21/2018 FNDE

36 IM teleconferencing Live exchange and mass articulation of information among several persons Machines remote from one another but linked by a telecommunications system. 6/21/2018 FNDE

37 webinar A seminar conducted over the internet. 6/21/2018 FNDE

38 Co-browsing (collaborative browsing) Joint navigation through the world wide web by two or more people accessing the same web page at the same time ex: share google document among multiple users 6/21/2018 FNDE

39 A mind map A diagram used to visually organize information. A mind map is hierarchical and shows relationships among pieces of the whole. 6/21/2018 FNDE

40 File Sharing Distributing or providing access to digital media, such as computer programs, multimedia (audio, images and video), documents or electronic books. Ex: Google Drive 6/21/2018 FNDE

41 Online Presentation Software Tools PowerPoint Online. Google Slides. Keynote. LinkedIn SlideShare. Zoho Show. FlowVella. LibreOffice Impress. 6/21/2018 FNDE

42 Cloud Computing Using a network of remote servers hosted on the internet to store, manage, and process data. Rather than a local server or a personal computer. Use of hardware and software to deliver a service over a network (typically the Internet). Ex: Cloud Computing Provider is google's gmail. Gmail users can access files and applications hosted by google via the internet from any device. 6/21/2018 FNDE

43 Basic service model Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) Provides access to fundamental resources such as physical machines, virtual machines, virtual storage, Ex - Customer Relationship Management, games, virtual desktop applications Platform as a Service (PaaS) Provides the runtime environment for applications, development & deployment tools, Ex - Database, web server, deployment tools Software as a Service (SaaS) Allows to use software applications as a service to end users. Ex - Virtual machines, servers, storage, networks 6/21/2018 FNDE

44 Cloud computing architecture Components and subcomponents Front end platform (fat client, thin client, mobile device) Back end platforms (servers, storage), A cloud based delivery A network (Internet, Intranet, Intercloud). 6/21/2018 FNDE

45 Clouds Architecture 6/21/2018 FNDE

46 Cloud Architecture 6/21/2018 FNDE

47 Cloud Computing Advantages Cost Savings Reliability Manageability Flexibility for growth Efficient recovery Access your data anywhere, anytime. Disadvantages Security Vendor Lock-In Limited Control Bandwidth issues. 6/21/2018 FNDE

48 Application of mobile devices A mobile app is a computer program designed to run on a mobile device such as a phone/tablet or watch. 6/21/2018 FNDE

49 Application of mobile devices to improve efficiency 6/21/2018 FNDE