Bitnami Magento for Huawei Enterprise Cloud

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1 Bitnami Magento for Huawei Enterprise Cloud Description Magento is a feature-rich flexible e-commerce solution. It includes transaction options, multi-store functionality, loyalty programs, product categorization and shopper filtering, promotion rules, and more. First steps with the Bitnami Magento Stack Welcome to your new Bitnami application running on Huawei Enterprise Cloud! Here are a few questions (and answers!) you might need when first starting with your application. What is the administrator username set for me to log in to the application for the first time? Username: user What is the administrator password? To obtain the administrator password, click the "Remote Login" menu option next to the server name in the Huawei Cloud Server Console. This will launch a new browser window with an encrypted login session. The application password will be displayed on the login welcome screen. What SSH username should I use for secure shell access to my application? SSH username: root How to connect to the MySQL database? You can connect to the MySQL database from the same computer where it is installed with the mysql client tool 华为保密信息, 未经授权禁止扩散第 1 页, 共 26 页

2 mysql -u root -p You will be prompted to enter the root user password. This is the same as the application password. Find out how to obtain application credentials. How to debug errors in your database? The main log file is created at /opt/bitnami/mysql/data/mysqld.log on the MySQL database server host. How to start or stop the services? Each Bitnami stack includes a control script that lets you easily stop, start and restart services. The script is located at /opt/bitnami/ctlscript.sh. Call it without any service name arguments to start all services: sudo /opt/bitnami/ctlscript.sh start Or use it to restart a single service, such as Apache only, by passing the service name as argument: sudo /opt/bitnami/ctlscript.sh restart apache Use this script to stop all services: sudo /opt/bitnami/ctlscript.sh stop Restart the services by running the script without any arguments: sudo /opt/bitnami/ctlscript.sh restart Obtain a list of available services and operations by running the script without any arguments: sudo /opt/bitnami/ctlscript.sh Updating the IP address or hostname 华为保密信息, 未经授权禁止扩散第 2 页, 共 26 页

3 Magento requires updating the IP address/domain name if the machine IP address/domain name changes. The bnconfig tool also has an option which updates the IP address, called machine_hostname (use help to check if that option is available for your application). Note that this tool changes the URL to sudo /opt/bitnami/apps/magento/bnconfig --machine_hostname NEW_DOMAIN If you have configured your machine to use a static domain name or IP address, you should rename or remove the /opt/bitnami/apps/magento/bnconfig file. sudo mv /opt/bitnami/apps/magento/bnconfig /opt/bitnami/apps/magento/bn config.disabled NOTE: Be sure that your domain is propagated. Otherwise, this will not work. You can verify the new DNS record by using the Global DNS Propagation Checker and entering your domain name into the search field. You can also change your hostname by modifying it in your hosts file. Enter the new hostname using your preferred editor. sudo nano /etc/hosts Add a new line with the IP address and the new hostname. Here's an example. Remember to replace the IP-ADDRESS and DOMAIN placeholders with the correct IP address and domain name. IP-ADDRESS DOMAIN How to reset the MariaDB root password? If you don't remember your MariaDB root password, you can follow the steps below to reset it to a new value: Create a file in /home/bitnami/mysql-init with the content shown below (replace NEW_PASSWORD with the password you wish to use): UPDATE mysql.user SET Password=PASSWORD('NEW_PASSWORD') WHERE User= 'root'; FLUSH PRIVILEGES; Stop the MariaDB server: 华为保密信息, 未经授权禁止扩散第 3 页, 共 26 页

4 sudo /opt/bitnami/ctlscript.sh stop mysql Start MariaDB with the following command: sudo /opt/bitnami/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/opt/bitnami /mysql/my.cnf --pid-file=/opt/bitnami/mysql/data/mysqld.pid --init-f ile=/home/bitnami/mysql-init 2> /dev/null & Restart the MariaDB server: sudo /opt/bitnami/ctlscript.sh restart mysql Remove the init script rm /home/bitnami/mysql-init How to change the MariaDB root password? You can modify the MariaDB password using the following command at the shell prompt: /opt/bitnami/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -p -u root password NEW_PASSWORD How to create a full backup of Magento? Backup The Bitnami Magento Stack is self-contained and the simplest option for performing a backup is to copy or compress the Bitnami stack installation directory. To do so in a safe manner, you will need to stop all servers, so this method may not be appropriate if you have people accessing the application continuously. Follow these steps: Change to the directory in which you wish to save your backup: cd /your/directory 华为保密信息, 未经授权禁止扩散第 4 页, 共 26 页

5 Stop all servers: sudo /opt/bitnami/ctlscript.sh stop Create a compressed file with the stack contents: sudo tar -pczvf application-backup.tar.gz /opt/bitnami Restart all servers: sudo /opt/bitnami/ctlscript.sh start You should now download or transfer the application-backup.tar.gz file to a safe location. Restore Follow these steps: Change to the directory containing your backup: cd /your/directory Stop all servers: sudo /opt/bitnami/ctlscript.sh stop Move the current stack to a different location: sudo mv /opt/bitnami /tmp/bitnami-backup Uncompress the backup file to the original directoryv sudo tar -pxzvf application-backup.tar.gz -C / Start all servers: sudo /opt/bitnami/ctlscript.sh start If you want to create only a database backup, refer to these instructions for MySQL and PostgreSQL 华为保密信息, 未经授权禁止扩散第 5 页, 共 26 页

6 How to upload files to the server with SFTP? Although you can use any SFTP/SCP client to transfer files to your server, the link below explains how to configure FileZilla (Windows, Linux and Mac OS X), WinSCP (Windows) and Cyberduck (Mac OS X). It is required to use your server's private SSH key to configure the SFTP client properly. Choose your preferred application and follow the steps in the link below to connect to the server through SFTP. How to upload files to the server How to enable HTTPS support with SSL certificates? NOTE: The steps below assume that you are using a custom domain name and that you have already configured the custom domain name to point to your cloud server. Bitnami images come with SSL support already pre-configured and with a dummy certificate in place. Although this dummy certificate is fine for testing and development purposes, you will usually want to use a valid SSL certificate for production use. You can either generate this on your own (explained here) or you can purchase one from a commercial certificate authority. Once you obtain the certificate and certificate key files, you will need to update your server to use them. Follow these steps to activate SSL support: Use the table below to identify the correct locations for your certificate and configuration files. Variable Value Current application URL Example: or Apache /opt/bitnami/apache2/conf/bitnami/bitnami.conf configuration file Certificate file /opt/bitnami/apache2/conf/server.crt Certificate key file /opt/bitnami/apache2/conf/server.key CA certificate bundle file (if /opt/bitnami/apache2/conf/server-ca.crt present) Copy your SSL certificate and certificate key file to the specified locations 华为保密信息, 未经授权禁止扩散第 6 页, 共 26 页

7 NOTE: If you use different names for your certificate and key files, you should reconfigure the SSLCertificateFile and SSLCertificateKeyFile directives in the corresponding Apache configuration file to reflect the correct file names. If your certificate authority has also provided you with a PEM-encoded Certificate Authority (CA) bundle, you must copy it to the correct location in the previous table. Then, modify the Apache configuration file to include the following line below the SSLCertificateKeyFile directive. Choose the correct directive based on your scenario and Apache version: Variable Apache configuration file Value /opt/bitnami/apache2/conf/bitnami/bitnami.conf Directive to include SSLCACertificateFile (Apache v2.4.8+) "/opt/bitnami/apache2/conf/server-ca.crt" Directive to include SSLCertificateChainFile (Apache < v2.4.8) "/opt/bitnami/apache2/conf/server-ca.crt" NOTE: If you use a different name for your CA certificate bundle, you should reconfigure the SSLCertificateChainFile or SSLCACertificateFile directives in the corresponding Apache configuration file to reflect the correct file name. Once you have copied all the server certificate files, you may make them readable by the root user only with the following commands: sudo chown root:root /opt/bitnami/apache2/conf/server* sudo chmod 600 /opt/bitnami/apache2/conf/server* Open port 443 in the server firewall. Refer to the FAQ for more information. Restart the Apache server. You should now be able to access your application using an HTTPS URL. How to create an SSL certificate? You can create your own SSL certificate with the OpenSSL binary. A certificate request can then be sent to a certificate authority (CA) to get it signed into a certificate, or if you have your own certificate authority, you may sign it yourself, or you can use a self-signed certificate (because you just want a test certificate or because you are setting up your own CA). Create your private key (if you haven't created it already): sudo openssl genrsa -out /opt/bitnami/apache2/conf/server.key 华为保密信息, 未经授权禁止扩散第 7 页, 共 26 页

8 Create a certificate: sudo openssl req -new -key /opt/bitnami/apache2/conf/server.key -out /opt/bitnami/apache2/conf/cert.csr IMPORTANT: Enter the server domain name when the above command asks for the "Common Name". Send cert.csr to the certificate authority. When the certificate authority completes their checks (and probably received payment from you), they will hand over your new certificate to you. Until the certificate is received, create a temporary self-signed certificate: sudo openssl x509 -in /opt/bitnami/apache2/conf/cert.csr -out /opt/b itnami/apache2/conf/server.crt -req -signkey /opt/bitnami/apache2/co nf/server.key -days 365 Back up your private key in a safe location after generating a passwordprotected version as follows: sudo openssl rsa -des3 -in /opt/bitnami/apache2/conf/server.key -out privkey.pem Note that if you use this encrypted key in the Apache configuration file, it will be necessary to enter the password manually every time Apache starts. Regenerate the key without password protection from this file as follows: sudo openssl rsa -in privkey.pem -out /opt/bitnami/apache2/conf/s erver.key Find more information about certificates at How to force HTTPS redirection? Add the following to the top of the /opt/bitnami/apps/magento/conf/httpdprefix.conf file: RewriteEngine On RewriteCond %{HTTPS}!=on 华为保密信息, 未经授权禁止扩散第 8 页, 共 26 页

9 RewriteRule ^/(.*) [R,L] After modifying the Apache configuration files, restart Apache to apply the changes. How to debug Apache errors? Once Apache starts, it will create two log files at /opt/bitnami/apache2/logs/access_log and /opt/bitnami/apache2/logs/error_log respectively. The access_log file is used to track client requests. When a client requests a document from the server, Apache records several parameters associated with the request in this file, such as: the IP address of the client, the document requested, the HTTP status code, and the current time. The error_log file is used to record important events. This file includes error messages, startup messages, and any other significant events in the life cycle of the server. This is the first place to look when you run into a problem when using Apache. If no error is found, you will see a message similar to: Syntax OK How to modify PHP settings? The PHP configuration file allows you to configure the modules enabled, the settings or the size of the upload files. It is located at /opt/bitnami/php/etc/php.ini. After modifying the PHP configuration file, restart both Apache and PHP-FPM for the changes to take effect: sudo /opt/bitnami/ctlscript.sh restart apache sudo /opt/bitnami/ctlscript.sh restart php-fpm For example, to modify the default upload limit for PHP, update the PHP configuration file following these instructions 华为保密信息, 未经授权禁止扩散第 9 页, 共 26 页

10 How to modify the allowed limit for uploaded files? Modify the following options in the /opt/bitnami/php/etc/php.ini file to increase the allowed size for uploads: ; Maximum size of POST data that PHP will accept. post_max_size = 16M ; Maximum allowed size for uploaded files. upload_max_filesize = 16M Restart PHP-FPM and Apache for the changes to take effect. sudo /opt/bitnami/ctlscript.sh restart apache sudo /opt/bitnami/ctlscript.sh restart php-fpm How to access phpmyadmin? For security reasons, phpmyadmin is accessible only when using as the hostname. To access it from a remote system, you must create an SSH tunnel that routes requests to the Apache Web server from This implies that you must be able to connect to your server over SSH in order to access these applications remotely. IMPORTANT: Before following the steps below, ensure that your Apache and MySQL servers are running. NOTE: The steps below suggest using port 8888 for the SSH tunnel. If this port is already in use by another application on your local machine, replace it with any other port number greater than 1024 and modify the steps below accordingly. Similarly, if you have enabled Varnish, your stack's Apache Web server might be running on port 81. In this case, modify the steps below to use port 81 instead of port 80 for the tunnel endpoint. Windows To access the application using your Web browser, create an SSH tunnel, as described below 华为保密信息, 未经授权禁止扩散第 10 页, 共 26 页

11 Download PuTTY and make sure you can log in to the server console with it following the instructions in the FAQ. Once you have confirmed you are able to log in successfully, log back out. Reconnect to the server using PuTTY, this time adapting the steps to include an additional SSH tunnel. When configuring the new SSH session in PuTTY, additionally navigate to the "Connection -> SSH -> Tunnels" section and create a secure tunnel by forwarding port 80 on the server to port 8888 on the local host ( or localhost). Click the "Add" button to add the secure tunnel configuration to the session. Here is an example: Go back to the "Session" section and save your changes by clicking the "Save" button. Click the "Open" button to open an SSH session to the server. The SSH session will now include a secure SSH tunnel between the two specified ports. While the tunnel is active, you should be able to access the phpmyadmin console through the secure SSH tunnel you created, by browsing to 华为保密信息, 未经授权禁止扩散第 11 页, 共 26 页

12 To log in, use username root for MySQL and the application password from the detail page for your cloud server. If you are unable to access phpmyadmin, verify that the SSH tunnel was created by checking the PuTTY event log (accessible via the "Event Log" menu): Linux and Mac OS X To access the application using your Web browser, create an SSH tunnel, as described below. Open a new terminal window on your local system (for example, using "Finder -> Applications -> Utilities -> Terminal" in Mac OS X or the Dash in Ubuntu). Make sure you can log in to the server console following the instructions in the FAQ. Once you have confirmed you are able to log in successfully, log back out. Run the following command to configure the SSH tunnel. Remember to replace SERVER-IP with the public IP address or hostname of your server. Enter your SSH password when prompted. ssh -N -L 8888: :80 bitnami@server-ip If you are using a private key to connect to the server, use the following command instead, remembering to replace KEYFILE with the path to your private key and SERVER-IP with the public IP address or hostname of your server: ssh -N -L 8888: :80 -i KEYFILE bitnami@server-ip 华为保密信息, 未经授权禁止扩散第 12 页, 共 26 页

13 NOTE: If successful, the above commands will create an SSH tunnel but will not display any output on the server console. While the tunnel is active, you should be able to access the phpmyadmin console through the secure SSH tunnel you created, by browsing to To log in, use username root for MySQL and the application password from the detail page for your cloud server. How to enable multi-site support? NOTE: This configuration guide assumes that the Apache server is using port 80, and that Magento is running at the root URL. Multi-store support in Magento is an important feature. This guide will attempt to set up domain1.com and domain2.com, both sharing the same catalog. You can also configure subdomains if you prefer, and use a different catalog for each store. Add new categories To begin with, add new Categories. You can add Subcategories or Root Categories, depending on whether you want to share the catalog or not. In this case, create two Subcategories, "Shoes" and "Clothes". To do so, go to the "Products -> Categories -> Add Subcategory" menu. Use the name you want, set "Is Active" to "Yes" in the "General Information" tab, and "Is Anchor" to "Yes" in the "Display Settings" tab. #### Configure the stores The next step is to create the websites. To do so, go to the "Stores -> All Stores -> Create Website" menu. In the "Name" field, enter the domain of your new site and in the "Code" field, the code Magento will use to call this site. Here's an example: 华为保密信息, 未经授权禁止扩散第 13 页, 共 26 页

14 Once the websites have been created, create the store corresponding to each website by clicking the "Create Store" button in the "Stores -> All Stores -> Create Store" menu. "Website" is the website to which this store will be associated, "Name" is the same as "Website", and "Root Category" is the root category that will be used for this store. Finally, create the store view, which is the interface that the customer will access on the front-end. Click the "Create Store View" button in the "Stores -> All Stores" menu. Set the "Store" field to the store which this view will be associated with. Enter the name of this store view, the code for this store view and use the "Status" field to enable the store view and make it accessible from the front-end 华为保密信息, 未经授权禁止扩散第 14 页, 共 26 页

15 After the store has been created, go to the "System -> Configuration -> General" menu and make sure that "Default Config" is selected under "Current Configuration Scope". Select the Web section and set "Auto-redirect to Base URL" to "No" under the "URL Options" menu. Configure the "Unsecure Base URL" and "Secure Base URL" for your newly created stores. Before setting their respective base URLs, ensure that the configuration scope is set to the domain1.com website to define which site you are working on. Then, modify the base URLs for both "Unsecure" and "Secure" scenarios with the corresponding domain name by unchecking the "Use default [STORE VIEW]" checkbox. Save the configuration 华为保密信息, 未经授权禁止扩散第 15 页, 共 26 页

16 Repeat the steps above for domain2.com. Configure the Apache server The next step is to configure Apache to use Virtual Hosts and redirect depending on the domain. Add the following line to include the Magento configuration file for Virtual Hosts in the /opt/bitnami/apache2/conf/bitnami/bitnami-apps-vhosts.conf file: 华为保密信息, 未经授权禁止扩散第 16 页, 共 26 页

17 ... Include "/opt/bitnami/apps/magento/conf/httpd-vhosts.conf"... Add the new domains to the VirtualHosts, into the ServerAlias directive, in the /opt/bitnami/apps/magento/conf/httpd-vhosts.conf file <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName yourdomain.com ServerAlias domain1.com domain2.com DocumentRoot "/opt/bitnami/apps/magento/htdocs/" Include "/opt/bitnami/apps/magento/conf/httpd-app.conf" </VirtualHost> Add the following lines at the end of the /opt/bitnami/apps/magento/conf/htaccess.conf file to redirect the request depending on the domain.... SetEnvIf Host www\.domain1\.com MAGE_RUN_CODE=domain1_com SetEnvIf Host www\.domain1\.com MAGE_RUN_TYPE=website SetEnvIf Host ^domain1\.com MAGE_RUN_CODE=domain1_com SetEnvIf Host ^domain1\.com MAGE_RUN_TYPE=website SetEnvIf Host www\.domain2\.com MAGE_RUN_CODE=domain2_com SetEnvIf Host www\.domain2\.com MAGE_RUN_TYPE=website SetEnvIf Host ^domain2\.com MAGE_RUN_CODE=domain2_com SetEnvIf Host ^domain2\.com MAGE_RUN_TYPE=website Here, MAGE_RUN_CODE is the code provided when configuring the New Website. Restart the Apache server to load the new configuration 华为保密信息, 未经授权禁止扩散第 17 页, 共 26 页

18 sudo /opt/bitnami/ctlscript.sh restart apache You should now have different stores depending on the domain used. How to configure PHP-FPM options? To override any of the PHP configuration options (eg. memory_limit, max_execution_time), set these options in the /opt/bitnami/php/etc/php.ini file and in the /opt/bitnami/apps/appname/conf/php-fpm/php-settings.conf file. For example, to increase the PHP memory limit, edit the /opt/bitnami/appname/conf/php-fpm/php-settings.conf file and set the corresponding variable as follows. Replace the NEW_LIMIT placeholder with the new memory limit you wish to use. php_value[memory_limit]=new_limit Then, also modify the /opt/bitnami/php/etc/php.ini file and set the memory_limit variable to a new value, as shown below: memory_limit=new_limit Restart Apache and PHP-FPM for the changes to take effect: /opt/bitnami/ctlscript.sh restart apache /opt/bitnami/ctlscript.sh restart php-fpm How to access the Magento administration panel? The Magento administration panel is available at the URL IP/admin by default. How to connect to the Magento API (REST, SOAP)? The Magento API is available at the URL IP/magento/index.php/api/ by default 华为保密信息, 未经授权禁止扩散第 18 页, 共 26 页

19 How to create a backup of Magento using the admin interface? To create a backup of Magento, follow these steps: Browse to Magento's administration panel. Navigate to the "System -> Tools > Backups" menu. Find the three orange buttons near the top right corner. These perform the following functions: System Backup will create a.tgz file with the entire source code of your Magento installation and your database. For most cases, this is the recommended backup option and the most complete. It may take several minutes. Database and Media Backup will create a.tgz file with your Magento database and the contents of the media directory. Take care that this backup does not add other assets like theme files. Database Backup will only create a.sql.gz file with the database of your Magento installation. You may also put your Magento store in maintenance mode while creating the backup. How to restore a database backup of Magento? If you have a database backup file created using the admin interface, you can import and restore it when you need to. Two options are available when importing your database 华为保密信息, 未经授权禁止扩散第 19 页, 共 26 页

20 Using phpmyadmin NOTE: phpmyadmin only allows upload of an 80MB database file or less. If your database file is greater than 80MB, use the command line instead. Browse to phpmyadmin and login with your username and password. Navigate to Magento's database. Use the "Import" tab and select your.sql.gz file. Click the "Go" button. This might take a few minutes. Once done, you will see Magento's tables in the database. Using the command line Navigate to your Magento installation directory using the server console. Make sure that the database backup file is already present on the machine. Enter the following command to import your database. Note that you must change the database name bitnami_magento if your database has a different name. gunzip > /path/to/database/file/magento.sql.gz mysql -u root -p bi tnami_magento How to configure Magento modes? Magento works in different modes. The Bitnami Magento Stack enables "default" mode. These are the modes availables: Default: Enables you to deploy the Magento application on a single server without changing any settings. However, default mode is not optimized for production. Developer: Intended for development only. It disables static view file caching, enables enhanced debugging and verbose loggind, which results in a slower performance 华为保密信息, 未经授权禁止扩散第 20 页, 共 26 页

21 Production: Intended for deployment on a production system. Exceptions are not displayed to the user, exceptions are written to logs only, and static view files are served from cache only. New or updated files are not written to the file system. Find more details about modes in Magento's official documentation. In order to display the current mode, run the following command: sudo /opt/bitnami/apps/magento/htdocs/bin/magento deploy:mode:show A message similar to the following will appear: Current application mode: default. To change to another mode, run this command replacing MODE with the "default", "developer" or "production" sudo /opt/bitnami/apps/magento/htdocs/bin/magento deploy:mode:set MODE Here's an example that sets Magento to production mode: sudo /opt/bitnami/apps/magento/htdocs/bin/magento deploy:mode:set produ ction A message similar to the following will appear: Enabled maintenance mode Starting compilation If changing from production mode to developer mode, delete the contents of the var/generation and var/di directories before setting the mode: sudo rm -rf /opt/bitnami/apps/magento/htdocs/var/di/* /opt/bitnami/apps /magento/htdocs/var/generation/* How to configure the Magento cron task? Magento cron tasks are enabled for cloud images by default. Check if they are working by running this command: 华为保密信息, 未经授权禁止扩散第 21 页, 共 26 页

22 crontab -u bitnami -l The output should contain these lines if they are enabled: */1 * * * * /opt/bitnami/php/bin/php /opt/bitnami/apps/magento/htdocs/b in/magento cron:run -vvv 2>&1 >> /opt/bitnami/apps/magento/htdocs/var/l og/magento-cron.log #magento-cron */1 * * * * /opt/bitnami/php/bin/php /opt/bitnami/apps/magento/htdocs/u pdate/cron.php 2>&1 >> /opt/bitnami/apps/magento/htdocs/var/log/magento -update-cron.log #magento-update-cron */1 * * * * /opt/bitnami/php/bin/php /opt/bitnami/apps/magento/htdocs/b in/magento setup:cron:run -vvv 2>&1 >> /opt/bitnami/apps/magento/htdocs /var/log/magento-setup-cron.log #magento-setup-cron In case they are disabled, run Magento schedulers following the steps below: Run the following command to open the crontab file: crontab -u bitnami -e If prompted for an editor, select one you are most acquainted with. nano is the easiest one if you don't know which one to choose. At the end of the file, add the following lines: */1 * * * * /opt/bitnami/php/bin/php /opt/bitnami/apps/magento/htdo cs/bin/magento cron:run */1 * * * * /opt/bitnami/php/bin/php /opt/bitnami/apps/magento/htdo cs/update/cron.php */1 * * * * /opt/bitnami/php/bin/php /opt/bitnami/apps/magento/htdo cs/bin/magento setup:cron:run Save the file and exit. Again, check the tasks have been correctly added running the following command. It should display the content of the file just edited, including the newly-added lines. crontab -u bitnami -l 华为保密信息, 未经授权禁止扩散第 22 页, 共 26 页

23 How to flush the cache? In order to purge out-of-date items from the cache, you can clean or flush cache types: Cleaning a cache type deletes all items from enabled Magento cache types only. In other words, this option does not affect other processes or applications because it only cleans the cache used by Magento. Disabled cache types are not cleaned. Flushing a cache type purges the cache storage, which might affect other processes applications that are using the same storage. Flush cache types if you've already tried cleaning the cache and you still have unresolved issues. Flush the cache using the command line sudo /opt/bitnami/apps/magento/htdocs/bin/magento cache:clean sudo /opt/bitnami/apps/magento/htdocs/bin/magento cache:flush For example, to flush all cache types, enter sudo /opt/bitnami/apps/magento/htdocs/bin/magento cache:flush --all Flush the cache using the web interface Flushing all cache types: Open the Administration panel and click on "System-> Tools-> Cache Management". Select all cache types and "Refresh" action in the drop down box located on the top left margin. Click both buttons "Flush Magento Cache" and "Flush Cache Storage" 华为保密信息, 未经授权禁止扩散第 23 页, 共 26 页

24 How to disable the cache? TIP: This is recommended only if templates or source files are being changed. Go to "System -> Tools -> Cache Management", mark all cache types and select "Disable" in the action box. Click the "Submit" button. Troubleshooting When using the Magento command line tool, you may experience some problems related to permissions. If you get a 500 error in your browser, readjust permissions running the following commands: 华为保密信息, 未经授权禁止扩散第 24 页, 共 26 页

25 sudo find /opt/bitnami/apps/magento/htdocs/var -type d -exec chmod 775 {} \; sudo find /opt/bitnami/apps/magento/htdocs/var -type f -exec chmod 664 {} \; sudo chown -R bitnami:daemon /opt/bitnami/apps/magento/htdocs/var This will make the var/ directory writable again by the Web server user. How to upgrade Magento? It is strongly recommended to create a backup before starting the update process. If you have important data, create and try to restore a backup to ensure that everything works properly. You can upgrade the application only without modifying any other stack components, as described below: Visit the Magento Marketplace and obtain your public/private access key pair using the "My Account -> Connect -> Developers -> Secure Keys" section. If you don't have a Magento Marketplace account, create one here. Log in to Magento's administration panel and navigate to the "System -> Web Setup Wizard -> System Configuration" section. Enter the public and private keys and click "Save Config" to save the changes 华为保密信息, 未经授权禁止扩散第 25 页, 共 26 页

26 Navigate to the "System -> Web Setup Wizard -> System Upgrade" section. The upgrade process should begin. Follow the prompts to complete the upgrade. For more information, refer to the Magento documentation. How to optimize Magento? Enable all the application cache options in the Magento administration panel, under the "System -> Cache Management" menu 华为保密信息, 未经授权禁止扩散第 26 页, 共 26 页