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1 The following list represents the written codes in order: 1

2 #include<iostream> #include<cmath> void main() double x; double y; char ch; while (true) cout << "Enter a value of x: "; cin >> x; cout << "round(" << x << ") = " << round(x) << endl; cout << "ceil( " << x << ") = " << ceil(x) << endl; cout << "floor(" << x << ") = " << floor(x) << endl; cout << "fabs (" << x << ") = " << fabs(x) << endl; cout << "sqrt(" << x << ") = " << sqrt(x) << endl; //square root cout << "Enter a value of y: "; cin >> y; cout << "pow(" << x << "," << y << ") = " << pow(x,y) << endl; //power y = sqrt(pow(x, 3) + 2); // equation cout << y << endl; cout << "Exit (y/n):"; cin >> ch; ch = (char)tolower(ch); if (ch == 'y') 2

3 #include<iostream> #include<algorithm> void main() double x, y; cout << "Enter 2 numbers: "; cin >> x >> y; cout << "max(" << x << "," << y << ") = " << max(x, y) << endl; cout << "min(" << x << "," << y << ") = " << min(x, y) << endl; 3

4 #include<iostream> #include<iomanip> void main() char letter = 'A'; char nch = 97; cout << setw(15) << "letter = " << letter << endl; cout << setw(15) << "next letter = " << ++letter << endl; //Every character has a unique ASCII code between 0 & 127 cout << "ASCII of " << letter << " is " << (int)letter << endl; cout << "ASCII of " << letter << " is " << static_cast<int>(letter) << endl; cout << "nch " << nch << endl; int i = '2' + '3' + 'A' + 4; cout << "\'2\' + \'3\' + \'A\' + 4 = " << i << endl; cout << "Enter a Character : "; cin >> letter; if (isdigit(letter)) cout << "It is a digit." << endl; if (isspace(letter)) cout << "It is a space." << endl; if (isalpha(letter)) cout << "It is an alpha." << endl; if (islower (letter)) cout << "It is a lowercase letter, the uppercase is " << (char)toupper(letter) << endl; if (isupper(letter)) cout << "It is an uppercase letter, the lowercase is " << static_cast<char>(tolower(letter)) << endl; 4

5 #include<iostream> #include<string> void main() string s1 = "Introdution "; string s2 = "to Programming in C++"; cout << "S1: " << s1 << endl; cout << "Length of S1 is " << s1.length() << endl << endl; cout << "S2: " << s2 << endl; cout << "Length of S2 is " << s2.length() << endl << endl; string s3 = s1 + s2; int L = s3.length(); cout << "S3 (Concatenating s1 and s2) : " << s3 << endl; cout << "Length of S3 is " << L << endl << endl; string str = "ABCDE"; str[0] = 'M'; cout << "str = " << str << endl; char c = str[3]; cout << "str[3] " << c << endl; c = str.at(4); cout << "str.at(4) " << c << endl; cout << endl; string input; cout << "Enter a string: "; cin >> input >> skipws; cout << "The entered string using cin is " << input << endl; cin.ignore(int_max, '\n'); cout << "Enter a new string: "; getline(cin, input); cout << "The entered string using getline is " << input << endl; string name = "Mohamed Bassam"; for (int i = 0; i < name.length(); i++) name[i] = toupper(name[i]); cout << "To Uppercase string: " << name << endl; if (input == name) cout << "This is my name." << endl; else cout << "This is not my name." << endl; if (input.compare(name)) cout << "This is my name." << endl; else cout << "This is not my name." << endl; 5

6 #include<iostream> #include<cstdlib> #include<ctime> void main() int i = rand(); cout << "Random number: " << i << endl; cout << "\ngenerate a random number between 0 and 5 " << rand() % 6; cout << "\ngenerate a random number between 10 and 50 " << 10 + rand() % 41; while (true) i = rand(); cout << "Random number: " << i << endl; endl; << endl; cout << "Generate a random number between 0 and 5 " << rand() % 6 << cout << "Generate a random number between 10 and 50 " << 10 + rand() % 41 _sleep(1000); if (rand() % 16 == 0) while (true) int seed; cout << "Enter seed: "; cin >> seed; srand(seed); i = rand(); cout << "Random number after srand(seed): " << i << endl; if (seed == 0) while (true) srand(time(0)); i = rand(); cout << "Random number srand(time(0)): " << i << endl; _sleep(2000); cout << endl; 6

7 #include<iostream> int sum(int, int); // function prototype void main() //without using function! cout << "without using function!\n"; int s = 0; cout << "The sum of integers from 1 to 10 is "; for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) s += i; cout << s << endl; s = 0; cout << "The sum of integers from 10 to 100 is "; for (int i = 10; i <= 100; i++) s += i; cout << s << endl; s = 0; cout << "The sum of integers from 33 to 99 is "; for (int i = 33; i <= 99; i++) s += i; cout << s << endl; //define and invoke functions cout << "Using Functions\n"; cout << "The sum of integers from 1 to 10 is " << sum(1, 10) << endl; cout << "The sum of integers from 10 to 100 is " << sum(10, 100) << endl; cout << "The sum of integers from 33 to 99 is " << sum(33, 99) << endl; cout << endl; int sum(int x, int y) int result = 0; for (int i = x; i <= y; i++) result += i; return result; 7

8 // Return the max between two numbers int max(int num1, int num2) int result; if (num1 > num2) result = num1; else result = num2; return result; int i = 5; int j = 2; int k = max(i, j); cout << "The maximum between " << i << " and " << j << " is " << k << endl; 8

9 // Print grade for the score void printgrade(double score) if (score >= 90.0) cout << 'A' << endl; else if (score >= 80.0) cout << 'B' << endl; else if (score >= 70.0) cout << 'C' << endl; else if (score >= 60.0) cout << 'D' << endl; else cout << 'F' << endl; cout << "Enter a score: "; double score; cin >> score; cout << "The grade is "; printgrade(score); 9

10 // Return the grade for the score char getgrade(double score) if (score >= 90.0) return 'A'; else if (score >= 80.0) return 'B'; else if (score >= 70.0) return 'C'; else if (score >= 60.0) return 'D'; else return 'F'; cout << "Enter a score: "; double score; cin >> score; cout << "The grade is "; cout << getgrade(score) << endl; 10

11 #include <iomanip> // Check whether number is prime bool isprime(int number) for (int divisor = 2; divisor <= number/2 ; divisor++) if (number % divisor == 0) // If true, number is not prime return false; // number is not a prime return true; // number is prime void printprimenumbers(int numberofprimes) const int NUMBER_OF_PRIMES_PER_LINE = 10; // Display 10 per line int count = 0; // Count the number of prime numbers int number = 2; // A number to be tested for primeness // Repeatedly find prime numbers while (count < numberofprimes) // Print the prime number and increase the count if (isprime(number)) count++; // Increase the count if (count % NUMBER_OF_PRIMES_PER_LINE == 0) // Print the number and advance to the new line cout << setw(4) << number << endl; else cout << setw(4) << number; // Check if the next number is prime number++; cout << "The first 50 prime numbers are \n"; printprimenumbers(50); 11

12 // Return the max between two int values int max(int num1, int num2) if (num1 > num2) return num1; else return num2; // Find the max between two double values double max(double num1, double num2) if (num1 > num2) return num1; else return num2; // Return the max among three double values double max(double num1, double num2, double num3) return max(max(num1, num2), num3); // Invoke the max function with int parameters cout << "The maximum between 3 and 4 is " << max(3, 4) << endl; // Invoke the max function with the double parameters cout << "The maximum between 3.0 and 5.4 is " << max(3.0, 5.4) << endl; // Invoke the max function with three double parameters cout << "The maximum between 3.0, 5.4, and is " << max(3.0, 5.4, 10.14) << endl; 12

13 // Function prototype int max(int num1, int num2); double max(double num1, double num2); double max(double num1, double num2, double num3); // Invoke the max function with int parameters cout << "The maximum between 3 and 4 is " << max(3, 4) << endl; // Invoke the max function with the double parameters cout << "The maximum between 3.0 and 5.4 is " << max(3.0, 5.4) << endl; endl; // Invoke the max function with three double parameters cout << "The maximum between 3.0, 5.4, and is " << max(3.0, 5.4, 10.14) << // Return the max between two int values int max(int num1, int num2) if (num1 > num2) return num1; else return num2; // Find the max between two double values double max(double num1, double num2) if (num1 > num2) return num1; else return num2; // Return the max among three double values double max(double num1, double num2, double num3) return max(max(num1, num2), num3); 13

14 void printarea(double = 1); printarea(); printarea(4); // Display area of a circle void printarea(double radius) double area = radius * radius * ; cout << "area is " << area << endl; 14

15 // Display area of a circle void printarea(double radius = 1) double area = radius * radius * ; cout << "area is " << area << endl; printarea(); printarea(4); 15

16 inline void f(int month, int year) cout << "month is " << month << endl; cout << "year is " << year << endl; int month = 10, year = 2008; f(month, year); // Invoke inline function f(9, 2010); // Invoke inline function 16

17 void t1(); // Function prototype void t2(); // Function prototype t1(); t2(); int y; // Global variable, default to 0 void t1() int x = 1; cout << "x is " << x << endl; cout << "y is " << y << endl; x++; y++; void t2() int x = 1; cout << "x is " << x << endl; cout << "y is " << y << endl; 17

18 int v1 = 10; int v1 = 5; cout << "local variable v1 is " << v1 << endl; cout << "global variable v1 is " << ::v1 << endl; 18

19 void t1(); // Function prototype t1(); t1(); void t1() static int x = 1; int y = 1; x++; y++; cout << "x is " << x << endl; cout << "y is " << y << endl; 19

20 void increment(int n) n++; cout << "\tn inside the function is " << n << endl; int x = 1; cout << "Before the call, x is " << x << endl; increment(x); cout << "after the call, x is " << x << endl; 20

21 void increment(int& n) n++; cout << "n inside the function is " << n << endl; int x = 1; cout << "Before the call, x is " << x << endl; increment(x); cout << "After the call, x is " << x << endl; 21

22 int count = 1; int& r = count; cout << "count is " << count << endl; cout << "r is " << r << endl; r++; cout << "count is " << count << endl; cout << "r is " << r << endl; count = 10; cout << "count is " << count << endl; cout << "r is " << r << endl; 22

23 // Attempt to swap two variables does not work! void swap(int n1, int n2) cout << "\tinside the swap function" << endl; cout << "\tbefore swapping n1 is " << n1 << " n2 is " << n2 << endl; // Swap n1 with n2 int temp = n1; n1 = n2; n2 = temp; cout << "\tafter swapping n1 is " << n1 << " n2 is " << n2 << endl; // Declare and initialize variables int num1 = 1; int num2 = 2; cout << "Before invoking the swap function, num1 is " << num1 << " and num2 is " << num2 << endl; // Invoke the swap function to attempt to swap two variables swap(num1, num2); cout << "After invoking the swap function, num1 is " << num1 << " and num2 is " << num2 << endl; 23

24 // Swap two variables void swap(int& n1, int& n2) cout << "\tinside the swap function" << endl; cout << "\tbefore swapping n1 is " << n1 << " n2 is " << n2 << endl; // Swap n1 with n2 int temp = n1; n1 = n2; n2 = temp; cout << "\tafter swapping n1 is " << n1 << " n2 is " << n2 << endl; // Declare and initialize variables int num1 = 1; int num2 = 2; cout << "Before invoking the swap function, num1 is " << num1 << " and num2 is " << num2 << endl; // Invoke the swap function to attempt to swap two variables swap(num1, num2); cout << "After invoking the swap function, num1 is " << num1 << " and num2 is " << num2 << endl; 24

25 #include <iomanip> // Function prototypes void printmonth(int year, int month); void printmonthtitle(int year, int month); void printmonthname(int month); void printmonthbody(int year, int month); int getstartday(int year, int month); int gettotalnumberofdays(int year, int month); int getnumberofdaysinmonth(int year, int month); bool isleapyear(int year); // Prompt the user to enter year cout << "Enter full year (e.g., 2001): "; int year; cin >> year; // Prompt the user to enter month cout << "Enter month in number between 1 and 12: "; int month; cin >> month; // Print calendar for the month of the year printmonth(year, month); // Print the calendar for a month in a year void printmonth(int year, int month) // Print the headings of the calendar printmonthtitle(year, month); // Print the body of the calendar printmonthbody(year, month); // Print the month title, e.g., May, 1999 void printmonthtitle(int year, int month) printmonthname(month); cout << " " << year << endl; cout << " " << endl; cout << " Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat" << endl; // Get the English name for the month void printmonthname(int month) switch (month) case 1: 25

26 cout << "January"; case 2: cout << "February"; case 3: cout << "March"; case 4: cout << "April"; case 5: cout << "May"; case 6: cout << "June"; case 7: cout << "July"; case 8: cout << "August"; case 9: cout << "September"; case 10: cout << "October"; case 11: cout << "November"; case 12: cout << "December"; // Print month body void printmonthbody(int year, int month) // Get start day of the week for the first date in the month int startday = getstartday(year, month); // Get number of days in the month int numberofdaysinmonth = getnumberofdaysinmonth(year, month); // Pad space before the first day of the month int i = 0; for (i = 0; i < startday; i++) cout << " "; for (i = 1; i <= numberofdaysinmonth; i++) cout << setw(4) << i; if ((i + startday) % 7 == 0) cout << endl; 26

27 // Get the start day of the first day in a month int getstartday(int year, int month) // Get total number of days since 1//1//1800 int startday1800 = 3; int totalnumberofdays = gettotalnumberofdays(year, month); // Return the start day return (totalnumberofdays + startday1800) % 7; // Get the total number of days since January 1, 1800 int gettotalnumberofdays(int year, int month) int total = 0; // Get the total days from 1800 to year - 1 for (int i = 1800; i < year; i++) if (isleapyear(i)) total = total + 366; else total = total + 365; // Add days from Jan to the month prior to the calendar month for (int i = 1; i < month; i++) total = total + getnumberofdaysinmonth(year, i); return total; // Get the number of days in a month int getnumberofdaysinmonth(int year, int month) if (month == 1 month == 3 month == 5 month == 7 month == 8 month == 10 month == 12) return 31; if (month == 4 month == 6 month == 9 month == 11) return 30; if (month == 2) return isleapyear(year)? 29 : 28; // If month is incorrect // Determine if it is a leap year bool isleapyear(int year) return year % 400 == 0 (year % 4 == 0 && year % 100!= 0); 27

Introduction to programming using Python

Introduction to programming using Python Matthieu Choplin matthieu.choplin@city.ac.uk http://moodle.city.ac.uk/ Session 5 1 Objectives To come back on the definition of functions To invoke value-returning