RFID Radio Frequency Identification The Basic Principle. Semiconductors 4

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1 RFID Radio Frequency Identification The Basic Principle Semiconductors 4

2 Basic Transceive Principle Energy: Reader Tag Card Data: Reader Tag Card Data: Reader Tag Card LOAD modulation Semiconductors 5

3 Main Criteria for Frequency Selection RFID frequencies < 135 khz MHz MHz (UHF) 2.45 GHz Physical properties Regulations, future of regulations Communication distance (Minimal and maximal) Standards Semiconductors 6

4 Physical Properties & Performance 125 khz MHz UHF 2.45 GHz Water, Humidity Metal Environment Field Characterics Semiconductors 7

5 Typically Achievable Communication Distances 125 khz 1.5 m 1.5 m 1.5 m EU US JP MHz UHF 2.45 GHz 0 m 1.5 m 1.5 m 1.5 m m 1 m 0-1 m 3 m 7 m Semiconductors 8

6 Mifare Semiconductors 10

7 What is mifare? mifare = ISO 14443A THE contactless interface for smart cards Standardised in ISO 14443A (Contactless Proximity Smart Cards) The mifare Interface Platform is a family of Card ICs and Reader Components which support the mifare Interface Semiconductors 11

8 ISO / IEC standard Part 1: Physical characteristics Physical size of the ISO14443 card Part 2: RF signal & power interface RF-interface (13.56 MHz, modulation, min. field-strength) Type A: 100% modulation, Miller bit-coding Type B: 10% modulation, NRZ bit-coding Part 3: Initialization & anti-collision Start of communication (request, anti-collision, select card) Type A: Bit-wise arbitration Type B: Time-slot Method Part 4: Transmission protocols Describes data exchange between reader and cards (ISO14443 does not specify any specific application, security or encryption) Semiconductors 12

9 System features of MIFARE ISO credit card size high speed (typ 106 Kbaud; typical ticketing transaction time < 100 ms) Multi-application memory (securely separated files for multiapplications) high security (mutual authentication, encryption) anticollision (handling of several cards in the operating field) operating distance of up to 100 mm high reliability (no moving parts, no battery in card) high data integrity operating frequency of MHz Semiconductors 13

10 Card Applications Park&Ride Road Toll Company ID- Card Airline Ticket ing Public Transport contactless University Banking contact (contactless) Pay- Phone Telecom contact (contactless) GSM EFTPOS Terminal Pay-TV Credit Card Electronic Purse Health Care Loyalty Schemes xx.yy.at Internet Banking Geldkarte Semiconductors 14

11 CLASSIC - Blockdiagram EEPROM: 1k Byte or 4k Byte RF-Interface Digital Section Voltage Regulator Clock Data Modulator Demodulator POR E²PROM Energy ATR Anticollision Select Application Authentication & Access Control Control & Arithmetic Unit Crypto Unit E²-Interface E² Memory Crypto Unit for (proprietary) Stream Cipher Encryption Semiconductors 15

12 1k Classic - Memory Mapping 1024 Byte in 16 SECTORS with 64 addressable 16 BYTE each EEPROM BLOCK BLOCK 1 First SECTOR # 0 w. w. 4 BLOCKS BLOCK BLOCK BLOCK 0 0 1Total 2 3amount of SECTORS ( ) 15 BLOCK 1 Last Last SECTOR # 15 15w. w. 4 BLOCKS BLOCK BLOCK 3 Semiconductors 16

13 Memory Split & Function Every BLOCK has a fixed or alterable functionality... EEPROM First SECTOR 0 : 4 BLOCKS Total amount of 16 SECTORS Last SECTOR 15 : 4 BLOCKS BLOCK 0 (FIX) Manufacturer BLOCK 1 & 2 (ALT) Data BLOCK 3 (FIX) Sector Trailer BLOCK 0 (ALT) Data BLOCK 1 & 2 (ALT) Data BLOCK 3 (FIX) Semiconductors 17

14 BLOCK Function Cluster SECTOR 0 / BLOCK 0 is always READ-ONLY BLOCK 0 (FIX) Manufacturer Check Byte Manufacturer Data ( Byte 4 = ) EEPROM Manufacturer-ID & Unique Serial Number Holds KEYs & ACCESS CONDITIONs KEY A Access Conditions KEY B BLOCK 3 (FIX) Sector Trailer All other = DATA / VALUE BLOCKS Other BLOCKs (ALT) Data Semiconductors 18

15 Sector Trailer Function SECTOR 1 15 ( Remark: Special Function for SECTOR 0! ) EEPROM DATA BLOCK OPERATIONS (enable or disable) READ WRITE KEY A INCREMENT KEY FUNCTIONALITY Sector Access Conditions (24 Bit) DECREMENT TRANSFER RESTORE KEY B Byte 9 = GPB = xx (not defined) BLOCK 0, 1, 2 (Data or Value) BLOCK 3 (FIX) Sector Trailer Transport Configuration (Pre-defined Virgin-State ): KEY A must be used for authentication... KEY A enables all other configurations... Semiconductors 19

16 Sector Access Conditions EEPROM KEY 2 3A KEY B Cx = INV Cx BLOCK 3 = Sector Trailer BIT 0 BIT 1 BIT 2 BIT 3 BIT 4 BIT 5 BIT 6 BIT 7 C1 0 C1 1 C1 2 C1 3 C2 4 C2 5 C2 6 C2 7 C3 0 C3 1 C3 2 C3 3 C1 4 C1 5 C1 6 C1 7 C2 0 C2 1 C2 2 C2 3 C3 4 C3 5 C3 6 C3 7 Control Bits C1 / C2 / C3 - BLOCK 0 Control Bits C1 / C2 / C3 - BLOCK 1 Control Bits C1 / C2 / C3 - BLOCK 2 Control Bits C1 / C2 / C3 - BLOCK 3 Control Bits C1 / C2 / C3 - BLOCK 0 Control Bits C1 / C2 / C3 - BLOCK 1 Control Bits C1 / C2 / C3 - BLOCK 2 Control Bits C1 / C2 / C3 - BLOCK 3 BLOCK 0 BLOCK 1 BLOCK 2 BLOCK 3 Semiconductors 20

17 C1 / C2 / C3- Access Conditions BLOCK 3 (Sector Trailer) (WRITE: Access Condition Code for next Authentication) = n.a. EEPROM READ KEY A WRITE C1 C2 C3 READ KEY B WRITE READ KEY A KEY A KEY A KEY A KEY A KEY A KEY B KEY B KEY A or B KEY A or B KEY A KEY A KEY A KEY A KEY A KEY B KEY B KEY A or B KEY B KEY A or B KEY B KEY A or B AC WRITE * Condition Code Pattern * Transport Access Condition Semiconductors 21

18 C1 / C2 / C3 - Data Instructions BLOCK 0, 1, 2 (Data) - Condition Code Pattern fixed in Block Condition Code Pattern C1 C2 C3 BLOCK ADDR READ WRITE INCR DECR / TRANSFER / RESTORE EEPROM KEY A or B KEY A or B KEY A or B KEY A or B KEY A or B KEY A or B KEY B KEY A or B KEY B KEY B KEY A or B KEY A or B KEY A or B KEY B KEY B KEY B Transport Access Condition ---- = n.a. Semiconductors 22

19 Access Condition Example Value BLOCK 0 Value BLOCK 1 Data BLOCK 2 KeyA AC KeyB BLOCK 3 Sector Trailer Value Decrement & Reading by KeyA/KeyB Value Increment & Writing by KeyB ONLY Data Reading by KeyA/KeyB Data Writing by KeyB ONLY KeyA, KeyB & AC writing by KeyB ONLY KeyA & KeyB can NEVER be Read AC reading by KeyA/KeyB Semiconductors 23

20 Some CLASSIC Facts to remember The very first BLOCK 0 contains UID & Manufacturer Data and is READ ONLY Mifare Classic 1k / 4k with Single Size UID Ultra Light & DESFire with Double Size UID Triple Size UID not used yet... The SECTOR TRAILER holds the KEYs & ACCESS CONDITION info Never use KEY B for authentication... The Block-NUMBERING convention in MIFAREWND is as follows: Blocknumbers: / 255 Sector Trailer Block Designations: / Semiconductors 24

21 mifare 4k facts 4 Kbyte EEPROM (3480 Byte free available) Unique serial number (4 Byte) 40 securely separated sectors supporting multi-application: 32 sectors consist of 4 blocks with a length of 16 Byte 8 sectors consist of 16 blocks with a length of 16 Byte 2 x 48 bit keys per sector for key hierarchy Access conditions free configurable based on 2 level key hierarchy Number of single write operations: Data retention: 10 years Semiconductors 25

22 Mifare UL Facts Interface mifare interface acc. to ISO MHz Baud rate 106 kbit Bit-wise anticollision Operating distance up to 10cm 100% compatible to all existing mifare readers Security 7 byte unique serial number IC production Cascade level two acc ISO 14443A Read only locking per page Semiconductors 26

23 Mifare UL Facts cont. Memory 512 bit EEPROM 16 pages with 32 bit each 12 pages (384 bit) user r/w area 1 page (32 bit) bit wise (OTP) area Read-only locking per page Data retention of 5 years Write endurance cycles Semiconductors 27

24 DESFire facts Fully ISO 14443A compliant, up to part 4 (T=CL) ISO7816 support Unique 7 byte serial number ISO cascade level 2 Memory: 4 KByte EEPROM, 1ms erase, 1ms program Flexible File System Up to 28 Applications per card Up to 16 Files per Application Up to 14 3DES keys per Application, with key versioning Automatic backup mechanism for all available file types Speed: Fast Data Transfer, up to 424 Kbit/s Security: Mutual Three Pass Authentication DES/3DES Data Encryption on RF-channel Data Authenticity by 4 byte 3DES MAC Semiconductors 28

25 I-CODE Semiconductors 30

26 What is a Smart Label? A paper label with RFID inside an antenna, printed, etched or stamped... and a chip attached to it on a substrate e.g. a plastic foil... Semiconductors 31

27 I CODE Family Features Memory Lock Size Security Special Features I CODE bit Block No EAS, HC Version I CODE SLI 1024 bit Block No EAS, Inventory Read I CODE EPC 136 bit Byte No OTP, Destroy I CODE UID 192 bit No No R/W, Destroy I CODE SLI XS 1 kbyte Sector Yes Memory Management I CODE SLI Sensor+ 1 kbyte Sector No ADC, Timer, Sensors Semiconductors 32

28 I CODE 1 Features Bi-directional passive RF link at MHz 512 bit EEPROM memory (384 bit user programmable / 64 bit unique serial number) 1.2 m read/write operation Multi-label operation at 30 labels / second Dedicated EAS feature (re-usable EAS label) 1.5 m EAS detection range Compliance with FCC47 part 15, ETSI , ETSI Easy migration path to ISO Available for implementing into small inlets (I CODE1 HC) Semiconductors 33

29 I CODE SLI Features Bi-directional passive RF link at MHz Interface according to ISO / ISO Multi-label operation at 60 labels / second User Memory size: 896bit Serial Number: 64 bits Operation Range up to 1.5m Deterministic anticollision algorithm Inventory Read Command anticollision delivers memory content instead of UID Fast Inventory Read Command I CODE SLI response with double data rate Dedicated EAS feature (re-usable EAS label) Compliance with FCC47 part 15, ETSI , ETSI Semiconductors 34

30 I CODE EPC Features Low End product of I CODE family Bi-directional passive RF link at MHz Interface according to to MIT Auto-ID Center EPC Specification ISO infrastructure compatible Advanced Anticollision (200 Labels/s) for fast moving objects User Memory size: 96bit; one time programmable memory (OTP) Operation Range up to 1.5m Robust signalling for noisy environment Destroy command Compliance with FCC47 part 15, ETSI , ETSI Semiconductors 35

31 I CODE EPC Memory Organisation Block # Bit # Purpose 0 MSB LSB 1 MSB LSB 2 MSB LSB 3 MSB LSB 4 MSB LSB 5 MSB LSB 6 MSB LSB 7 MSB LSB 8 MSB LSB 9 MSB LSB 10 MSB LSB 11 MSB LSB 12 MSB LSB 13 MSB LSB 14 MSB LSB 15 MSB LSB 16 MSB LSB EPC Data CRC 16 Destroy Code OTP Total Memory Size: 136 bit 96 bit EPC Data CRC 16 (of EPC) 24 bit Destroy Code Semiconductors 36

32 I CODE UID Features Low End product of I CODE family Bi-directional passive RF link at MHz EPC & ISO infrastructure compatible Advanced Anticollision (200 Labels/s) for fast moving objects 40 bit Unique Identifier (UID) User Memory size: 96bit; read & write Operation Range up to 1.5m Robust signalling for noisy environment Destroy command Compliance with FCC47 part 15, ETSI , ETSI Semiconductors 37

33 I CODE UID Memory Organisation Block # BIT # Purpose 0 MSB LSB 1 MSB LSB 2 MSB LSB 3 MSB LSB 4 MSB LSB 5 MSB LSB 6 MSB LSB 7 MSB LSB 8 MSB LSB 9 MSB LSB 10 MSB LSB 11 MSB LSB User Data (UD) Identifier Dataa (IDD) R/W 12 MSB LSB 13 MSB LSB 14 MSB LSB 15 MSB LSB UD CRC MSB LSB 17 MSB LSB 18 MSB LSB 19 MSB LSB 20 MSB LSB 21 MSB LSB 22 MSB LSB 23 MSB LSB UID CRC 16 Destroy Code RO OTP Total Memory Size: 192 bit 96 bit User Data UD CRC bit UID CRC 16 (of UID) 24 bit Destroy Code Semiconductors 38

34 13.56Mhz Reader ICs Semiconductors 50

35 & Single Chip Reader Family Feature Overview Buffered output driver for direct antenna connection Automatic detection of parallel µc / PC-Interface Flexible interrupt handling, programmable timer Comfortable 64 Byte send & receive buffer Hard reset with Low Power mode Software controlled Power Down Mode Unique serial number (UID), Crypto 1 (Stream Cipher) security Bit- and Byte-oriented framing Separate supply for digital, analog and transmitter part User-programmable start-up configuration Internal MHz oscillator Semiconductors 51

36 Overview Selection Criteria ISO / IEC A ISO / IEC B ISO / IEC MIFARE Classic / UL MIFARE DESFire/ProX I-Code kbaud Parallel Host Interface SPI Host Interface & RC500 Single Chip Reader Family RC530 RC531 I-CODE RC400 RC632 All devices in pin-compatible SO32 packages Semiconductors 52

37 MF RC500 ISO14443 A reader IC Analog Front End IC Proximity operating distance (up to 10 cm) SO32 housing Includes all RF circuitry Supports ISO 14443A MIFARE PRO, PROX MIFARE Classic Semiconductors 53

38 C -"%..62&D&>:EFGGGH@&I>?J-%(,&A*%,*( based on MF RC500 Host, µcontroller SAM parallel bus MF RC500 matching circuit Classic MIFARE PRO / PRO X ISO 14443A Terminal MF RC500 is Analog and Digital Core Component MIFARE Classic Open Protocol with Customer defined Security for 14443A DIF Cards Semiconductors 54

39 MF RC531 ISO14443 reader IC pin- compatible to MF RC500 Additional to MF RC500: ISO B Supports ISO 14443A&B MIFARE PROX MIFARE Classic Other smart cards Semiconductors 55

40 C -"%..62&D&>:EFGGGH&I>?J-%(,&A*%,*( based on MF RC531 Host, µcontroller SAM parallel bus SPI MF RC531 matching circuit Up to 848kbaud Classic MIFARE PRO / PRO X µc B Highest integration for ISO 14443A & B Terminal Semiconductors 56

SL RC400 I Code 1 & ISO 15693 Reader IC Analog Front End IC pin- compatible to MF RC500 Proximity

41 SL RC400 I Code 1 & ISO Reader IC Analog Front End IC pin- compatible to MF RC500 Proximity operating distance (up to 10 cm) Includes all RF circuitry Supports ISO15693 I CODE1 Semiconductors 57

42 I Code 1 & ISO Reader based on the SL RC400 Host, µcontroller parallel bus SL RC400 matching circuit I CODE 1 I CODE SLI Highest intregration for ISO Terminal MF RC400 is Analog and Digital Core Component supports I CODE1 protocol Semiconductors 58

43 CL RC632 ISO14443 & ISO15693 reader IC Pin compatible to MF RC500, MF RC530, MF RC531 and SL RC400 ISO & ISO Supports ISO 14443, ISO MIFARE PRO, PROX MIFARE Classic I CODE1, I CODE SLI Semiconductors 60

44 ISO14443 & ISO Reader based on the CL RC632 Host, µcontroller SAM parallel bus SPI CL RC632 matching circuit Up to 848kbaud Classic MIFARE PRO / PRO X I CODE 1 µc B I CODE SLI Highest integration for ISO & ISO Terminal MIFARE Classic protocol Open Protocol with Customer defined Security for DIF Cards I CODE1 protocol support Semiconductors 61

45 & Single Chip Reader Family Minimum Micore PCD OSCIN OSCIN OSCOUT IRQ OSCOUT RSTPD RX VMID R1 C3 Rx1 Oscillator MFIN MFOUT TX1 TVDD TX Micore VMID RX AVSS AUX AVDD C4 AVSS TX1 TVSS R2 L0 C0 Tx11 TVSS Cs Cp DIRECT PARALLEL PORT INTERFACE TO HOST RC-Noise Suppression! any 8 bit parallel µcontroller interface TVSS NCS NWR NRD DVSS D0 D1 D2 D SO TX2 L0 C0 Receiver Circuit EMC-Filter Min. Micore PCD Blockdiagram DVDD A2 A1 A0 ALE D7 D6 D5 D4 TX22 Cable Cs Cp Matching Circuit Coil PCD: Proximity Coupling Device Semiconductors 62

46 & Single Chip Reader Family Complete Micore PCD RS 232 I/O to HOST (USB) Level Shifter UART Oscillator OSCIN OSCOUT IRQ MFIN MFOUT TX1 TVDD TX Micore OSCOUT RSTPD VMID RX AVSS AUX AVDD RX VMID C4 AVSS TX1 TVSS R2 L0 C0 R1 C3 Rx1 Tx11 TVSS Cs Cp Other Control µc Parallel or SPI any 8 bit parallel µcontroller interface TVSS NCS NWR NRD DVSS D0 D1 D2 D SO TX2 L0 C0 Receiver Circuit EMC-Filter Cpl. Micore PCD Blockdiagram DVDD A2 A1 A0 ALE D7 D6 D5 D4 TX22 Cable Cs Cp Matching Circuit Coil PCD: Proximity Coupling Device Semiconductors 63

47 & Single Chip Reader Family Block diagram Overview Micore Digital Part LEVEL SHIFTER Analog Part Semiconductors 64

48 Block Diagram Digital Part D0.. D7 ADR, ALE CNTRL IRQ Reset Interrupt-Ctrl RST & PD Control SECURITY PARALLEL < > SERIAL Semiconductors 65 To Analog Part of Micore 32 Bit Random Generator CRYPTO 1 Unit Master Key Buffer 32x16 Byte EEPROM & Acc. Ctrl. Adaptive parallel uc Interface Parity & Frame Gen. & Check Bit Counter Parallel-Serial Converter Internal Bus Bit Decode Bit Encode Serial Data Switch MFout MFin Level Shifters Control Register Bank Tx Rx Progr.Timer 64 Byte FIFO & Control CRC 16 / CRC 8 Generate & Check Command Reg. & State Mach.

49 Block Diagram Analogue Part MFin Serial Data Switch MFout See Part 1 Level Shifter Tx Rx OSCout OSCin Oscillator Amplitude Rating Reference Voltage Clock Generation & Distribution RF-Part of RC 500 TRANSMITTER & CLOCK Correlation & Bit Decoding Q-Clock Generation Transmitter Control Q-Channel Demodulator Q-Channel Amplifier RF-Part of RC 500 RECEIVER I - Channel Amplifier I - Channel Demodulator Analog Test MUX TVdd Tx1 Tx2 TVss Rx AUX VMD Semiconductors 66

50 Serial Signal Switch Serial Data OUT Miller Coder Envelope Modulator Source Switch Modulator Driver Tx Serial Data IN Manchester Decoder e.g. :Two antennas controlled with the same digital signal Decoder Source Switch Manchester OUT Subcarrier Demodulator Subcarrier Demodulator Transmit NRZ Envelope RFU Carrier Demodulator Manchester w. Subcarrier MFout Select Switch 0 1 MFin Rx MFout Digital Test Signal Semiconductors 67

51 Micore EEPROM 512 Byte organized in BYTE each BLOCK 0 = Product Information Field (READ only) EEPROM RFU Product Type Identifier Serial Number Internal CRC BLOCK 1&2 = START-UP Register Initialisation Files (R/W) BLOCK 3 7 = Register Initialisation Files (R/W) Shipment Code! 2 Initialisation Sets & 1 User Block! BLOCK 8 31 = 32 KEYS for Crypto1-Unit (WRITE only) 01/21KEYH 2 & 31/24KEYH 5 61/27 KEYL 8 9& 1/2 10KEYL Byte KEY needs 12 Bytes! KEY-BYTE-FORMAT: KEY-Nibble & KEY-Nibble = 1 Byte Semiconductors 68

52 Key Handling From µc Parallel Interface 64 Byte FIFO WRITE E2 LOAD KEY EEPROM -Keys - Key Buffer LOAD KEY E2 During AUTHENT 1 Serial Data Stream IN (Plain) Crypto 1 Module Serial Data Stream OUT (Encrypted) Semiconductors 69

53 Additional Features Timer & Power Down Modes Programmable Timer Unit: Time-out Counter Watch-dog Counter Stop Watch Programmable One-Shot Periodical Trigger Timer / Pre-Scaler Clock derived from MHz Chip Clock Power Reduction Modes: Hard Power Down (RSTPD) Turn-off I s & O s & Osc, freeze outputs Soft Power Down (PD REG CTRL) Turn-off O s & Osc, 512-Clk-wake up Stand By Mode (STB REG CTRL) Turn-off O s & Osc, 4-Clk-wake up Receiver Power Down (RX Auto BIT) Card turns receiver part on / off Semiconductors 70

Register Sets Register Control in Mifare WND PAGE 0 PAGE 1 PAGE 2 PAGE 3 PAGE 4 PAGE 5 PAGE 6 PAGE 7 Command & Status Control & Status Transmitter & Coder Control Receiver & Decoder Control RF-Timing

54 Register Sets Register Control in Mifare WND PAGE 0 PAGE 1 PAGE 2 PAGE 3 PAGE 4 PAGE 5 PAGE 6 PAGE 7 Command & Status Control & Status Transmitter & Coder Control Receiver & Decoder Control RF-Timing & Channel Redundancy FIFO, Timer & Interrupt Configuration Reserved for future use (RFU)* Test Control* 8 Register per PAGE / Address Range 00 3F - * Some addresses reserved for future use (= 0 ) or PreSetted Semiconductors 71

55 HITAG Semiconductors 77

56 About HITAG HITAG is is the the name of of a chip chip family that that are are used used in in passive RFID RFID Applications at at a frequency range of of khz. khz. The The components comprise the the core core technology for for both, the the transponder and and the the read/write device. Semiconductors 78

57 Key Benefits HITAG Family Contactless read/write operation at at long long read read range up up to to meter. More than than items identified simultaneously in in the the field field of of the the antenna. Security applications with with chip chip integrated secret key key based encryption algorithm. Resistant to to harsh conditions (metal, water, electronic noise). Unlimited options for for different transponder shapes Different Memory options from from bit bit up up to to bit. bit. (HITAG S) S) Runs Runs on on ISO ISO standardised infrastructure (ISO (ISO 11784/85, , ) Semiconductors 79

58 ISO , low frequency Logistic Standard Status of of the the standard: FCD Resolution Read/Write --Reader Talks First Anticollision (1 (1 and and Timeslots) Air Air Interface as as two Parts,, as as in in Animal ID ID (A: (A: FDX 125kHz and and B: B: HDX-134kHz) Reader must be be able to to support A and and B Tag Tag must support Part A or or B. B. Semiconductors 84

59 ISO , low frequency How can can a ISO ISO Reader read HITAG S?? The hardware is is compatible,(same type of of modulation as as HITAG S and and HITAG 1) 1) e.g. e.g. the the ISO ISO reader has has already collision detection Firmware must have some adders, since the the protocol is is different. We We expect that there will will be be many readers supporting only part A or or Part B of of the the standard,,(same as as for for Animal ID). ID). Semiconductors 85

INTEGRATED CIRCUITS MF RC531. ISO Reader IC. Short Form Specification Revision 3.2. April Philips Semiconductors

INTEGRATED CIRCUITS MF RC531. ISO Reader IC. Short Form Specification Revision 3.2. April Philips Semiconductors INTEGRATED CIRCUITS ISO 14443 Reader IC Short Form Specification Revision 3.2 April 2005 Philips Semiconductors CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION...3 1.1 Scope...3 1.2 Features...3 1.3 Applications...3 2 BLOCK DIAGRAM...4