Elba Project. Procedures and general norms used in the edition of the electronic book and in its storage in the digital library

Transcription

1 Procedures and general norms used in the edition of the electronic book and in its storage in the digital library Dabne - Tecnologías de la información

2 Index 1 Some procedures and norms for the creation of digital objects (digitalization) 2 Some characteristics and norms of digital publications and the digital repositories (edition and storage) 3 Some ideas on the structure and local functions of web sites (diffusion)

3 1. - Some procedures and norms for the creation of digital objects. The goal of digitalization is to turn the information (texts, images, music and voice, video, etc) contained diverse supports, to an electronic support in which information is codified in numerical form

4 1.- Some procedures and norms for the creation of digital objects The ASCII code ASCII is a character code based on the Latin alphabet (initially single capital letters), created by ASA (American Standars Asociation) in 1963, as an evolution of the sets of codes used then in telegraphy. Later, in 1967, the small letters are included and some control codes are redefined to form the code.

5 1.- Some procedures and norms for the creation of digital objects ASCII example Binary Decimal Hex Graphic A B C D

6 1.- Some procedures and norms for the creation of digital objects Digital object Digital object is an item considered like an all coherent one, which is the equivalent of a physical object( book, pamphlet, audio, image) from which comes. For example, an article, a book, etc. Secondary digital object: This object is a view or component of the primary object, upon certain cases, it agrees to consider each coherent subdivision of a digital object, for example in a concert each piece of an author.

7 1.- Some procedures and norms for the creation of digital objects General Process of creation of digital objects 1. Selecting the material to digitize 2. Digitalisation 3. Adequacies (OCR ) 4. Correction 5. Storage in the repository

8 1.- Some procedures and norms for the creation of digital objects Text Digitalization a) Scan: It consists of obtaining an image (facsimil) of the text in digital format, is to say like a binary sequence. The hardware consists of a scanner, Also exists diverse software necessary for the digitalization, is of very simple operation, and learns with use to recognize special types and the style of the texts that are being digitized.

9 1.- Some procedures and norms for the creation of digital objects Image of the graphical aspect of a digitalization software

10 1.- Some procedures and norms for the creation of digital objects Formats of image when making a scan TIFF Tagged Image File Format (formato de archivo de imágenes con etiquetas) files information on the characteristics of the image, that is used for its later treatment. JPEG, (Joint Photographic Experts Group) is a designed algorithm to compress images. JPEG is also the file format that uses east algorithm to compress images. PNG, (Portable Network Graphics) is a lossless bitmap image format. PNG was created to both improve upon and replace the GIF format with an image file format that does not require a patent license to use.

11 1.- Some procedures and norms for the creation of digital objects Optical Character Recognition (OCR): Making use of a software the images of written text will be translated to a text that can be processed by the computer. In order to do it in a suitable way, in the OCR programs we will have to specify in the images what start off is text, what starts off is image and thus to reject any spot

12 1.- Some procedures and norms for the creation of digital objects Correction of the OCR Software does not recognize the characters in an optimal form; therefore it is necessary to review texts and to correct or to verify that they are identical to the original one.

13 Before continuing... Any questions?

14 2. Edition and storage Another tasks that are to be made with digital objects are the relative ones to their edition, so that we achieve the right form of visualization of our digital texts and to the ordered storage of the different materials associated with the digital objects. These materials have diverse functions, and in each case the suitable formats will be used, facts that we'll have to consider in the organization and forms to store the digital objects.

15 2. Edition and storage In the electronic edition we want to conserve the texts and to show them with all the typesetter wealth of the original ones, in some cases we must use other formats for their display, in general called of marks, labels or markers, with which we assigned some qualifying ones to describe the different peculiarities, typesetter or others, of texts

16 2. Edition and storage txt is the extension of a flat text document or plain text, talks about to textual data in ASCII format. This format is most portable since it is compatible with practically any computer and any application. rtf is the acronym of Rich Text Format, language of description developed by Microsoft who uses marks to enrich the typesetter aspect of documents. Its use is a poor format standardized with diverse incompatibilities is not recommendable to keep documentation.

17 2. Edition and storage html (Hypertext Markup Language) is a kinf of text document that is used by browsers to visualize texts and images. HTML documents usually are called Web pages pdf (Portable Document Format), devised by Adobe, is the public tool used in companies with world wide standards for a safe and trustworthy distribution and interchange of electronic documents. In case of using ABBYY software (OCR application) is interesting the use of an option that is pdf with text under the image.

18 2. Edition and storage Repository A Repository of digital objects, and particularly the used ones in the Digital Libraries, is the electronic place where lodge the digital objects that correspond to the diverse bibliographical materials that are gotten up to this library for later private or public consultation.

19 2. Edition and storage Repository Organization of repository Set the categories Creating directories corresponding to each category Nomenclature of the digital objects article xxxxx.pdf book xxxxx pdf image xxxx.jpg audio xxx.wav video xxxx.mpeg

20 2. Edition and storage Store Store, is an electronic place where digital objects will be stored, part of the materials can undergo some modification or if they do not fulfill all the requirements are "congealed" before being incorporated in the repository. It will reproduce the same structure that repository

21 Standards for the description of the digital resources Ways of retrieveing digitaze information: by word of mouth Diffusion made through traditional means, (publication in printed bulletins, press conferences, etc.) Public access Current ways of retrieve: Google, yahoo, etc. Future ways of retrieve: semantic Web, metadata

22 Standards for the description of the digital resources Metadata Descriptive Information on the peculiarities or attributes of each digitized object The metadata will provide information on the location of the digital object, the formats in which it is, matter to which belongs, author, language Their function is to facilitate the end user, the discovery and browsing by the information

23 Standards for the description of the digital resources Some of the reasons would be: Why to use metadata? To make exchange of information on existing resources To avoid repetition of digital objects Location of the resources on the part of agents, robots, etc (artificial intelligence) Allow the optimization of the searches

24 Standards for the description of the digital resources What metadata to use? Dublin Core ( Why? Simplicity, thought so that it can be used by librarians or any author who wishes to describe his documents and to increase his visibility International consensus in the number and definition of the elements Flexibility, nothing in the DC is obligatory, all the elements are optional and repeatable, therefore the user chooses the depth of a description.

25 That's the end of the second session Any questions?

26 Access to the digital resources Once a set of digital objects is created, we need a series of tools and ideas of how to acces to this materials and define the Web sites where the digitized materials will become visible

27 Access to the digital resources Forms to give access At local level: Intranet Existence of dedicated servers to the internal use of the digital resources Use of the navigator like interface of access to the material Creation of a Web site to accede to the resources At global level: Internet: Existence of a public access server to the digital resources. Use of the navigator like interface of access to the material Creation of a Web site to accede to the resources

28 Access to the digital resources What type of Web site to create? Based on static Web pages Based on dynamic Web pages Based on existing tools

29 Access to the digital resources Static Web pages Creation of the access to the resources of manual form Necessary to consider the distinction between content (XHTML) and the representation of content (CSS) XHTML,(eXtensible Hyper Text Markup Language), is a markup language that has the same expressive possibilities as HTML, but a stricter syntax CSS, style sheets in cascade (Cascading Style Sheets) is a stylesheet language used to describe the presentation of a document written in a markup language.

30 Access to the digital resources Dynamic Web pages Necessary Elements: Data base, programming language (script) and css Characteristic: Page content is stored in a data base Programming language makes querys to the database HTML is generated in the flyso it can be shown in the navigator.

31 Access to the digital resources Dynamic Web pages The dynamic Web pages can be of own creation but it seems more interesting to us to make use of existing tools Let's see a free software content manager system: SPIP (système de publication pour l'internet)

32 Access to the digital resources SPIP (système de publication pour l'internet) At graphical level is very easy to use software At very simple input level, for the inclusion of contents, it is NOT necessary to have a previous knowledge of html, css, programming and nevertheless it has much functionality. An administration interface exists where they appear text fields to fill up, with the title of the work, the description and the text,...

33 Access to the digital resources Accessibility (WAI) w3c definition: Web accessibility means that people with disabilities can use the Web. More specifically, Web accessibility means that people with disabilities can perceive, understand, navigate, and interact with the Web, and that they can contribute to the Web. Web accessibility also benefits others, including older people with changing abilities due to aging.

34 Access to the digital resources Licenses One of the great stumbling blocks that we have at the time of making one free diffusion of the culture and the information in general, is the subject of the author rights and copyright.

35 Access to the digital resources Licenses The materials of free diffusion have to have one of these licenses: Public domain: materials will be in public domain, that is to say, that have pass 70 years after the death of the author Creative Commons: some reserved rights

36 Thanx to everybody : ) Any doubts? Any questions? dabne@dabne.net