It s STEAM, Punk!! The chronicle of dragging a 1935 steam boiler kicking and screaming into the Twenty-First Century

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2 It s STEAM, Punk!! The chronicle of dragging a 1935 steam boiler kicking and screaming into the Twenty-First Century Charles J. Lord, PE, President Blue Ridge Advanced Design and Automation, PLLC

3 The Original Challenge 1935 Capital Radiator coal-fired boiler Simple control system: Add more coal to get warmer Add less coal to get less warm 3

4 Modernized! Around 1950, converted to electric oil burner Add thermostat, overpressure sensor, water level sensor, flame sensor (stack control) IF (thermostat_demand) and (not_overpressure) and (not_low_on_water), heat water. 4

5 Limitations The 60 (+/-) gallons of water in the massive cast iron tank has a large thermal mass takes a while to heat This system is highly inefficient They didn t care oil was cheap! 5

6 Bring on the 21 st Century #2 Heating Oil reached $4/gallon in 2013 Modern systems anticipate needs look at outside temperature and other factors How to Re-engineer early 20 th C tech to 21 st? 6

7 The Basic System Temperature sensors based on Panasonic PAN modules running Freescale SMAC Controller on furnace based on FRDM-K64 with PAN PAN controller 7

8 Changing Steam to Steampunk Bring the latest of modern technology to a pre-technology setting Make this solution based not on wired network let s make it IoT and Cloud based! 8

9 Highlights Adding intelligent and predictive control to a simple (yet expensive to operate) steam heating plant The controller and sensor network are part of the Internet of Things (IoT) more specifically, the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) Using The Cloud as our data store, and in the future, as our auxiliary compute engine 9

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11 So What *IS* the Internet of Things A collection of unique objects gathered in an Internet-like structure Term coined by Kevin Ashton in 1999 Proctor and Gamble, later MIT Started primarily as tracking was basis for RFID Outgrowth in tagging: bar codes, QR, digital watermarks, etc 11

12 Everything about Everything IoT quickly grew from simply tracking some objects to the concept of tracking everything of interest Depending on the definition, you can then monitor parameters of interest associated with each object not just location (and sometimes location is not of interest) 12

13 Ericsson: We have a vision of 50 billion connected devices by 2020 Anything that benefits from being connected will be connected - IoT Devcon,

14 What Flavor of IoT? The IoT is now being thought of as two types of network, coined the Human IoT and the Industrial IoT The Human IoT is characterized as having human interaction and low failure impact. The Industrial IoT is characterized as operating without direct human interaction and oversight, sometimes with potential catastrophic failure impact. 14

15 Industrial IoT (IIoT) Primarily devices that work with one another without human interaction or intervention (M2M) Robustness, controlled failure modes, security become primary issues 15

16 Communications Optical bar code, QR, OCR, bio Passive transponder RFID PAN ZigBee, BTLE, Z-wave, 6LoPAN, etc WiFi (802.11x) ISM Cell (4G, 5G, 3GPP, CDMA, etc) Wired xxbaset, CAN, others Others, all of the above 16

17 Major Areas of Development 17

18 Delivery Models SaaS PaaS IaaS Deployment Models Private cloud Community cloud Public cloud Hybrid cloud Cloud Models 18

19 type of service Software as a Service (SaaS) is a software distribution model in which applications are hosted by a vendor or service provider and made available to customers over a network, typically the Internet. 19

20 PaaS Platform as a Service (PaaS) is a way to rent hardware, operating systems, storage and network capacity over the Internet. The service delivery model allows the customer to rent virtualized servers and associated services for running existing applications or developing and testing new ones. 20

21 IaaS Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) is a provision model in which an organization outsources the equipment used to support operations, including storage, hardware, servers and networking components. The service provider owns the equipment and is responsible for housing, running and maintaining it. The client typically pays on a per-use basis. 21

22 Cloud Storage Create an Account User name and password Content lives with the account in the cloud Log onto any computer with Wi-Fi to find your content 22

23 The Cloud and IoT 23

24 More than Storage The billions and billions of bytes of data that will be generated by the billions of IoT nodes don t just need a place to be stored it needs a rapidly-scalable engine for processing that data and making it useful to all who should need that data. So we need Cloud app development New paradigms for security 24

25 Google Services (a subset) Compute Engine (IaaS) App Engine (for writing your cloud apps) Three basic storage solutions: Datastore: non-relational (NoSQL) SQL (relational) General Cloud Storage (object oriented) Big Data tools for query and data flow 25

26 Gateways Translate data protocols (e.g. ZigBee to IPv6) Translate Data (e.g. Node 26, 74.3 to object pairs { TempSensor : , Time : , Value : 74.3} Provide security levels Provide handshaking for putting / getting data from cloud stores and interacting with cloud apps (including queries) 26

27 The Cloud-Savvy IoT Node IF you have the computational overhead and power available, you can provide the needed protocol in a node. Challenge #1: Most code is written in Web a combination of HTTP along with Java, Javascript, PHP, Ruby on Rails, AJAX, etc etc Challenge #2: Libraries are geared toward OS-based clients PC, MAC, Linux 27

28 Enter Java ME Embedded Java Micro Edition, designed for embedded systems Available for a couple of mid-sized ARM (Cortex-M) cores (K-64 and Raspberry PI) I used the edition for the Freescale K64 on a FRDM- K64 board 28

29 Freescale FRDM-K64 K64 Cortex-M4 120 MHz 1 MB flash 256 KB RAM mbed Arduino R3 pin layout 29

30 Java Micro Edition Large subset of Java in a virtual machine format Based on the mature Java Cell code used by many devices including cell phones, parking meters, etc This code, originally used on larger ARM processors and other targets (A9, ATOM, etc) has been optimized for smaller processors including the Cortex M3 and M4 microcontrollers (as of v8.1). 30

31 Java ME 31

32 Getting Java ME Embedded on the K

33 MBED Joint development of ARM, chip mfrs and others to produce a universal OS for ARM Particularly suited for IoT applications Includes a new universal replacement for JTAG USB debug, serial interface, bootloader mbed.org and developer.mbed.org 33

34 Eventual mbed Stack (4Q15) 34

35 Getting Java MEE on the K64 The Java MEE fits (barely!) in flash the initialization file (parts that we can modify) as well as code I developed went on a micro-sd card 35

36 Add Cloud, Stir Next, I wrote some simple Java code (from the Google Cloud Services website) to read and write to my Google Data Store Current stage developing the actual control system as a cloud app 36

37 Resources Check out the archived classes at the Design News Continuing Education Center Presented by Digi-Key: I presented on: IoT IIoT IPv6 Taking IoT to the Cloud 37

38 Resources There will be an ongoing blog series at Design News on this topic and project Also blog / newsletter on my website 38

39 I am available to answer simple questions or to consult (or offer in-house training for your company)