UMTS Networks. Oliver Waldhorst Jens Mückenheim

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1 UMTS Networks Graduate course in Computer Science Integrated Communication Systems (ICS) Group -> Education -> Master Courses -> UMTS-Networks Winter Semester Oliver Waldhorst Jens Mückenheim

2 Course Motivation Why is this important? Enormous growth in mobile communications Enormous growth of Internet traffic Transition from voice to data services Transition from pay-per-data to flat rates Convergence of the Telecommunication world and the Internet world Transition from circuit-switched to packet-switching technology Mobile/Wireless Internet New applications and services 2

Convergence of Mobile Communication and the Internet 1,400 1,200 2004: Internet

800 600 Mobile communication PCs with Internet access 400 200 0 2002: 500

3 Convergence of Mobile Communication and the Internet 1,400 1, : Internet access via mobile terminal will overtake Internet access via PCs Millions 1, Mobile communication PCs with Internet access : 500 million mobiles with Internet access

4 Course Contents Review of the basics of mobile communications Overview on GSM, GPRS and EDGE UMTS networks, including - network architecture, - network elements, -protocolsand - service aspects Architecture, protocols and services of UMTS networks especially - the radio access network and - the core network Evolution towards the 4th generation - High-speed Packet Data (HSPA), - Long-term Evolution (LTE) and System Architecture Evolution (SAE) Focus on network aspects rather than radio details 4

5 Course Objectives Understand how UMTS networks work Be able to navigate and understand UMTS standards Understand why UMTS has been defined the way it is Understanding of a real (non-trivial) integrated HW/SW system Understand the evolution path towards and beyond UMTS => Understanding of the system from the system architect s view or: forget about the details as soon as you understand the whole 5

6 Working Method Study of a real Telco system with its specific problems Identify and solve the identified problems instead of a general study of abstract problems Acquire a reasonable deep understanding of a highly complex system Lots of discussion (hopefully) 6

7 Organisational Stuff Lecture: first half of semester (meet twice a week) Seminar: second half of semester (individual studies and presentations) Course prerequisites: Basics of Communication Systems and Protocols (mandatory) Basics of Mobile Communications, e.g. Wireless Internet course (recommended) Slides and additional information are provided at -> Education -> Master Courses -> UMTS-Networks Instructor contact: Oliver Waldhorst Jens Mückenheim oliver.waldhorst@tu-ilmenau.de jens.mueckenheim@hs-merseburg.de Phone: Phone: Course budget: 28 hours (14 sessions a 2 hours) 7

8 Schedule 1 Introduction Basics of Wireless Transmissions Media Access Schemes Basic Functions of Mobile Systems 3 2G: GSM and GSM Evolution Protocol Engineering Basics, Standards 4 UMTS Architecture 5 UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN) UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) 6 UTRAN Procedures 7 Numbering, Addressing and Location Identities UE Modes 8 Mobility Management Communication Management 9 Wideband CDMA Principles Radio Resource Management 11 High-Speed Packet-Access (HSPA) High-Speed Packet-Access (HSPA), cont d 13 UMTS-Evolution (HSPA+) LTE/SAE Red topics are provided by Jens Mückenheim 8

9 Introduction Mobile Business and Services Market Expectations UMTS Services and Applications Technical Trends From 2G to 4G

10 First Mobile Radio (1924) How it began... 10

11 ... And what s next? Mobile TV Video camera Game console GPS device Digital camera MP3 player Memory card Color display Portable radio PDA Fax Pager Phone A mobile phone today is a... communication, entertainment, transaction & navigation center... 11

3G Mobile Communication Systems: UMTS Selling

hot air Multi media New services Virtual home

12 3G Mobile Communication Systems: UMTS Selling licenses is a great business model for the secretary of finance New standard for mobile communication Data communication expensive hot air Multi media New services Virtual home environment Ubiquitous communication always on 12

13 140, , , , ,000 90,000 80,000 70,000 60,000 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 Mobile Networks in Germany 1950: isolated network coverage, 30MHz, 50MHz, 160Mhz, 0 Dez 91 subscribers in thousands Dez 92 Dez 93 Dez 94 C-Netz 2G-GSM/GPRS 3G-UMTS/HSPA Total Mobile Subscribers Dez 95 Dez 96 Dez 97 Dez 98 Dez 99 Dez 00 Dez 01 Dez 02 Dez 03 Dez 04 as of Oct 2007: Dez 05 Dez 06 Dez 07 Dez 08 manual exchange/operator 1. Generation (analog) : A-Netz MHz, subs, manual exchange : B-Netz MHz, subs, direct dialling : C-Netz MHz, Max subs, National Roaming 2. Generation (digital: GSM/GPRS) since 1991: D-Netze Mhz, Intern. Roaming since 1993: E-Netze MHz 2007: Now: 81 Mio subscribers 3. Generation (digital: UMTS) since 2004: UMTS 2100 MHz 2007: Now: 15 Mio subscribers Since commercial launch of 2nd generation GSM (1992): strong growth of subscribers, now: more than 100% penetration (of population) Since commercial launch of 3rd generation UMTS (2004): today 15 mio subscribers, 15% is 3G Dez 09 Dez 10 Dez 11 Dez o

14 Revenue for Mobile Operators (total) in Germany German Mobile Operators Revenue, estimates for 2007: more than 27 B$ = 21 B Total revenue Average revenue per user (ARPU) [US$m] [US$] [%] Total Mobile Revenues $27,559 $ % Voice Revenue $21,417 $ % Data Revenue $6,142 $ % Messaging Revenue $4,704 $ % SMS $4,026 $ % MMS $260 $ % $399 $ % Other Messaging $19 $ % Non-Messaging Revenue $1,438 $ % Ringtones $332 $ % Graphics/Images $162 $ % Games $263 $ % Information Services $163 $ % Music $59 $ % Video $88 $ % Mobile Data/Remote Access $371 $ % 14 o

15 Worldwide Number of Subscribers by Technology Region Q Q Q (%) Total 2,431,732,781 2,948,357, % GSM 2G 1,934,109,924 2,377,790, % UMTS (WCDMA) 3G 70,242, ,240, % UMTS/HSPA 3G 259,396 4,987, % TDMA 2G 31,491,377 12,126, % World PDC 2G 39,319,525 23,481, % iden 2G 25,321,560 27,078, % Analog 1G 4,467,113 2,021, % cdmaone 2G 29,466,577 15,551, % CDMA2000 1X 3G 260,661, ,503, % CDMA2000 1xEV-DO 3G 36,394,017 65,405, % CDMA2000 1xEV-DO Rev. A 3G - 171, % The Global mobile Suppliers Association (GSA) states that, as of November 2006, GSM/UMTS services are available in 134 networks in 59 countries, with 85% of mobile subscriptions worldwide = more than 2.5 billion (source: 15 o

16 source: 16

17 UMTS: Universal Mobile Telecommunication System Services: - Traditional Voice - Teleservices like and Fax, SMS, MMS messaging - Wide-band Data for Multimedia and Wireless Internet: via dedicated access (Basic Release99) up to 144 kb/s for high speed mobiles up to 384 kb/s for low speed mobiles up to 2 Mb/s for portable/fixed users via high-speed packet access (HSPA, Release5, 6&7) up to /28.8 Mbit/s download up to 5.7/11.5 Mbit/s upload Spectral Efficiency: High Mobility & Roaming: Worldwide Compatibility: with 2G systems, especially GSM Physical characteristics: Wideband (W-)CDMA system with 5MHz bandwidth, 3.84 Mchps around 2000 MHz (EU), 1900 MHz (US), 1700 MHz (Japan) 17

18 Why UMTS? GSM (2nd generation): Optimized for circuit-switched voice High delay (180 ms round-trip) Small band, inflexible assignment of data rates Low data rates Suboptimal use of radio resources (spectral efficiency) UMTS (3rd generation): Focus on packet-switched data Lower latency Flexible assignment of spectrum with variable data rates Higher data rates for multimedia services Higher capacity of radio system Complicated RF planning (layout of frequency usage) Simplified RF engineering (no frequency planning) Standard set by Europe Worldwide agreed standard Globally available, but not planned as such Worldwide roaming by design 18

ensure a worldwide acceptance of 3G W-CDMA/UMTS standards It is a partnership of 6 regional SDOs (standard development

19 What is 3GPP? 3GPP stands for 3 rd Generation Partnership Project 3GPP is a collaboration agreement, established in December 1998, to ensure a worldwide acceptance of 3G W-CDMA/UMTS standards It is a partnership of 6 regional SDOs (standard development organization) Europe S.Korea China USA Japan These SDOs take 3GPP specifications and transpose them to regional (Europe, NorthAmerica, Korea, Japan, China) standards ITU references the regional standards IMT-2000, IMT-Advanced see: 19 o

3GPP Members Organizational Members: ARIB Association of Radio Industries and Businesses, Japan ATIS Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions, USA CCSA China Communications Standards

20 3GPP Members Organizational Members: ARIB Association of Radio Industries and Businesses, Japan ATIS Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions, USA CCSA China Communications Standards Association, China ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute, EU (France) TTA Telecommunications Technology Association, S. Korea TTC The Telecommunication Technology Committee, Japan 20 o

21 3GPP Standards Releases (summary from/links to Wikipedia, 2008) Version Released Info Release Q1 Specified the first UMTS 3G networks, incorporating a CDMA air interface Release Q2 Originally called the Release added features including an all-ip Core Network Release Q1 Introduced IMS and HSDPA Release Q4 Integrated operation with Wireless LAN networks and adds HSUPA, MBMS, enhancements to IMS such as Push to Talk over Cellular (PoC), GAN (UMA) Release Q4 Focuses on decreasing latency, QoS and improvements to real-time applications like VoIP. This specification will also focus on HSPA+ (High Speed Packet Access Evolution), SIM high-speed protocol and contactless front-end interface (Near Field Communication enabling operators to deliver contactless services like Mobile Payments), EDGE Evolution. Release Q4 E-UTRA, All-IP Network (SAE). Release 8 constitutes a refactoring of UMTS as an entirely IP based fourthgeneration network. Release Q4 SAES Enhancements, WiMAX and LTE/UMTS Interoperability. Dual-Cell HSDPA with MIMO, Dual- Cell HSUPA. 21

22 Evolution of 3GPP Standards (Europe & Asia) Rel99 UMTS Rel5 HSDPA Rel6 E-DCH Rel7 MIMO Rel GSM 1997 GPRS 1998 Rel98 AMR HSDPA IP-RAN Network Sharing Subscriber Trace E-DCH MBMS VoIP BF MIMO CPC HoM Dec 2007 LTE (part of Rel 8) HSPA Evolution Rel99 EDGE Rel6 SAIC Rel7 Release 99 Specs are Functionally frozen in March 2000 Essential corrections until late 2003 Release 4 Specs Functionally frozen in March 2001 Small delta to Release 99 Main features: TD-SCDMA, HSDPA feasibility study Release 5 Functionally frozen in March 2002 & June corrections until late 2004 Main features: HSDPA, IP-RAN, Network Sharing, feasibility study of UTRAN evolution, IMS Release 6 Functionally frozen in Dec Corrections still ongoing. Main features: MBMS, Enhanced UL DCH, Remote Electrical Tilting, Voice over IP, LTE Study Release 7 Specs are Functionally frozen in March Main features: MIMO, gaming on IP, Enhanced Push over Cellular, Evolved-UTRA (LTE) feasibility study. System Arch. Evolution (SAE) Study. Release 8 Published in Dec. 2007/ March 2008 Main features: HSPA+, LTE (E-UTRA), SAE, enhancements for UMTS 22

Evolution of 3GPP2 Standards (mainly USA) 2G technology: CDMAone = IS-95 3G technology: CDMA2000 EV-DO = Evolution-Data Optimized EV-DV = Evolution-Data/Voice Beyond 3G technology:

23 Evolution of 3GPP2 Standards (mainly USA) 2G technology: CDMAone = IS-95 3G technology: CDMA2000 EV-DO = Evolution-Data Optimized EV-DV = Evolution-Data/Voice Beyond 3G technology: was: EV-DO Rev.C now: UMB = Ultra Mobile Broadband; 3GPP2 is the 3G partnership project to promote the US-driven 3G standards family of cdma2000 in competition to W-CDMA/UMTS of 3GPP 23 o

24 IEEE (WiMAX) Roadmap IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) is an US-based international organization that sets industry standards, like Ethernet, Wireless LAN 24

25 3G Applications: Personal Lifestyle messaging audio broadcast music games information travel planning shopping banking stock trading chat rooms video streaming on demand mobile TV always on IP: at home, on the move, at work 25

Applications: Location-based Services and Personalized Services Location-based Services Position information Emergency call Advertisements Tourist information Maps and Route

26 Applications: Location-based Services and Personalized Services Location-based Services Position information Emergency call Advertisements Tourist information Maps and Route planning Support for sales Construction plans Personalized Services Fast food, chinese, local food, vegetarian Adaptive quality of video clips and graphics Advertisements (yes/no/some) 26

27 Applications: Mobile Office & Unified Messaging Schedule Management File & Database Access Secure Internet Access Corporate VPN Route Planning 27

Applications: M-Commerce M-Commerce will provide people on the move with: Mobile Access to Information - travel updates and route descriptions Mobile Access to Entertainment - music and

28 Applications: M-Commerce M-Commerce will provide people on the move with: Mobile Access to Information - travel updates and route descriptions Mobile Access to Entertainment - music and video-on-demand Mobile Ordering/Reservation of Service - ticket purchase and hotel reservations Mobile Financial Services - stock trading and money transfers Future revenue model is content and advertising driven rather than airtime driven For details on 3G revenue model see: J A Harmer and C D Friel: 3G products - what will the technology enable? BT Technol J Vol 19 No 1 January

Radio Mobile News Channel immediate, quick, selective, personalized,

companies Mobile is starting to penetrate in conjunction with

29 Applications: Push Services (e.g. Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Service) Traditional Newspaper, TV, Radio Mobile News Channel immediate, quick, selective, personalized, ubiquitous One-to-many is the traditional domain of the media companies Mobile is starting to penetrate in conjunction with companies like CNN Increased bandwidth and the evolution of the user interface will make services like video streaming a reality 29

30 New IP-based services can be created quickly a simple example Your Personal Vacation Planner 30 o

31 ... but it is not as simple as it looks Distributed Network Controller GK DB SCP SS7 Class 4 Switch Call Center e- Tailer IMT ACD e-shopper Java Applet RAS IP ATM Video Web Server IP IP ATM Trunking Gateway Access Gateway IP ATM CTI Server LAN Access Web Server Web/Push Server 31 o

32 2G to 3G Evolution: GSM - GPRS - UMTS Base station Base station ATM based transport ISDN Base station GSM RAN Base station controller MSC GSM Core (Circuit switched) GMSC GSM HLR AuC EIR 32

33 2G to 3G Evolution: GSM - GPRS - UMTS Base station Base station ATM based transport ISDN Base station GSM RAN Base station controller MSC GSM Core (Circuit switched) GMSC GSM+GPRS HLR AuC EIR SGSN GPRS Core (Packet Switched) GGSN Internet 33

34 2G to 3G Evolution: GSM - GPRS - UMTS Base station Base station Base station GSM RAN Base station controller MSC ATM based transport GSM Core (Circuit switched) GSM+GPRS+UMTS R99 HLR AuC EIR GMSC ISDN Base station Base station Base station UTRAN Radio network controller SGSN GPRS Core (Packet Switched) GGSN Internet 34

35 2G to 3G Evolution: GSM - GPRS - UMTS Base station Base station Base station GERAN GSM RAN Base station controller GERAN+UMTS R5 + IMS Base station Base station Base station UTRAN Radio network controller SGSN IP based transport GPRS 3G Core Core (Packet Switched) GGSN Internet 35

36 IP Multimedia System (IMS)- Architecture (simplified) Service and Core Architecture is Access Agnostic UE BTS BSC/RNC GSM/GPRS RAN (GERAN) MSC/ SGSN/GGSN Common IP Core Network Services Common Multimedia Service Network (IMS) Session Control MGW Control PSTN UE NodeB RNC SGSN/ GGSN IP Router Access Proxy Media Gateway UMTS/HSPA RAN UE WiFi WiMax AG FW UE SIP phone Cable, ethernet, DSL, etc PDN AG FW GGSN PDN RAN SGSN Access Gateway Firewall Gateway GPRS Serving Node Packet Data Network Radio Access Network Serving GPRS Serving Node 36 o

Technical Perspectives: Radio Access Technologies 1000 60GHz

16 Application space Max data rate (Mbps) 100 10 1 0,1 2.

Ubiquitous TV Infotainment Virtual Homes Video Streaming Video

37 Technical Perspectives: Radio Access Technologies GHz n Application space Max data rate (Mbps) ,1 2.4GHz HIPERLAN/ b Bluetooth 5GHz HSCSD HIPERLAN/ a HomeRF GPRS PAN/LAN Convergence EDGE UMTS HIPERPAN HSDPA Ubiquitous TV Infotainment Virtual Homes Video Streaming Video data rate Still Imaging High Speed Internet Audio Streaming Text Messaging 0, product date Voice Local Area WLAN Wide Area Cellular Personal Area Networks 37

4G Mobile Communication Systems: Radio Integration S-UMTS Satellite Broadband DVB-S Satellite/HAPS DVB-T DAB UMTS ++ Broadcasting UMTS GPRS/EDGE GSM Cellular Wireless IP Society 4th

38 4G Mobile Communication Systems: Radio Integration S-UMTS Satellite Broadband DVB-S Satellite/HAPS DVB-T DAB UMTS ++ Broadcasting UMTS GPRS/EDGE GSM Cellular Wireless IP Society 4th Generation MBS 40 MBS 60 Quasi-Cellular Broadband WFA MWS Broadband W-LAN Personal Area Networks Body LANs xmds Wireless Local Loop Bluetooth DECT IR Indoor Local Area Networks 38 o

39 4G Mobile Communication Systems: Network Integration Services and applications download channel DAB DVB IP based core network New radio interface Wireline xdsl return channel: e.g. GSM cellular GSM IMT-2000 UMTS WLAN type short range connectivity other entities 39 o

40 4G Mobile Communication Systems: System Integration distribution layer DAB and/or DVB possible return channels full coverage global access full mobility not necessary individual links cellular layer 2G: e.g. GSM IMT-2000 UMTS full coverage and hot spots global roaming full mobility individual links hot spot layer personal network layer WLAN local coverage hot spots global roaming local mobility individual links short range communication (e.g. Bluetooth, DECT ) global roaming individual links fixed ( wired) layer X X X X horizontal handover within a system X X X X X X X X X vertical handover between systems no mobility global roaming individual links 40 o

41 ITU s IMT-Advanced: the standards way to 4G We will come back to the 3G/UMTS evolution path later on! 41 o

42 5G: Interplanetary Internet 42 o

43 Summary of the Evolution Path (European View) 1G: Analog systems 2G (GSM): global digital personal communication system FDMA, TDMA, FDD circuit-switched voice (voice service) SMS global roaming 2G+ (GSM+GPRS): introduction of packet-switched data IP to the terminal; ATM transport in the network multiplexing of packet-switched data on traffic channels of radio link IP tunneling in the packet-switched core network SS7 signaling, AAA, mobility management QoS: best effort still ongoing efforts EDGE: enhanced radio efficiency (adaptive modulation) GERAN: generalized access network, to connect to 3G core networks 3G (UMTS): packet-switched data... 43

44 Summary of the Evolution Path (cont d) 2G (GSM): global digital personal communication system 2G+ (GSM+GPRS): introduction of packet-switched data 3G (UMTS): packet-switched data CDMA-FDD/TDD predominantly data communication focus on services and content all IP transport (3GPP R4): mobile, radio access network, core network SS7 signaling: AAA, mobility management, etc. QoS support seamless service (global roaming) Enhanced packet data perfromance: HSDPA+HSUPA HSPA Common Ip-based service architecture (IMS) 4G: Integration of various radio technologies (satellite, broadcast, cellular, WLAN, BAN) use of the optimal radio link (w.r.t. spectral efficiency, delay, throughput, error rate, emission) IETF protocols for everything (all IP for transport and control) 44

45 Important Readings Books: Kaaranen, Ahtiainen, Laitinen, Naghian, Niemi: UMTS Networks Architecture, Mobility and Services. 2nd edition, Wiley, 2005 Walke, Althoff, Seidenberg: UMTS Ein Kurs. J. Schlembach Fachverlag, 2001 Schiller: Mobile Communications (German and English), 2nd ed, Addison-Wesley, 2003 Holma, Toskala: WCDMA for UMTS. 4th edition, Wiley, 2007 Ahonen, Barrett: Services for UMTS: Creating Killer Applications in 3G. Wiley, 2002 Important 3GPP Documents: to : List of standards for Release 3 (R99), 4, 5 and 6, respectively : UMTS vocabulary and abbreviations : UMTS network architecture (core network and access network entities) : GPRS architecture : UTRAN overview : Radio link protocols (UTRA) : UTRAN procedures (all documents are available at 45

Cellular Communication Systems

Cellular Communication Systems Graduate course in Computer Science Integrated Communication Systems (ICS) Group http://www.tu-ilmenau.de/ics -> Teaching -> Master studies -> Cellular Communication Systems