Overview RFID-Systems

Transcription

1 Overview RFID-Systems MSE, Rumc, RFID, 1 References [1] Klaus Finkenzeller, RFID-Handbuch, 5. Auflage, Hanser, [2] R. Küng, M. Rupf, RFID-Blockkurs, ergänzende MSE-Veranstaltung, ZHAW, [3] interesting NFC-link (overview): [4] interesting NFC-link (R&D): Kontakt: ZHAW Zürcher Hochschule für angewandte Wissenschaften Prof. Dr. M. Rupf ZSN Zentrum für Signalverarbeitung und Nachrichtentechnik Technikumstrasse 9, TB 425 CH-8401 Winterthur Tel: ++41 (0) Mail: marcel.rupf@zhaw.ch Web:

2 RFID-Systems vs. Frequency and Range MSE, Rumc, RFID, 2 frequency 5.8 GHz 2.4 GHz DSRC semi-passive Bluetooth Low Energy (used an active RFID system) 960 MHz 860 MHz EPC Gen2 UHF (ISO C) Sensor MHz ISO 15693* EPC Gen2 HF ISO 14443* Sensor * NFC interfaces 134 khz 125 khz ISO ISO m 1 m 10 m (reading) range

3 Contactless Vicinity Cards MSE, Rumc, RFID, 3 ISO/IEC Identification Cards Vicinity Cards (2001 / 2009) VCD: vicinity coupling device ( reader ) VICC: vicinity card ( tag, memory card with simple state machine) also ISO/IEC mode 1 item management standard typical applications: access, item management Operating frequency MHz, inductive coupling Reading range vicinity coupling up to 1 m (for ID1-Tags, reading range diameter of Reader antenna) Tag-/VICC-sensitivity: H min = 150 ma/m, H max = 5 A/m rms Data rate up to 26 kb/s (fast mode only)

4 Contactless Vicinity Cards MSE, Rumc, RFID, 4 Unique ID 64 bit UID (48 bit serial number, not overwritable) Memory max. 256 blocks x 256 bits (8kB) also max blocks x 32 bits (protocol extension) single/multiple blocks readable, writable, lockable Tag reading rate with deterministic anticollision algorithm about UIDs per s Fastest memory access read single 32-bit-block unadressed < 8 ms (including tag powering) => moving tag reading rate (max. 1 Tag in Reader field): 125 Tags / s

5 Contactless Proximity Cards MSE, Rumc, RFID, 5 ISO/IEC Identification Cards - Proximity Cards 2 completely different data transmission types, Typ A and B chip-card must support a single type only, the reader must support both types PCD: proximity coupling device ( reader ) PICC: proximity integrated circuit card ( tag, memory or microprocessor card) typical applications: e-ticketing, micro-payment Type A: MIFARE (Mikron / NXP), Type B: Calypso Operating frequency MHz, inductive coupling Reading range proximity coupling up to 10 cm Tag-/PICC-sensitivity: H min < 1.5 A/m

6 Contactless Proximity Cards MSE, Rumc, RFID, 6 Data rate 106 kb/s Unique ID 4 Bytes, 7 Bytes (double size) or 10 Bytes (triple size) Memory MIFARE classic 1kB (16 sectors) and 4 kb (40 sectors) sectors with several blocks are read/write protectable processor cards >> 8 kb Cryptography processor cards e.g. MIFARE ultralight (C) without (with) 3DES-Cryptography Tag reading rate Type A: dynamical binary search tree algorithm, "few" Tags / s

7 EPC Gen2 (UHF-/HF-version) MSE, Rumc, RFID, 7 EPCglobal is the responsable organisation UHF-version: ISO/IEC C item management (in supply chain) HF-version: ISO/IEC mode 3 item management UHF-version is widely-used, selection of HF tags is only small Operating frequency UHF-version (radio coupling) Tags can be used worldwide in the MHz band Reader compliant with regional/national regulation, ETSI: 868 MHz ISM band HF-version (inductive coupling): MHz Reading range UHF-version: 3-8 m (even 16 m) HF-version: < 1 m (vicinity coupling)

8 EPC Gen2 (UHF-/HF-version) MSE, Rumc, RFID, 8 Data rate UHF-version (ETSI): about 100 kbps (FCC: 200 kbps) HF-version (ETSI): typically 53 kb/s Unique ID Electronic Product Code 96 bits (overwritable) EPC-memory up to 496 bits Memory read / (block-) write 16 bit words only after successful inventory password protectable HF- and UHF-version: up to 8 kb Tag reading rate (slotted Aloha based anticollision algorithm) UHF-version: Tags per s HF-version: up to 150 Tags per s

9 Near Field Communication (NFC) MSE, Rumc, RFID, 9 NFC-Interface and Protocol Standards NFCIP-2 (ECMA-352 / ISO-21481) NFCIP-1 (ECMA-340 / ISO-18092) NFC-Controller mit NFCIP-2 NFC-device e.g. with OS passive communication mode ISO VCD mode reader/writer 26 kbps ISO A/B PCD mode reader/writer 106 kbps RF-detection, set-up-time < 0.1s PICC mode card-emulation 106 kbps active comm. mode NFC-mode peer-to-peer 106 / 212 / 424 kbps (> 424 kbps in R&D) MHz inductive (few cm) VICC PICC PCD NFC-device memory card memory card processor card

10 Near Field Communication (NFC) MSE, Rumc, RFID, 10 NFC Data Exchange Format (NDEF) contains application specific data (e.g. URI) NDEF-message exchange between 2 NFC Forum Devices (peer-to-peer) between 1 NFC Forum Device and 1 of 4 NFC Forum Tags Topaz, MIFARE Ultralight, Felica and MIFARE Desfire (processor card with crypto-function) MIFARE Classic (NDEF-exchange NOT with all NFC Forum Devices) Message exchange with other NFC Tags (e.g. NfcV) not in NDEF-format but in raw data format

11 Near Field Communication (NFC) MSE, Rumc, RFID, 11 NFC Card Emulation with secure element new: host based from Android V4.4 Android-application can select card (wallet-function) and can poll transactionstatus < Android application data-routing to Host card emulation without Android in cryptographical secure environment e.g. on the SIM-card, (SD-card, HW-chip) Official Android up to V4.3: no access to card emulation at least in Switzerland Source:

12 Near Field Communication (NFC) MSE, Rumc, RFID, 12 Android development environment Eclipse with extensions for Android (Java, free of charge) new: EARLY ACCESS PREVIEW Android Studio based on IntelliJ IDEA (Java, free of charge, Good to know when realizing RFID-applications with NFC? reading UID and NDEF-messages relatively simple => RF-detection, automatic if filter is correctly set (no reading command, ident) writing NDEF messages is a little bit more complex, but is supported by the OS writing and reading raw data is more difficult, OS support depends on card type MIFARE-Ultralight: functions readpages and writepage available NfcV-Tags: function transceive for raw-data-commands => RFID-knowledge required or use of example programs

13 Near Field Communication (NFC) MSE, Rumc, RFID, 13 Useful links for NFC-SW-development (Stand ) NFC Basics NFC functions NFC TagWriter by NXP Special case NfcV (ISO-15693) Commands are not prepared, commands Byte-wise, Example-App, ST NfcV-Reader Android-App, sample code Android App Store: "NfcV-reader" Android 4.4 KitKat NFC Card Emulation

14 NFC App MSE, Rumc, RFID, 14 Example: App to scan NFC-Tags Example: App to write/read NFC-Tags

15 Contactless Payment: EMV MSE, Rumc, RFID, 15 Gemeinsamer technischer Standard der internationalen Card Schemes für Chipkarten und Terminals Gegründet durch Europay MasterCard und Visa EMVCo Konsortium besteht heute aus: MasterCard, Visa, JCB, Amex, Diners, CUP Ziele: Länderübergreifende Kompatibilität von Karten und Terminals Erhöhte Sicherheit bei Kartenzahlungen Weltweite Verbreitung (Europa: > 95%, USA: Einführung 2015, vorher < 1%)

16 EMV-Spec: Contacless Terminal MSE, Rumc, RFID, 16 EMVBook A, Architecture, General Req. EMVBook D, Contactless Comm. EMV Book 2: Security EMV Book B Entry Point EMV C1 EMV C2 ISO A ISO A Terminal Application (Not in EMV Scope) EMV C3 EMV Kernels EMV C4 ISO ISO ISO EMV C5 EMV C6 EMV C7 ISO B ISO B Kontaktlos Chip Applikation wird nicht durch EMV spezifiziert Transaction Processing Commands Transmission Protocol Initialization, Anticollision RF Interface Physical Characteristics