IBM i File Sharing in a Linux World and Distributed File Systems

Transcription

1 IBM i File Sharing in a Linux World and Distributed File Systems Margaret Fenlon mfenlon@us.ibm.com Session ID: Agenda Key: CP Integrated File System Sessions Understanding the Power of the Integrated File System Introduction to the Integrated File System IBM i NetServer: Easy Access to Data Integrated File System Security OPEN LAB: Integrated File System and File Servers IBM i File Sharing in a Linux World and Distributed File Systems ***YOU ARE HERE*** Integrated File System: Real Life Integrated File System: Advanced Topics 2

2 Agenda Networks File sharing in IBM i Samba IBM i NetServer NFS Distributed File Systems QFileSvr.400 IBM i NetClient file system (QNTC) Network File System (NFS) 3 Networks 4

3 Networks Mix of hardware and software Options for file sharing SMB / CIFS Network File Systems Other options IBM i supports these 5 File Sharing on IBM i-samba 6

4 What is Samba? From samba.org: "Samba is an Open Source/Free Software suite that provides seamless file and print services to SMB/CIFS clients." Samba project was released under GPL in 1993 Provides a Server Message Block client and server for POSIX systems Continually enhanced and maintained for over 20 years by an active development team. Goal to maintain compatibility with the Windows implementation Observed through network interactions with the Microsoft client and server International Business Machines Corporation 7 Where Can Samba be Found? BSD AIX Linux VMWare IRIX 8

5 What is Samba on IBM i Samba 3.6 source Initially Built on AIX 7.1 Packaged to run in the PASE environment Not included because of environment and licensing limitations: Active directory integration Kerberos authentication Print serving Application - not shipped with base 7.3 PTF SI PTF SI Why not native on IBM i? Samba designed to be compiled with GNU C compiler (gcc) Doesn t play well with native xlc compiler Samba a UNIX project Expectation programs installed in standard UNIX directories Modifications needed to build in a native IBM i environment Acceptance required by the Samba maintainers OR Re-applied for every patch release before a new version built 10

6 Install Samba on IBM i 11 How Do I Install Samba? On the Green screen start a PASE shell CALL QP2TERM Follow the directions on the AIX Toolbox site to install RPM and wget: Extract /QIBM/ProdData/OS/Samba.zip to any path using PASE jar utility Use the samba_setup.sh shell script with the 'install' option For example in the PASE shell: samba_setup.sh install Create a nobody user profile Required for unprivileged guest actions by Samba server For example: CRTUSRPRF USRPRF(NOBODY) STATUS(*DISABLED) TEXT('Needed for Samba server') 12

7 How Do I Use Samba Server? End IBM i NetServer Samba server and IBM inetserver use the same TCP ports End NetServer before starting the Samba server Start Samba server Shipped configuration file shares /QIBM by default Use command smbd&in a PASE shell 13 How Do I Use Samba Server? Define new shares Select which paths will be allowed access through the Samba server Edit /opt/samba/lib/smb.conf to add shares Users To access the Samba server, each user must be added manually Use the pdbedit command Users can be restricted from the Samba server by not adding them 14

8 Samba Client FTP style SMB client Useful if you want to retrieve or send a file to a remote system SMB session ends immediately when you exit out of Samba shell smbclient Command line interface Functions include: dir, md, rmdir, put, get smbclient help will display the full list of functions libsmbclient Shared library that provides program interfaces Basically a Samba API interface Does not have smbmount 15 Samba on IBM iexamples 16

9 Configuration file Examples of Shares /opt/samba/lib/smb.conf Default Share Read only IFSTEST share Read/Write 17 Adding a User for Samba Server pdbedit a <user> Must set a Samba password Used when connecting to the server Does not need to match the IBM ipassword 18

10 Start the Samba Server smbd& 19 Verify Samba Server is started ps to check server jobs kill <pid> to end the server (for screen below: kill 9088) 20

11 Accessing Samba Server from Windows UNC path directly \\<server>\<share> More secure than mapping a drive Map a drive Use Computer->Map Network Drive net use command net use <driver letter> \\<servername>\<sharename> /user:<username> <password> For example: net use x: \\lp05ut26\ifstest /user:ifstest new2day 21 Using Samba Server from Windows UNC path \\<server>\share 22

12 Using Samba Server from Windows Mapped drive 23 Using Samba Server from Windows Mapped drive can be used as any other drive on the PC View files Create/delete folder Create/edit/delete files Copy/paste Files Access is in binary, no text converting 24

13 Using Samba Server from Windows Example: File access Created simple file using notepad, save as testfile.txt to mapped drive 25 Using Samba Client smbclient <service> <password> 26

14 Using Samba Client 27 Using Samba Client Use help to get a list of smbclientcommands 28

15 Samba Logging and Debug Stream files used by Samba Server to log messages General server messages /opt/samba/var/log.smbd Messages related to specific sessions /var/log/samba/log.<client> Use the debug option on commands for client and server Logs additional messages Add d<value> where value is 1-10 For example d4 Value is the level of debug information 1 is lowest, 10 most verbose Server can be started with debug -For example: smbd d5 & -Messages logged to log.smbdfile smbclient messages logged to the screen 29 File Sharing on IBM i-netserver 30

16 IBM i Support for Windows Network Neighborhood" File and print serving for Common Internet File System (CIFS) clients Windows 7 Windows 8 Windows 10 Windows Server 2008 Windows Server 2012 Windows Server 2016 Linux Samba at current release levels Compatible with Microsoft Networking and Samba Part of the base IBM i Uses TCP/IP for connectivity 31 Locating IBM i NetServer in Navigator for IBM i 32

17 IBM i NetServer Management 33 Windows Policies affecting IBM i NetServer Note: Setting on Domain Controller will push setting out to clients without having to update individual PCs. Digitally sign messages Microsoft network client: Digitally sign communications (always) Microsoft network client: Digitally sign communications (if server agrees) This policy enables it. Microsoft network client: Send unencrypted password to third-party SMB servers If enabled would be unsecure and NetServer will not work Network security: LAN Manager authentication level LAN Manager, NTLM, NTLMv2 (most secure) 34

18 Windows Policies affecting IBM i NetServer Network security: Do not store LAN Manager hash value on next password change Similar to QPWDLVL 1 & 3 Network security: Configure encryption types allowed for Kerberos System i Navigator configuration defaults to DES only IBM i also supports AES Session security Network security: Minimum session security for NTLM SSP based (including secure RPC) clients Network security: Minimum session security for NTLM SSP based (including secure RPC) servers Both check boxes selected under one or the other may cause inability to connect, access denied or may look like the server is down 35 Viewing/changing client policies Start->Run secpol.msc Local Policies->Security Options Will show the list of policies To change, select the policy, right click -> Properties Explain tab for description 36

19 Windows Registry Setting affecting IBM i NetServer DirectoryCacheLifetime Under HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Services\Lanmanworkstation\Parameters May need to be adjusted to 0 Resolves 'File not found' problems for time-sensitive operations when using SMB2 37 Samba on IBM ivs. NetServer 38

20 Feature comparison Feature NetServer Samba on IBM i Kerberos authentication and integration with EIM Y N NTLM and NTLMv2 authentication Y Y NTLM and NTLMv2 session security N Y Automatic CCSID conversion of EBCDIC text Y N SMB print server Y N Integrated with the IBMi/OS (auditing, exit programs and user management) Application controlled usermanagement and logging, and enhanced error code reporting SMB 2.0 protocol Y* Y Y N N Y *New in IBM i How Well Does It Perform? Samba Read PS C:\Users\emig> Measure-Command {cp z:\dvd.iso dvd.iso} Minutes : 3 Seconds : 43 Milliseconds : 459 TotalSeconds : Write PS C:\Users\emig> Measure-Command {cp dvd.iso z:\dvd.iso} Minutes : 3 Seconds : 54 Milliseconds : 320 TotalSeconds : An Example Transfer of a 2.45 GB File with a Windows 7 Client *Measured in lab environments. Measurements in customer environments may differ. IBM i NetServer Read PS C:\Users\emig> Measure-Command {cp z:\dvd.iso dvd.iso} Minutes : 4 Seconds : 20 Milliseconds : 362 TotalSeconds : Write PS C:\Users\emig> Measure-Command {cp dvd.iso z:\dvd.iso} Minutes : 4 Seconds : 22 Milliseconds : 33 TotalSeconds :

21 File Sharing on IBM i-nfs 41 NFS - Prerequisites TCP/IP must be started TCP/IP Host Table must be configured properly Administrating profile must be entered in the System Distribution Directory For GUI administration of NFS through Navigator for i Any supported version of IBM iaccess for Windows Any supported version of IBM i 42

22 NFS for IBM i-server NFS versions 2, 3, and 4 are supported Allows access to IBM iobjects in the following file systems: Root (/) UDFS QOPT QOpenSys QSYS.LIB not supported for NFSv4 QDLS not supported for NFSv4 Supports simple data conversions 43 NFS Starting the jobs 44

23 NFS Exporting a path 45 NFS Exporting a path General Tab 46

24 NFS Exporting a path General Tab Browsing for users 47 NFS Exporting a path Access Tab Add host/netgroup 48

25 NFS Exporting a path Advanced Tab 49 NFS Viewing Exports Right-click on "NFS" from Network->Servers->TCP/IP 50

26 Distributed File Systems (Client side) 51 Why Distributed File Systems Linux Windows UNIX IBM i IBM i 52

27 Distributed File Systems QFileSvr.400 IBM i NetClient file system (QNTC) Network File System (NFS) 53 QFileSvr

28 QFileSvr.400 Easiest way to exchange data within the IBM ifamily Home system Branch system /QFileSvr.400/Branch 55 QFileSvr

29 QFileSvr QFileSvr

30 QFileSvr.400 QFileSvr.400 gives direct access to the root ( / ) directory of the remote machine. Remote access is granted based on object permissions on the server. 59 QFileSvr.400 Scenario Configuration Database QFileSvr.400 to copy configuration information Application Server Application Server Application Server LAN LAN LAN 60

31 QFileSvr.400 Requirements TCP/IP Configured on both systems Server Name can be resolved in Domain Name Server (DNS) USRPRF/password exist on both systems or Network Authentication Services (NAS) is configured Note: When using password to authenticate, both systems must have the same password level set with the QPWDLVL system value File Server started on the server system. STRHOSTSVR SERVER(*FILE) No longer supports connections using Enterprise Extender 61 QFileSvr.400 Network Authentication Requirements 1. Configure both client and server system for Network Authentication with the Network Authentication configuration wizard. 2. Signon to the client system. 3. Use QSH kinit command or CALL QKRBKINIT PARM( ) to get Kerberos credentials. 4. Access QFileSvr.400 paths as normal. Note:If you plan to access QFileSvr.400 paths through System inavigator, you will need to make the Kerberos tickets forwardable. 62

32 QFileSvr.400 Single or multiple connection to server Option for multiple connections Default is a single connection Only one user allowed to be using the connection so others wait Can cause slow downs on systems with many users of QFileSvr.400 Multiple connections Parallel access to the server Each job has it s own connection Threads within the same process still share a connection Controlled with environment variable: QIBM_RFS_CONNECTION_POLICY Multiple connections when set to a value of 1 Single connection when not defined or set to any value other than 1 To change Set environment variable as desired Remove all child directories /QFileSvr.400 Log out and back on and recreate child directories 63 QFileSrv.400 Single connection Client system Server system Job 1 Job 2 Job 3 Job 4 /QFileSvr.400/Server 64

33 QFileSrv.400 multiple connection Client system Server system Job 1 Job 2 Job 3 Job 4 Connection used for Job 1 Connection used for Job 2 Connection used for Job 3 Connection used for Job 4 /QFileSvr.400/Server 65 QNTC 66

34 QNTC Access data stored on CIFS File Servers IBM i /QNTC/NetServer/SHR/Sales.xls NetServer Linux /QNTC/Linux/MyShare/Sales.xls /QNTC/PC/MyShare/Sales.xls PC 67 QNTC Scenario Employees access company intranet PC1 C:\Catalog\ jpg Webserver accesses product catalog that is maintained on Windows server. 68

35 QNTC Accessing PC data via System inavigator 69 QNTC Release updates IBM i7.3 Updated to use Server Message Block (SMB), Version 2 (SMB2) Major internal update for better interoperability with newer servers Configuration and use is unchanged Default behavior QNTC will negotiate with the server to use the most current version Environment variable can be used to control protocol levels Recommend using the default QIBM_ZLC_SMB_VERS Does not exist or if set to 0 negotiates to use most current (DEFAULT) 1 force old protocol 2 force SMB2 and QNTC will fail to connect to servers only supporting older version 70

36 QNTC Configuration Prerequisites for using QNTC support Server names must be browsableby the IBM i NetServerin order to automatically appear in the integrated file system. IBM i users that will be using QNTC must have a Windows Domain user profile with the same name and password or Network Authentication Services is configured. Windows has local and domain users, if the same user exists for both, will use the domain user Ready to GO!! 71 Configuring QNTC IBM i NetServer Configuration 72

37 Configuring QNTC IBM i NetServer Configuration Domain will determine what appears in the /QNTC directory. For more info see IBM i NetServer Easy Access to IBM i Data 73 What will appear in the QNTC directory? /QNTC SALES011 SALES012 SHOP004 SHOP005 WARH01 WARH02 WARH03 WARH04 /QNTC SALES021 74

38 Configuring QNTC A word about WINS SALES021 SALES011 WINS Router Chicago Rochester 75 QNTC Security QNTC subdirectories and files are distributed objects. Access to server data is controlled by the server (Windows, Linux or remote IBM i NetServer), not QNTC. Share level security Defines the permission that a user has to the share. Object level security Defines the permission that a user has to the file or directory. 76

39 QNTC - Security Security Tips Share only what you need to share Don't allow access to root level ( / or C:\) Set appropriate permissions on shared files/directories Use Group Profiles to make managing access easier Use strong passwords 77 IBM iqntc Support for IPv6 connections Integrated server backup enhancements Save and restore Linux objects in a logical partition More information in the Knowledge Center: Systems management->backup and recovery->manually saving parts of your system->saving data for integrated servers->saving Linux data on logical partitions Network server lists are optional Optionally create the system directories manually for performance ADDENVVAR ENVVAR(QIBM_ZLC_NO_BROWSE) VALUE(1) LEVEL(*SYS) Maximum file sizes supports terabyte file sizes Message Signing available with Network Authentication Service(NAS) 78

40 QNTC Network Authentication Requirements IBM i user profile Local password management parameter, LCLPWDMGT, set to *NO. No password and not allowed to sign on a 5250 session Must have a Kerberos ticket Navigator for IBM i Kerberos ticket for the IBM iplatform must be forwardable. To make a ticket forwardable, follow these steps: Access the Active Directory Users and Computers tool on the KDC for your NAS realm. Select users. Select the name that corresponds to the service principal name. Select Properties. Select the Account tab. Select Account is trusted for delegation. 79 Network File System (NFS) 80

41 NFS Transparent Access to Remote Files IBM i NFS Server /ANYPATH/MyData IBM i, AIX, Linux, others 81 NFS Accessing data Before Mount After Mount 82

42 NFS for IBM i-client Mounted file systems appear local IBM idirectories in Root (/) or QOpenSysfile systems can be mounted over 83 NFS Namespace before Export NFS server name space NFS client view / The client cannot access (mount) a remote file system until it is exported from the server. 84

43 NFS Namespace after Export NFS server name space NFS client view The client can mount any directory, subdirectory, or file in a remote file system after it is exported. / 85 NFS - Mounting MOUNT TYPE(*NFS) MFS('zorba2:/perf/data') MNTOVRDIR('/home/RAY/wrkdir') UNIX NFS Server "zorba2" / iseries IBM i Client client perf data data1 data2 The "covered" wrkdir is now "invisible" and inaccessible from integrated file system interfaces. 86

44 NFS Mounting on the IBM i The IBM i MOUNT command use STATFS command to verify mounts 87 NFS Security UID/GID Management NFS Server1 NFS Client Userid UID??? 203 NFS Server2 Userid UID JOHN 203 Userid UID SALLY

45 NFS - Security Trusted Community Concept UID/GID management is required QSYCHGID API for administrators NFS command restrictions EXPORTFS options Root access from remote clients is controlled Anonymous UID access can be restricted Read write access can be controlled 89 NFS Security Tips Restrict use of NFS commands Export only what you need to (remember that child directories are implicitly exported too) Set appropriate permissions on exported files/directories Export only to clients that need the access Keep UIDs consistent across the network As a general rule, don't allow root access 90

46 IBM infs Maximum size for read/write increased to 32KB Reuse NFS client handle Improve performance Reduce socket churn NFS server supports TCP connections in addition to UDP NFS client supports TCP with the following command CALL PGM(QP0FPTOS) PARM(*NFSFORCE UDP OFF) Command must be called each IPL before NFS mounts established Requires that NFS block I/O daemon be running on client (QNFSBIOD) NFS server job threaded Threaded job dynamically tunes number of threads to match demand QDLS requests handled in a separate single threaded job NFS server and client support IPv6 connections 91 References Knowledge Center for IBM i Knowledge Center for IBM i Integrated file system Topic (Files and file systems > Integrated file system) IBM i NetServer 92

47 Integrated File System Sessions Understanding the Power of the Integrated File System Introduction to the Integrated File System IBM i NetServer: Easy Access to Data Integrated File System Security OPEN LAB: Integrated File System and File Servers IBM i File Sharing in a Linux World and Distributed File Systems Integrated File System: Real Life Integrated File System: Advanced Topics 93 Questions? 94

48 Power Systems Social Media IBM Power Systems Official Channels: More to Follow: Blogs to Follow More to Follow Hashtags To Use IBM Systems Magazine You and I (Steve Will) IBM Systems Magazine i-can (Dawn May) IBM Systems Magazine: idevelop (Jon Paris and Susan Gantner) IBM Systems Magazine: italk with Tuohy IBM DB2 for i (Mike Cain) IBM DB2 Web Query for i #PowerSystems #IBMi #IBMAIX #POWER8 #LinuxonPower #OpenPOWER #HANAonPower #ITinfrastructure #OpenSource #HybridCloud #BigData 96

49 Backup slides 97 Samba on IBM iexamples 98

50 List Users Authorized pdbedit L For a list of other options, type: pdbedit 99 View active sessions smbstatus 100

51 Using Samba Client retrieve list of shares smbclient L <server> 101 Using Samba Client retrieve list of shares 102

52 Using Samba Client retrieve list of shares 103 Using Samba Client retrieve list of shares 104

53 Using Samba Client basic commands 105 Using Samba Server from Windows Show the file on the IBM i 106

54 Using Samba Server from Windows Show the file on the IBM i - CCSID 107 Using Samba Server from Windows Show the file on the IBM i view contents with DSPF (option 5 on WRKLNK) Note: DSPF will perform text conversion 108

55 Using Samba Server from IBM i QNTC is a file system that is also an SMB client IBM i and Samba userid/password must match 109 File Sharing on IBM i-nfs 110

56 NFS - Properties 111 Integrated File System Internal Structure Applications/Generic Commands FMS Non-POSIX APIs Logical File System POSIX APIs PC File Server (Shared Folders) NFS Server IBM i NetServer vnode interface QDLS PFS QSYS.LIB PFS Root PFS QOPT PFS QOpenSys PFS NFS Client PFS User-Defined PFS QFileSvr.400 Client PFS QNTC PFS IBM BladeCenter blade and System x models attached to an IBM i solution via an iscsi network 112

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