Cellular Communication Systems

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1 Cellular Communication Systems Graduate course in Computer Science Integrated Communication Systems (ICS) Group -> Teaching -> Master studies -> Cellular Communication Systems Winter Semester Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim (lecturers) Mehdi Harounabadi (seminars)

2 Course Motivation Why is this important? Still dramatic increase in mobile communications Domination of Internet traffic Transition from voice to data services Transition towards pseudo flat rates Convergence of the Telecommunication world and the Internet world Transition from circuit-switched to packet-switching technology Mobile/Wireless Internet New applications and services New services and challenges streaming: broadcast vs. unicast machine-to-machine communications: scalability and overhead car-to-car and (cooperative) multihop communications low latency, high reliability 2

3 Course Contents Review of the basics of mobile communications Overview on GSM, GPRS and EDGE UMTS (3G) networks, including - network architecture, - network elements, - protocols and - service aspects Architecture, protocols and services of UMTS networks especially - the radio access network and - the core network Evolution towards LTE and LTE-Advanced - High-speed Packet Data (HSPA), - Long-term Evolution (LTE) and System Architecture Evolution (SAE) - Self-organization in LTE and LTE-Advanced Focus on network aspects rather than radio details 3

4 Course Objectives Understand how mobile networks work Be able to navigate and understand UMTS and LTE standards Understand why UMTS and LTE has been defined the way it is Understand the evolution path from 2G to 4G => Acquire a reasonable deep understanding of a highly complex system => Understanding of the system from the system architect s view or: abstract from the details and understand the story as a whole 4

5 Working Method Study of real Telco systems with their specific problems Identify and solve the identified problems instead of a general study of abstract problems Lots of discussion (hopefully) Individual studies Assignment of a paper to each student Deep understanding of the paper Preparation of a presentation Final presentations: December 18 & 20, 2017 Exam Oral exam (20 min, please register at ICS office in Z1031) Grading scheme: 80% oral exam, 20% individual studies 50% correct answers required to pass oral exam 5

6 Organisational Stuff Lecture: first half of semester (4 hrs per week) Individual studies: second half of semester (term paper and presentations) Course prerequisites: Basics of Communication Systems and Protocols (mandatory) Basics of Mobile Communication Networks, e.g. Advanced Mobile Communication Networks course (recommended) Slides and additional information are provided at -> Teaching -> Master Studies -> Cellular Communication Systems Instructor contact: Andreas Mitschele-Thiel Jens Mückenheim Phone: /2829 Phone: Course budget: appr. 30 hours of classes 6

7 Course Schedule 1 Introduction 12-Oct-17 2 Basics of Wireless Transmissions 3 2G: GSM and GSM Evolution 19-Oct-17 4 UMTS Architecture 5 UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN) 26-Oct-17 UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) 9 Wideband CDMA Principles 2-Nov Radio Resource Management 11 High-Speed Packet-Access (HSPA) 9-Nov High-Speed Packet-Access (EDCH) 6 UTRAN Procedures 16-Nov-17 7 Numbering, Addressing and Location Identities 8 UE Modes, Mobility and Comm. Management (Overview) 13 UMTS-Evolution (HSPA+) 23-Nov LTE/SAE (Arch., Radio, Res. Mgmt., LTE-A) 15 Self-organization in LTE (Architecture and Use Cases) 30-Nov Advanced Concepts/5G Red topics are provided by Jens Mückenheim 7

8 Introduction Mobile Business and Services Market Expectations UMTS Services and Applications Technical Trends From 2G to 4G

9 First Mobile Radio (1924) How it began... 9

10 Business: Revenue for Mobile Operators (total) in Germany German Mobile Operators Revenues, estimates for 2007: more than 27 B$ = 21 B Total revenue Average revenue per user (ARPU) [US$m] [US$] [%] Total Mobile Revenues $27,559 $ % Voice Revenue $21,417 $ % Data Revenue $6,142 $ % Messaging Revenue $4,704 $ % SMS $4,026 $ % MMS $260 $ % $399 $ % Other Messaging $19 $ % Non-Messaging Revenue $1,438 $ % Ringtones $332 $ % Graphics/Images $162 $ % Games $263 $ % Information Services $163 $ % Music $59 $ % Video $88 $ % Mobile Data/Remote Access $371 $ % 10 o

11 Growth in Mobile Data See for details 11

12 Growth in Mobile Data by Devices See for details 12

13 Worldwide Number of Subscribers by Technology Region Q Q Q (%) Total 2,431,732,781 2,948,357, % GSM 2G 1,934,109,924 2,377,790, % UMTS (WCDMA) 3G 70,242, ,240, % UMTS/HSPA 3G 259,396 4,987, % TDMA 2G 31,491,377 12,126, % World PDC 2G 39,319,525 23,481, % iden 2G 25,321,560 27,078, % Analog 1G 4,467,113 2,021, % cdmaone 2G 29,466,577 15,551, % CDMA2000 1X 3G 260,661, ,503, % CDMA2000 1xEV-DO 3G 36,394,017 65,405, % CDMA2000 1xEV-DO Rev. A 3G - 171, % The Global mobile Suppliers Association (GSA) states that, as of November 2006, GSM/UMTS services are available in 134 networks in 59 countries, with 85% of mobile subscriptions worldwide = more than 2.5 billion (source: 13 o

14 UMTS: Universal Mobile Telecommunication System Services: - Traditional Voice - Teleservices like and Fax, SMS, MMS messaging - Wide-band Data for Multimedia and Wireless Internet: via dedicated access (Basic Release99) up to 144 kb/s for high speed mobiles up to 384 kb/s for low speed mobiles up to 2 Mb/s for portable/fixed users via high-speed packet access (HSPA, Release5, 6&7) up to /28.8 Mbit/s download up to 5.7/11.5 Mbit/s upload Spectral Efficiency: High Mobility & Roaming: Worldwide Compatibility: with 2G systems, especially GSM Physical characteristics: Wideband (W-)CDMA system with 5MHz bandwidth, 3.84 Mchps around 2000 MHz (EU), 1900 MHz (US), 1700 MHz (Japan) 14

15 Drivers for UMTS GSM (2nd generation): Optimized for circuit-switched voice High delay (180 ms round-trip) Small band, inflexible assignment of data rates Low data rates Suboptimal use of radio resources (spectral efficiency) UMTS (3rd generation): Focus on packet-switched data Lower latency Flexible assignment of spectrum with variable data rates Higher data rates for multimedia services Higher capacity of radio system Complicated RF planning (layout of frequency usage) Simplified RF engineering (no frequency planning) Standard set by Europe Worldwide agreed standard Globally available, but not planned as such Worldwide roaming by design 15

16 2G to 3G Evolution: GSM - GPRS - UMTS ATM based transport ISDN GSM RAN controller MSC GSM Core (Circuit switched) GMSC GSM HLR AuC EIR 16

17 2G to 3G Evolution: GSM - GPRS - UMTS ATM based transport ISDN GSM RAN controller MSC GSM Core (Circuit switched) GMSC GSM+GPRS HLR AuC EIR SGSN GPRS Core (Packet Switched) GGSN Internet 17

18 2G to 3G Evolution: GSM - GPRS - UMTS GSM RAN controller MSC ATM based transport GSM Core (Circuit switched) GSM+GPRS+UMTS R99 HLR AuC EIR GMSC ISDN UTRAN Radio network controller SGSN GPRS Core (Packet Switched) GGSN Internet 18

19 2G to 3G Evolution: GSM - GPRS - UMTS GERAN GSM RAN controller GERAN+UMTS R5 + IMS HSS IMS UTRAN Radio network controller SGSN IP based transport 3G Core GPRS Core (Packet Switched) GGSN Internet 19

IP-based Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) Service and Core Architecture is Access Agnostic UE

Multimedia Service Network (IMS) Session Control MGW Control PSTN UE NodeB RNC SGSN/ GGSN

16 WiMax AG FW UE SIP phone Cable, ethernet, DSL, etc PDN AG FW GGSN PDN RAN SGSN Access

20 IP-based Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) Service and Core Architecture is Access Agnostic UE BTS BSC/RNC GSM/GPRS RAN (GERAN) MSC/ SGSN/GGSN Common IP Core Network Services Common Multimedia Service Network (IMS) Session Control MGW Control PSTN UE NodeB RNC SGSN/ GGSN IP Router Access Proxy Media Gateway UMTS/HSPA RAN UE WiFi WiMax AG FW UE SIP phone Cable, ethernet, DSL, etc PDN AG FW GGSN PDN RAN SGSN Access Gateway Firewall Gateway GPRS Serving Node Packet Data Network Radio Access Network Serving GPRS Serving Node 20 o

21 4G: LTE, LTE-Advanced HSS IMS enb enb X RNC Internet enb Evolved-UTRAN (E-UTRAN) S-GW Evolved Packet Core (EPC) PDN-GW 21

22 4G: Integration of GERAN, UMTS and LTE 22

23 Summary of the Evolution Path (3GPP) 1G: Analog systems 2G (GSM): global digital personal communication system FDMA, TDMA, FDD circuit-switched voice (voice service) SMS global roaming 2G+ (GSM+GPRS+EDGE): introduction of packet-switched data IP to the terminal; ATM transport in the network multiplexing of packet-switched data on traffic channels of radio link IP tunneling in the packet-switched core network SS7 signaling, AAA, mobility management best effort data only (no QoS) EDGE: enhanced radio efficiency (adaptive modulation) GERAN: generalized access network, to connect to 3G core networks 3G (UMTS): packet-switched data... 23

24 Summary of the Evolution Path (cont d) 2G (GSM): global digital personal communication system 2G+ (GSM+GPRS+EDGE): introduction of packet-switched data 3G (UMTS): packet-switched data CDMA-FDD/TDD predominantly data communication focus on services and content all IP transport (3GPP R4): mobile, radio access network, core network SS7 signaling: AAA, mobility management, etc. QoS support seamless service (global roaming) Enhanced packet data performance: HSDPA+HSUPA HSPA Common IP-based service architecture (IMS) 4G: Integration of various radio technologies (satellite, broadcast, cellular, WLAN, BAN) use of the optimal radio link (w.r.t. spectral efficiency, delay, throughput, error rate, emission) IETF protocols for everything (all IP for transport and control) 24

25 3GPP Standards Releases (summary from/links to Wikipedia, 2017) Version Released Info Release Q1 Specified the first UMTS 3G networks, incorporating a CDMA air interface Release Q2 Originally called the Release added features including an all-ip Core Network Release Q1 Introduced IMS and HSDPA Release Q4 Integrated operation with Wireless LAN networks and adds HSUPA, MBMS, enhancements to IMS such as Push to Talk over Cellular (PoC), GAN (UMA) Release Q4 Focuses on decreasing latency, QoS and improvements to real-time applications like VoIP. This specification also focuses on HSPA+ (High Speed Packet Access Evolution), SIM high-speed protocol and contactless front-end interface (Near Field Communication enabling operators to deliver contactless services like Mobile Payments), EDGE Evolution. Release Q4 LTE (E-UTRA), All-IP Network (SAE). Release 8 constitutes a refactoring of UMTS as an entirely IP based fourth-generation network. Release Q4 SAES Enhancements, WiMAX and LTE/UMTS Interoperability. Dual- Cell HSDPA with MIMO, Dual-Cell HSUPA. Release Q1 LTE Advanced fulfilling IMT Advanced 4G requirements. Backwards compatible with release 8 (LTE). Multi-Cell HSDPA (4 carriers). Release Q3 Advanced IP Interconnection of Services. Service layer interconnection between national operators/carriers as well as third party application providers. 25 o

26 3GPP Standards Releases (summary from/links to Wikipedia, 2017) Release Q1 Enhanced Small Cells (higher order modulation, dual connectivity, cell discovery, self configuration), Carrier Aggregation (2 uplink carriers, 3 downlink carriers, FDD/TDD carrier aggregation), MIMO (3D channel modeling, elevation beamforming, massive MIMO), New and Enhanced Services (cost and range of MTC, D2D communication, embms enhancements) Release Q1 LTE in unlicensed, LTE enhancements for Machine-Type Communication. Elevation Beamforming / Full-Dimension MIMO, Indoor positioning. LTE-Advanced Pro. Release 14 Release 15 Planned for June 2017 Planned for Sept 2018 Energy Efficiency, Location Services (LCS), Mission Critical Data over LTE, Mission Critical Video over LTE, Flexible Mobile Service Steering (FMSS), Multimedia Broadcast Supplement for Public Warning System (MBSP), enhancement for TV service, massive Internet of Things, Cell Broadcast Service (CBS) Support for 5G Vehicle-to-x service, IP Multimedia Core Network Subsystem (IMS), Future Railway Mobile Communication System 26 o

27 Important Readings Books: Kaaranen, Ahtiainen, Laitinen, Naghian, Niemi: UMTS Networks Architecture, Mobility and Services. 2nd edition, Wiley, 2005 Holma, Toskala: WCDMA for UMTS. 4th edition, Wiley, 2007 Holma, Toskala: LTE for UMTS: Evolution to LTE-Advanced, 2011 Dahlman, Parkval, Sköld: 4G: LTE-Advanced Pro and the Road to 5G, Third Edition, Elsevier, 2016 Important Documents for UMTS/HSDPA/HSUPA: to : List of standards for Release 3 (R99), 4, 5 and 6, respectively : vocabulary for 3GPP specifications : UMTS network architecture (core network and access network entities) : GPRS architecture : UTRAN overview : Radio link protocols (UTRA) : UTRAN procedures Important Documents for LTE: : List of standards for EPS based 3GPP system (different versions for different releases) : GPRS enhancements for E-UTRAN : E-UTRAN Architecture description : E-UTRA & E-UTRAN : PHY general description : MAC : RLC : PDCP : RRC (all documents are available at 27

UMTS Networks. Oliver Waldhorst Jens Mückenheim

UMTS Networks. Oliver Waldhorst Jens Mückenheim UMTS Networks Graduate course in Computer Science Integrated Communication Systems (ICS) Group http://www.tu-ilmenau.de/ics -> Education -> Master Courses -> UMTS-Networks Winter Semester Oliver Waldhorst