Enterprise Studio. User Guide Applies to: Enterprise Studio 3.1 and Team Server 3.1

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1 Enterprise Studio User Guide Applies to: Enterprise Studio 3.1 and Team Server 3.1

2 Table of contents 1 About Enterprise Studio Enterprise Studio features Tool language Right-to-left language support Help and tips Help function Online documentation Tips and tricks Tool support Checking for software updates 11 2 The Enterprise Studio interface Tour of the workspace Main components Additional panes Customizing the workspace Arranging diagrams and views Displaying and hiding tool panes Moving, docking, and floating panes The Backstage view The Quick Access toolbar Metamodel-specific ribbon tabs Primary window panes Model browser Create pane Properties pane Documentation pane Navigator Viewpoints pane Worksets pane Messages pane Hide pane 40 3 Getting started with Enterprise Studio 42 2

3 3.1 Starting and closing Enterprise Studio Starting the tool Closing the tool Creating a model package Opening a model package Opening a recently used model package Default work location Backup Saving a model package Printing a model Reporting a model 49 4 Tools in Enterprise Studio Quick-create pop-up window Copying in Enterprise Studio Copying in the model browser Copying between open diagrams or views Paste options Copying objects and relations in different resolutions to other applications Undoing and redoing actions Searching in Enterprise Studio Advanced search Searching for objects in models Tracing model elements Finding unused objects in a model The object selector 63 5 Modeling with Enterprise Studio Working with diagrams and views Difference between diagrams and views Diagram and view types Creating diagrams and views Opening diagrams and views Closing diagrams and views Removing diagrams and views Selecting elements in a diagram or view 71 3

4 5.1.8 Moving elements in a diagram or view Fading and hiding elements in a diagram or view Navigation and display of diagrams and views Automatically positioning elements in a view Showing possible relations in a diagram or view Automatically generating views Views in views Allowed concepts per view Setting default diagrams and views Creating objects and relations Using the Create pane Using the quick-create pop-up window Using the model browser Using the quick-create object controls Using the smart connector Using the context menu Best practice for drawing relations Allowed objects and relations Naming objects Creating multiple elements at the same time Using graphic shapes Adding hyperlinks to a diagram or view The link editor Using background images in diagrams and views Setting a default location for objects and relations Handling and editing objects Resizing objects Replicating objects Aligning and scaling objects Setting object properties Object fill color and line color Object line style and line width Copying the object format Resetting the graphical attributes of an object Adding an image to an object Formatting an object name label 132 4

5 Positioning an object name label Collapsing and expanding objects Automatic numbering of objects Handling and editing relations Changing the relation type Specifying the preferred relation type Reverting the relation direction Removing a relation Adding text to a relation Changing the relation line color, width and style Adding an image to a relation Adding break points to a relation line Specifying the line curvature Using junctions Creating relations via the cross-reference table Navigating to the end points of a relation Adding cross-model relations Documentation and references Documentation References Comparing models or model packages Comparing models Comparing model packages Display of changes in the comparison Changing the direction of the comparison Showing the comparison results in a workset Showing possible relations in a diagram or view Profiles and properties Defining and using your own profiles Missing profile definitions Using worksets Tables in Enterprise Studio Available types of tables Defining the selection of a table Table sorting 166 5

6 6.4 Displayed table information Printing and copying table data Reporting table data Actor table CRUD matrix Editing the CRUD matrix Link table Editing the Link table Property table Editing the table Searching the table Saving the table as viewpoint Exporting table data Translation table Adding a new language Changing the default language Removing a language Active language Cross-Model Relation Cross-Reference table Swapping rows and columns Saving a table as viewpoint Editing the cross-reference table Displaying additional information Profile Cross-Reference table Defining cross-references for principles Editing the table Relation Cross-Reference table Swapping rows and columns Saving a table as viewpoint Editing the cross-reference table Displaying additional information 190 Index 193 PDF guides 203 6

7 1 About Enterprise Studio 1.1 Enterprise Studio features The Enterprise Studio documentation includes all basic features available in the software and a number of key features. Whether key features are available to you, depends on the license purchased by your organization, existing of a design component and manage component. You can view your Enterprise Studio software license via the Backstage view: File > About > License management. Design The design component covers different tool packages. Below is an overview of the key features and their availability in the different tool packages. Package 1 Feature Pro EA Pro BPM Advanced Enterprise ERD x x x x Team Platform - Tracking progress x x x x UML x x x x Viewpoints x x x x ArchiMate (excl. export) x x x BMC x x x Time Modeling and Analysis x x x Amber x x x BPMN x x x 1 Enterprise Studio tool packages "Pro EA" and "Pro BPM" only apply to software purchases before release (September 2017). Later purchases only have the "Advanced" or "Enterprise" package. 7

8 Package 1 Feature Pro EA Pro BPM Advanced Enterprise DMN x x x Lean x x x TDM no longer available as of Enterprise Studio ArchiMate export x x BiZZdesign Connect x x Customer Journey Mapping x x Enterprise Analytics x x EPM x x ERSM x x Metamodeler x x Team Platform - Working together Team Platform - Working together on projects x x x Additionally, the following features can be included: Package Feature Pro EA Pro BPM Advanced Enterprise Insite Lite x x x x Technopedia x x Manage The manage component determines the permissions to functionality to view and analyze the content created with Enterprise Studio. 1 Enterprise Studio tool packages "Pro EA" and "Pro BPM" only apply to software purchases before release (September 2017). Later purchases only have the "Advanced" or "Enterprise" package. 8

9 Feature Manage Read View models (no edits) x Add and update data Dashboards Assessments x x x Viewing of models and information x 1.2 Tool language Enterprise Studio distinguishes between the language for showing the ribbon, menus, windows and messages (the application language), and the language for showing the model contents (the model language). The tool uses the language of the Windows version installed on the computer as application language, provided that it is supported by Enterprise Studio. If you want to use another language for the user interface and/or for the models, you can change the language at the general options Right-to-left language support Enterprise Studio supports modeling and reporting in right-to-left languages. For Arabic script to work correctly in the tool it is necessary to select a language with Arabic script as the system default language for non-unicode applications. The system default language should not be confused with the windows interface language. When you have changed the system default language, you need to reboot your computer. Modeling Use the to add a language supporting Arabic script, and set this language as the active language for you model. The default text direction of these languages is right-to-left. When modeling, the labels of the objects in your diagram or view are right-to-left oriented. 9

10 Note: Currently the user interface of the tool is still left-to-right, which means that object names containing both Arabic and Roman script may be displayed in the wrong order because the default text direction is leftto-right. Reporting When reporting your models, the RTF reports and InSite Lite reports are generated in right-to-left orientations when the active model language is a right-to-left language. Note: Right-to-left is NOT supported for HTML reports. 1.3 Help and tips Help function The Enterprise Studio online help can be accessed by pressing F1 or by clicking File > Help > Help. You need a user account for the BiZZdesign community to access the information. You can easily request it on site Online documentation All user documentation (including the Enterprise Studio online help) is available online and can be downloaded as PDF from the BiZZdesign community. The community can be accessed by clicking File > Help > Community. An overview of all available documentation can be accessed in the community by clicking Service center > Documentation on the community's main page. 10

11 1.3.3 Tips and tricks After starting Enterprise Studio a window pops up containing tips and tricks about the tool features. If the Tip of the Day window has been deactivated, you can easily activate it again via the ribbon by clicking Window > Tip of the Day. The tips are located in a separate file. If you want to provide it with your own tips, you can change the file. The file tips.txt is located in the folders..\data\nls\nl and..\data\nls\en (a Dutch version and an English version) of the tool installation. Note: If you decide to change the tips files, make sure to make a copy of the adjustments. That way you can easily add your changes to the tips files after a new version of the tool has been installed. 1.4 Tool support For support on using Enterprise Studio you can contact the BiZZdesign service desk by at servicedesk@bizzdesign.com, or by phone via Your organization must have a support contract in order for you to be able to use this service. 1.5 Checking for software updates If you want to know if a newer version of Enterprise Studio is available for downloading, you can check it in the BiZZdesign Community. If you do not have an account for the BiZZdesign Community, you need to register first. Updating Enterprise Studio includes installing a new version of the software. To check for new software updates, follow these steps: 11

12 1. In Enterprise Studio, on the File tab, click Help > Check for Updates. 2. The update page opens in your web browser. Click Visit the BiZZdesign Community, and log in to the community to see the latest available software version. Which software version do I have? If you are not sure which version of Enterprise Studio you are currently working with to determine if you have the latest version, find out via File > About. In the About Enterprise Studio window you can see the software version: 12

13 2 The Enterprise Studio interface 2.1 Tour of the workspace The Enterprise Studio workspace is flexible. It is made up of several flexible panes. You can move the panes and windows, resize them, and (de)activate them. This gives you the opportunity to work with the tool in a way that suits you best Main components The user interface is composed of the following standard main components. Top: At the top is the ribbon that is used to access various functions. In the top left corner is the Quick Access Toolbar. Left: On the left you can see the model browser (Model packages pane) and the Viewpoints pane. The Navigator and Properties panes are visible as tabs to the left of the main window. These windows appear when you hold your mouse pointer above the tab. Center and right: In the middle you can see the Create pane. This window is used for modeling. The window displays all concepts that can be used in the diagram or view that is open on the right. This bring us to the drawing area (sometimes also called "canvas"). It is taken up by diagrams and views in which you draw your models. Below the open diagram or view is the Documentation pane. Bottom: At the bottom of the workspace you will find the status bar. The status bar displays messages about the progress of operations and any errors that occurred. Also, the coordinates of objects are displayed. In addition, there are a few more buttons at the right in the status bar that you can use to customize the appearance of a diagram or view. 13

14 Ribbon The ribbon provides access to most functions in the application. The commands are organized into logical groups that are brought together on tabs. Each tab relates to certain types of activities. The ribbon contains a number of regular tabs: File, Home, View, and Window. The File tab gives access to the Backstage view. Additionally, the ribbon may contain tabs with functions that are specific to a modeling language or method. These tabs have the name of the associated metamodel. A metamodel tab is only available if the active model package has a model of this metamodel. Model Browser pane When you open a model or create a new one, the model appears in the Model Browser pane, also just called the model browser. The model browser displays the contents of a model package, that is to say the models, objects, diagrams and views which are located in a model package. By clicking on elements in the browser you can see for example, which objects are in the model and any additional properties and documentation with these objects. The model browser also displays the views and diagrams of each model. 14

15 Create pane The Create pane contains the concepts that can be used for modeling in the active diagram or view, and a number of generic graphic shapes that can be used in any type of diagram and view. Drawing area The drawing area (or canvas) is actually an open diagram or view. When you click on a diagram or view in the model browser, it opens. Here you can create your model by drawing objects and relations. Properties pane The Properties pane shows the properties of an object that is selected anywhere in the user interface (in a diagram, view, model browser, etc.). Each type of object used in a model has a set of properties that apply to different things, such as analysis and graphical appearance. This collection of properties can differ by type of object. Documentation pane All elements in the model, but also the individual diagrams and views, and the model itself can be provided with documentation. This is entered in the Documentation pane. Navigator pane The Navigator can quickly give you insight in the relationships in your model by navigating between related objects. Viewpoints pane The Viewpoints pane shows the complete set of viewpoints of a model package. Viewpoints are saved and unsaved view filters that have been generated over a diagram or view. View filters are a way to present a model in a different way, for example by using colors to emphasize matters. 15

16 2.1.2 Additional panes Worksets pane The Worksets pane shows temporary sets of data that is generated in response to a performed operation in the tool. Messages pane The Messages pane shows the user different types of information from the tool like search results, reporting results, and error messages in executed scripts. Hide pane The Hide pane contains the concepts that can be present in a diagram or view, and can be used for hiding and fading elements in the active diagram or view. 2.2 Customizing the workspace Enterprise Studio offers a number of useful functions to customize your workspace in the tool Arranging diagrams and views You can arrange the open diagrams and views in several ways, like cascading or side by side. You can find these functions in the Diagram group on the Window ribbon tab. Figure 2.1 Ribbon commands for rearranging diagrams 16

17 Command Arrange Minimized Function If multiple diagrams or views are open, minimized and then scattered around the drawing area, this command will arrange all scattered diagrams to the bottom of the drawing area. Cascade Arranges the diagrams and views in an overlapping cascade from top to bottom. Stacked Arranges the diagrams and views horizontally from bottom to top. Side by Side Arranges the diagrams and views vertically from right to left. Next Diagram Previous Diagram More Diagrams This command is for navigating the open diagrams and views. This command is for navigating the diagrams and views. Opens the Arrange Diagrams dialog for advanced arranging the open diagrams and views. 17

18 Command Function Displaying and hiding tool panes Panes are windows that you can move, dock and make floating when visible in the application. You can make the panes visible and hide them via the check boxes in the Tool pane group of the Window ribbon tab. By selecting them you can make the tool panes visible, by clearing them you can hide them. Figure 2.2 Tool panes in the ribbon You can also use Ctrl+Tab to open and navigate the tool panes. When pressing this key combination, the Active Tool Windows and Active Files window appears, showing on the left the tool panes in Enterprise Studio. To navigate the tool panes, hold down the Ctrl key, pres the Left arrow key, and then press Tab to navigate the tool panes. 18

19 Figure 2.3 Navigating tool panes in Active Tool Windows and Active Files window Moving, docking, and floating panes You can rearrange the panes by moving and docking them or by making them floating. Moving panes You can move a pane by clicking in the title bar of the window. Hold down your mouse and drag the pane where you want it. Floating panes You can make a pane floating by dragging it apart from the main application window. You will see the following: 19

20 Figure 2.4 Floating window pane By dropping the window without moving your cursor over one of the small squares that appear in the interface (they represent the docking areas), the window will be placed at this specific location, floating. The Dock Floating Windows command in the Tool Pane group on the Window ribbon tab will (re)dock all floating windows. Docking panes Docking a pane means to attach it to a particular part of the application window. To do this, drag the floating pane to the edge where you want to dock it, and drop it onto one of the small squares that appear in the interface. The portion of the square that has color indicates where the pane will be docked. You will also see a colored docking area. 20

21 Figure 2.5 Docking pane 2.3 The Backstage view After you click the File tab in the Enterprise Studio user interface, you can see the Backstage view. The Backstage view is where you manage your model packages, view relevant model package data and perform actions such as opening, saving and creating model packages. You can also access the Enterprise Studio options and help. When you click the File tab, you see a number of basic commands such as New, Open, Save and Print, but also Options and Help. 21

22 Figure 2.6 Backstage view 2.4 The Quick Access toolbar In the upper left corner of the Enterprise Studio application window you can find the Quick Access toolbar. It is a customizable toolbar that contains a set of commands that are independent of the ribbon tab that is currently displayed. Hover a command in the toolbar to view its function. 22

23 Adding a command to the Quick Access Toolbar 1. On the ribbon, click the appropriate tab or group to display the command you want to add to the Quick Access Toolbar. 2. Right-click the command, and then click Add to Quick Access Toolbar. If the command that you want to add is not on the ribbon, follow these steps: 1. Click the arrow control on the right of the Quick Access toolbar, and then click More Commands. 2. In the Choose commands from list, click a ribbon tab. 3. Find the command in the list, and then click Add. Removing a command from the Quick Access Toolbar Right-click the command you want to remove from the Quick Access Toolbar, and then click Remove from Quick Access Toolbar. 2.5 Metamodel-specific ribbon tabs The Enterprise Studio ribbon contains the following standard tabs: File, Home, View, and Window. These tabs provide access to the general functions of the tool. 23

24 Additionally, there are tabs with functions that are specific to a modeling language or method, like ArchiMate or BPMN. These tabs have the name of the associated metamodel. The tabs appear only if the open model package contains a model of this metamodel. For example, if you have a model package containing a ArchiMate model, the tabs ArchiMate, EPM, Implementation and migration, and Motivation are available in the ribbon. Figure 2.7 Metamodel tabs for an ArchiMate model The functions on the metamodel tab are divided in different groups and vary from analysis functions to reporting and exporting. Which functions are available, depends on the metamodel. 2.6 Primary window panes Model browser When you open a model package or create a new model package, the model package is presented in the model browser. In the model browser you can work on several model packages at the same time. The model browser is one of the fixed panes in the tool. If it is not visible, you can make it visible by selecting the Model packages check box in the Tool Pane group on the Window ribbon tab. The model browser has the same working characteristics as other common tree editors, for example in Windows Explorer. 24

25 Figure 2.8 Model browser Model packages and models The model browser shows a list of all open model packages. The red star sign * in front of the name of a model package indicates that a model package was changed, but that the modifications have not been saved yet. The model browser displays the contents of a model package, that is, models, objects, diagrams and views that are in a model package. By clicking on elements in the browser you can see for example, which objects are in the model and any additional properties and documentation with these objects. The model browser also displays the views and diagrams of each model. 25

26 A model package can contain several models, so you can place several related process models next to each other in one package. If you work with different modeling languages and methods in the tool, you can also add models of other modeling languages and methods to the model package. A model package serves as a logical and physical boundary of models that belong together. Container elements Each component in the model browser is an element. Some of these elements have elements of their own. For example folders and models. This kind of elements is called a container. Another example of container elements in the model browser are the elements that accommodate similar objects. Examples of such elements are: Data Types (Amber model), Business Layer and Motivation elements (ArchiMate model), Items (Amber and BPMN model), and Crows Foot model (ER model). But a BPMN process diagram for example is also a container element because the objects and relations drawn on it are located below the diagram in the model browser. Model package and metamodel information When you move the mouse pointer over a model package or model in the model browser, a tooltip will appear with information about that model package or model. For a model package, it is the location where the model package is stored, for a model it is the metamodel it belongs to. Naming models, diagrams and views Models, diagrams and views get a default generated name after creation. However, it is sensible to give them more meaningful names. You can change the name of a model or diagram by selecting the model or diagram in the model browser and: clicking it once more, pressing the F2 key, or changing the name of the model, diagram or view in its Properties window. 26

27 Creating folders You can create folders to structure a model. In a folder new folders can be created. To create a folder, right-click a model or a folder in the model and click New > Folder or New multiple > Folder if you want to add multiple folders at once. Next, you can drag model components into the created folder, for example diagrams or views Create pane The Create pane is one of the flexible panes in the Enterprise Studio interface, and contains the concepts that can be used for modeling in the active diagram or view, and a number of generic graphic shapes that can be used in any type of diagram and view. 27

28 Figure 2.9 Create pane for the ArchiMate Total View Elements can easily be added to a diagram or view by clicking a concept in the pane, and then clicking in the active diagram or view. By default, the window is positioned left of the drawing area. If the window is not visible, you can make it visible by selecting the Create check box in the Tool Pane group on the Window ribbon tab. 28

29 2.6.3 Properties pane Enterprise Studio handles a great variety of objects and relations, but also folders and models. Each type of element has a considerable amount of properties, which are applicable for various things, like analyses of graphical appearance. Moreover, this set of properties can vary. For the set of an element's properties the Properties pane (window) is used. Figure 2.10 Properties pane By default, the Properties pane is shown at the bottom left of the tool interface. If it is not visible, you can make it visible by selecting the Properties check box in the Tool Pane group on the Window ribbon tab, or by pressing Alt+Enter. The Properties pane shows the properties of an object or group of objects which are currently selected somewhere in the user interface. You can also make the pane appear by double-clicking an object in a diagram. 29

30 TIP: It is not necessary to close the Properties pane every time you have changed something. When selecting another object, you can change its properties in the same window. The Properties pane divides the properties over a number of tabs. Below is an example of how the Properties pane for a business actor can look like: Properties The basic properties of the selected object or objects are on the Properties tab. Here you can both view the properties as assign values to them. The values of the properties can be entered in different ways, depending on the type of property. For some properties, you can type a value, for other properties you select a value from a list. For yet other properties, you select them or add a check mark in order to (de)activate a property. Entering values can usually be done in two ways. If you click once in the text box or on the text (Double-)click to add next to the property, you can directly type a value, or select a value from a list that appears. If you double-click, a pop-up window will appear in which you can type or select the data. In some situations after double-clicking, a separate window with a tree editor will appear in which you need to look up the desired value. In order to do this, you can browse the tree editor, but you can also search for a value using the search box at the top of the tree editor. Using the search box is particularly useful for large models. 30

31 Just click in the search box and type the word you are looking for. The results will automatically be highlighted in the window. The procedure is identical to searching in the model browser. By clicking the cross sign next to the search box you can remove the search term and the complete tree structure will be shown again. The OK button only gets active if a value of the correct type is selected. TIP: You can also add properties using the table input, see Tables in Enterprise Studio. A small block with a plus sign in it can be expanded. The same holds for lists. In such cases all elements in the list are displayed. By clicking the Remove 31

32 button at the bottom of the Properties pane you can remove an element from a list. TIP: Double-clicking a text box causes the text editor to open. This helps you to add texts of more than one line. By clicking twice with intervals you can type the text directly in the box. Line breaks are added with Ctrl+Enter. Profiles A profile defines a set of object properties. Once an object is assigned a profile, values can be assigned to properties, as defined by the profile, of that object. What profiles are assigned to what objects is shown on the Profiles tab of the Properties pane. On the Properties tab the properties are grouped per profile. By clicking the plus sign in front of a profile name, you can the properties included in the profile. The basic properties are listed below Basic profile. Detailed information on profiles is available in the Enterprise Studio configuration guide. An advanced example of entering property values is described at Documentation and references. The section also contains examples in which the occurring list of tabs of the Properties window varies. Attributes Note: This functionality only applies to Amber models. Attributes play an important role in modeling and analyzing data-intensive business processes. Attributes are properties of items and (inter)actions that display (dynamically determined) facts about items and actions. To provide structure for items and attributes in order to be able to use them for calculations, the item and attribute language is available for creating scripts, conditions and definitions. These can be defined on the Attributes tab of the Properties pane. 32

33 2.6.4 Documentation pane The Documentation pane can be used to document elements in a model package. This is not limited to elements in a model within the model package, but also applies to diagrams and views and models. Figure 2.11 Documentation pane for an object If the Documentation pane is not visible, you can make it visible by selecting the Documentation check box in the Tool Pane group on the Window ribbon tab. The window can be moved freely within Enterprise Studio by dragging it with the mouse Navigator By using the Navigator you may gain insight within the models structure by navigating over the objects' relations (or a set of objects) to the related objects. These related objects may be the starting point for further navigation. By using the Navigator you can explore the relations within your model by navigating over the relations within the model from one object to the other. 33

34 These relations are shown with the corresponding icon as used in the model browser. If the Navigator is not visible, you can make it visible by selecting the Navigator check box in the Tool Pane group on the Window ribbon tab. Using the Navigator To fill the Navigator with data, select an object in the open diagram or view and click on the Navigator control attached to the object. Figure 2.12 Navigator with ArchiMate objects In the figure above you can see that the ArchiMate business process Register is triggered by the business event Damage occurred and that it realizes the Customer data mutation Service and the Insurance Application Service. The business process Register accesses the business objects Customer File and Damage Claim. With the Show general relation roles check box you can indicate whether relations must be decomposed into subcategories or not. If not selected, for 34

35 example, triggering relations will not be shown in one category, but in several subcategories such as triggering a business process, triggering a business function, and so on. You can expand these navigation categories individually. If the check box is selected, relations of the same type (and the related objects as well) will be shown as one navigation category. Figure 2.13 Show general relation roles on (left) and off (right) By selecting the Show profiles and attributes check box you indicate that object profile properties also must be shown. 35

36 Figure 2.14 Show profiles and attributes on (left) and off (right) Viewpoints pane The Viewpoints pane shows the viewpoints of a model package. By default, the Viewpoints pane shows the complete set of viewpoints and queries of all models in the active model package. Models that do not have any queries, are not shown in the pane. If you only want to see the viewpoints of the selected model, right-click the pane and click Show all viewpoints to deactivate this option. 36

37 Figure 2.15 Viewpoints pane Viewpoints may be renamed, copied, removed or structured using folders. It can be done when the viewpoint overview is in manage mode. The Viewpoints pane is one of the fixed panes in Enterprise Studio. If it is not visible, you can make it visible by selecting the Viewpoints check box in the Tool Pane group on the Window ribbon tab Worksets pane The Worksets pane is a window that shows temporary sets of data that is generated in response to a performed operation in the tool. Each time a set of data is generated, the results are presented in a separated tab in the window. 37

38 Figure 2.16 Worksets pane The Worksets pane is one of the fixed panes in Enterprise Studio. The window is not visible by default, it will appear when a workset is generated, for example when the results of a search operation are presented in the Worksets pane. To make the window visible, select the Worksets check box in the Tool Pane group on the Window ribbon tab Messages pane In some situations, the user gets information from the tool that is shown in the Messages pane. This information includes: results of searching in models results of model checks in the form of warnings and error messages results of or reports on import and export operations error messages in executed scripts 38

39 The Messages pane is one of the fixed panes in the tool. The window is not visible by default, it will appear as a result of an operation, for example when the results of a search operation are presented in the Messages pane. To make the window visible, select the Messages check box in the Tool Pane group on the Window ribbon tab. If the pane has been fixated as a tab in the tool's main window (it appears as a tab on the left side of the window), the window does not automatically come forward if needed. You will then need to click on the tab yourself to see if there is relevant information. Figure 2.17 Messages pane Message sorting and shown messages The Messages pane has several columns. By clicking on a column you can sort the messages by the contents of that column. If there are more messages in the list than is visible in the window, the last message will be displayed by default as long as you have not selected a message in the list. Navigating the Messages pane By using the dark blue arrow buttons at the bottom of the Messages pane, you can scroll through the messages. By clicking one of the buttons you go through the messages one by one downwards or upwards. 39

40 In some cases, it may occur that a message is related to multiple objects. In that case, a message line contains more information than is visible. To view this other information, use the light blue arrow buttons of the window. at the bottom If the contents of the window is relevant, you can navigate from the Messages pane to the appropriate component in the diagram or view. This is for instance the case for search results. When you click on a message line, the tool shows you the corresponding object in the diagram or view. Clearing the Messages pane In some cases, the Messages pane is automatically emptied the moment a new operation is executed for which the window is used, for example, when performing searches. In other situations, the contents of the window remains and will be completed once the window is used again. Because of this the window may contain a lot of different, and possibly outdated information. To avoid this, you can clear the Messages pane manually using the Clear button. Printing the contents of the Messages pane To print the contents of the Messages pane, click Print. Next, select a printer, define the settings and print the data. Using the contents of the Messages pane in external applications The contents of the Messages pane can be used in other external applications like Microsoft Excel. To do this, click the Copy button at the bottom of the Messages pane and paste the copied data into another application Hide pane The Hide pane can be used for hiding and fading elements in a diagram or view. The pane contains all concepts that can be used for modeling in the active diagram or view. The elements that are actually used are colored in the pane, and they have a small red cross sign attached to them. 40

41 Figure 2.18 Hide pane for an ArchiMate Business process cooperation view The Hide pane is not visible by default. You can make it visible by selecting the Hide check box in the Tool Pane group on the Window ribbon tab. 41

42 3 Getting started with Enterprise Studio 3.1 Starting and closing Enterprise Studio Starting the tool The easiest way to start Enterprise Studio is by double-clicking the shortcut of the tool on your desktop: Another option is to start Enterprise Studio via the start menu. Startup model package The first time after installation you start Enterprise Studio, a new ArchiMate model package is created automatically. The next time you start Enterprise Studio, an empty model package is opened, but the modeling language or method (or metamodel) of this package depends on the language or method of the template that was last chosen to create a new model package. The modeling language or method of that template is used. Example: If you have created a new model package based on an ArchiMate template two sessions back, and worked on an existing ERD model package during the previous tool session, then a new ArchiMate model package will be opened in the current session, because ArchiMate was the metamodel of the most recently used template to create a model package. 42

43 If you open another existing model package or create a new one based on another metamodel without having worked on the initially created model package, the initial model package will automatically close and the new model package will be opened. Starting the tool empty You can also choose to always start Enterprise Studio empty. In that case, no model package will be opened. To set an empty tool startup, clear the Create a new model package during startup check box on the General tab of the Enterprise Studio options. File version control on first-time start after installation When you start Enterprise Studio for the first time after installation, the tool examines whether other (earlier) versions of the tool have already been installed on your machine. It may happen then that the following window will be shown: You can open a file from Enterprise Studio by opening it in the tool itself, but you can also open the file by double-clicking it. If you want the version of Enterprise Studio you just started to start automatically in the latter situation, click Yes. You just assign the Enterprise Studio file extensions to this version of the tool. 43

44 If you choose No, then Enterprise Studio will not open when you double-click a Enterprise Studio file, or the file will be opened with an older version of Enterprise Studio if there is a previous version installed and the above question previously has been answered with Yes. If you do not want to see the above message anymore every time you start the tool, clear the Check this every time I start Enterprise Studio check box. If you, at any time, would like to reactivate the check, select the Check extension assignment during startup check box on the Advanced tab of the Enterprise Studio options Closing the tool To close an instance of Enterprise Studio, do as follows: On the File tab, click Close. You can also close the tool by pressing Alt+F4, or by clicking the cross sign in the upper right corner of the application's main window. Note: If only one instance of Enterprise Studio is open, clicking Close will only close the model package. To close the tool, press Alt+F4, or click the cross sign in the upper right corner of the main window. 3.2 Creating a model package To create a model package, do as follows: On the File tab, click New, click the modeling language or method of your choice, and then click: A model template of your choice if you want to create a new model package. An example model of your choice if you want to create a model package containing example data. 44

45 Next, a new model package is opened in which you can start modeling. You can add views and diagrams, and create objects and relations. Last used template remembered Enterprise Studio remembers the modeling language or method (metamodel) of the template file you have last used to create a model package. When creating a new model package, the modeling language or method you have used last time is automatically selected on the New tab, so you can directly click a template or example model. If you want to create a model of a different modeling language or method, then just click the respective metamodel and then click a template or example model. Also, when you create a new model package using the control in the Quick Access toolbar in the upper left corner of the tool, a new package is created based on the last used template. 45

46 3.3 Opening a model package Each time you open a model package, a new instance of Enterprise Studio is opened. Opening multiple model packages results in multiple program windows, each containing a model package. To open a model package, do as follows: 1. On the File tab, click Open, and click Computer, or press Ctrl+O. 2. Click Browse and navigate to the location where the model package is located. 3. Select the model package and click Open Opening a recently used model package To open a recently use model package, follow these steps: 1. On the File tab, click Open, and click Recent. 2. In the list, click on the model package you want to open Default work location The location Enterprise Studio opens when you open a model package via File > Open > Computer is the location you last used in a random Window application to access files. If you want to set a specific location where the tool should always look first when you open a model package, for example because the model packages are usually stored there, click File > Options and set the location in Default working folder on the General tab Backup When you save a model packageenterprise Studio automatically generates a backup of the original file, with the extension.bk1. Hence, you can always recover an older model package version. Model packages made with the 46

47 previous Enterprise Studio release are automatically converted to latest tool format, when they are used in Enterprise Studio. 3.4 Saving a model package To save a model package, follow these steps: 1. On the File tab, click Save As, and click Computer. 2. Click Browse and navigate to the location where you want to save the model package. 3. Enter a name for the model package and select the desired file format: XMA to save it as a regular model package. This is the default format. XMAM to save the model package including its metamodel(s). 4. Click Save. Note: If you want to save a model package for tracking progress or sharing with others, please refer to the Team Platform Guide. A changed model package can easily be saved again via File > Save or Ctrl+S. Autosave files After you have saved a model package for the first time, Enterprise Studio automatically saves a version of the model package periodically. It is a socalled autosave file. The version is saved with its own model package name, but has the file extension.autosave. The autosave file will automatically be removed when the tool is closed. By default, the time interval for the autosave file is set to 5 minutes, and the file is stored in the temporary Windows folder, usually C:\Documents and Settings\<user name>\local Settings\Temp or C:\Temp. 47

48 If you want to change these settings, you can adjust them at the general options, accessible via File > Options. TIP: In case Enterprise Studio crashes, the latest modifications can be recovered from the autosave file. You can easily open an autosave file by changing its file extension into.xma. 3.5 Printing a model To print a model or a part of it, follow these steps: 1. In the model browser, select the model or its component you want to print. 2. On the File tab, click Print, and then click Print. 3. In the Print window, in Print what?, choose whether you wish to print the whole model (Model), or specific diagrams or views from the model (Diagrams), and select the diagrams/views you want to include. 4. Click OK. Print preview A print preview can be generated as follows: On the File tab, click Print, and then click Print Preview. Create poster A poster can be created as follows: On the File tab, click Print, and then click Create Poster. For more information about the printing options or creating a poster, please refer to the Reporting and Printing Guide. 48

49 3.6 Reporting a model To generate an HTML or RTF report of one or more models, follow these steps: 1. In the model browser, click on the model(s) you want to include in the report. 2. On the File tab, click Report, and then click Report. For extensive information about the HTML and RTF reporting options,please refer to the Enterprise Studio Reporting and Printing Guide. 49

50 4 Tools in Enterprise Studio 4.1 Quick-create pop-up window The quick-create pop-up window is available in the drawing area of an open diagram or view. It can be used for creating objects and relations. The popup window is always available. Its contents depends on the active diagram or view. Figure 4.1 Example of a quick-create pop-up window in an ArchiMate view How to operate the quick-create pop-up window? The quick-create pop-up window can be accessed by clicking in the drawing area and briefly holding down the mouse button. When releasing it again the pop-up window appears. 50

51 4.2 Copying in Enterprise Studio In Enterprise Studio all sorts of things can be copied for use in other parts of the tool. These not only include texts but also various aspects of models such as objects, relations, diagrams and views. Even entire models can be copied. In addition, objects and relations of open diagrams and views can be copied as images in different resolutions for use in other applications. Different paste options are available when copying models and model components. Which option you use depends on what you want to achieve with copying. Which option is available at the time of copying depends on what you copy, where you copy, where you copy to, and in what situation. You can copy model elements on two locations in the tool: in the model browser and between open diagrams and views (the drawing area). With that, a distinction can be made between copying within one model, between models within one model package, and between model packages. In addition, it can also make a difference whether you copy between diagrams or between views. Attention: You cannot copy between models that have different metamodels. It is only possible to copy between models that have the same metamodel Copying in the model browser Within one model When copying within one model, it is not possible to copy individual objects and relations originating from the diagrams from one diagram to another. It is however possible to copy individual objects from views, not individual relations. Precondition for being able to copy the individual objects is that the model has a container 1 where these objects can be copied to. If this container is not available, it must be added first. You can also copy complete 1 A container is an element in the model browser that itself contains elements. A container may have different shapes: for example a model, folder, diagram, or collection element for similar objects (think of Data Types, Business Layer, Motivation elements, Items, Decisions and rules). 51

52 views and diagrams. When copying the physical elements are added to the model. Between models within one model package Within a model package you can copy objects between models by copying (Ctrl+C) and pasting them (Ctrl+V), or by dragging them in the model browser from one model to the other. When copying between the models, the copied elements are placed as new elements at the target location in the model browser. There is no difference between diagram element and view elements. When copying between models, it is not possible to copy individual objects and relations of diagrams from one diagram to another. It is however possible to copy individual objects of views, not individual relations. You can also copy entire diagrams and views between the models within a model package. Between model packages When copying between model packages it is not possible to copy individual objects and relations of a diagram. It is possible to copy individual objects of views, relations can only be copied if the corresponding endpoints of the relation (the linked objects) are selected too for copying. Precondition for being able to copy individual objects of views is that the target model package has an appropriate container (scheme) where these objects can be copied to. Examples: To be able to copy a business actor (ArchiMate) the target model package must have an element Business layer in which the business actor can be placed. This element is a container for business objects. To be able to copy a data type (Amber) the target model package must have an element Data types in which the data type can be placed. This element is a container for data types. 52

53 When copying between model packages the copied elements are, as it were, imported in the target model package. The results of the copy operation are displayed in the Worksets pane that appears. In it you can see what happened to the copied elements. Matching The names of the objects to be copied do not have to be unique, but it is recommended to take the name into account, because when copying between model packages, matching on name is possible. When this happens, the tool checks for each object to be copied whether it already exists in the target model (of the same type) and has the same name. If so, no new object is created, instead both objects are matched as much as possible. Metamodel information When copying objects and models between model packages it is important that the metamodel information (types, profiles and attributes) of the object or model that is copied, is present in the model package where the data is copied to. When you copy from one model package to another, the tool checks whether the metamodel information belonging to the copied object or model is present in the model package you are copying to. If the metamodel information is missing, you will be notified by the tool and you get the possibility to cancel copying. You can then first fix the metamodel information in the target model package before copying again. Copy views When you copy a view from one model package to another, the view and the references in it are included in the copy and further only the objects where these references refer to. Other connections with the rest of the model are cut off in the copying operation: relations are not included unless they are also selected. The same applies to objects referenced from a profile property, like related work packages. If you want to copy these too, they should be included in the same copy operation. One way to do this is to not only select the view in the model browser, but also the desired folders with work packages, and then copy the whole. The references will remain intact. 53

54 Copying in two steps (first the work packages and then the view) will not retain the references: the copy function is not able to afterward divert these references to the work packages present in the target model package. Instead it will break them Copying between open diagrams or views Within one model When copying between open diagrams or views (that is in the drawing area) within a single model, there is difference in copying between diagrams and copying between views. Because a view only contains graphic representations of elements, only the graphical representations of the elements are copied when copying between views. The model browser will not receive any additional elements. When copying between diagrams the physical elements are copied. A copied element is also added to the target diagram in the model browser. Between models within one model package When copying between models within one model package the copied elements are not only placed at the target location, they are also placed as new elements in the target model package in the model browser. This only applies to elements from diagrams. Elements from views are only placed on the target view because in this case only the graphical representations of the elements are copied. The corresponding physical (semantic) elements are not copied in the model browser. This only occurs when copying in the model browser. Between model packages When copying between open diagrams or views from different model packages individual objects and relations can be copied. If you copy an individual relation without selecting the corresponding endpoints (the linked objects) selected, these endpoints are automatically copied too. There is one exception: in a collaboration (BPMN), only individual pools (with or without content) can be copied, intermediate relations (message flows) 54

55 can not. If you select these relations for copying anyway, you may not be able to copy anything at all. When copying between model packages the copied elements are not only placed on the target diagram or target view, they are placed also as new elements in the target model package in the model browser. The copied elements are, as it were, imported into the target model package. The results of the copy operation are displayed in the Worksets pane that appears. In it you can see what happened to the copied elements Paste options Roughly a distinction is made between "regular" and "special" pasting. The tool shows this difference in the paste function that can be approached in several ways: through the ribbon, in the context menu of the element that is pasted, or by means of a shortcut. Regular paste: click Home > Paste (> Paste) or press Ctrl+V. Special paste: click Home > Paste > Paste Special or press Ctrl+Shift+V. In case of special paste a separate window pops up in which you select the desired paste action. Example: 55

56 Alternatively, you can copy elements by dragging and dropping in the model browser. In that case you select the elements you want to copy and drag them to the desired location in the model browser. The various paste possibilities are listed below together with the effects. When speaking about copying elements, we do not only mean individual objects, but also other components such as diagrams, views and entire models. Regular copy and paste This is the standard way of copying. The selected elements are added as new elements to the location where they are copied to. Nothing special happens. Regular pasting does not use a separate window with paste options. However, it is possible to perform a regular paste from the special paste options window. In that case, click Paste as copies. 56

57 Copy and paste with matching on name This way of copying only applies when copying between model packages. When copying, the copied elements are compared with the existing model elements in the package in which they are stuck. The elements are compared to each other in type and name. If an element of the same type and the same name as the copied element is found in the target model package, there is a match. In that case the two elements are joined together. If there is no match, the copied element is added as a new element to the model package. For this type of pasting, click Paste as objects, matching on name with existing object. This option is only available when copying entire models, views, or objects and relations from views. It does not apply to copying diagrams, and objects and relations from diagrams. Some additional comments regarding this mode of copying: When copying, elements that contain elements themselves, such as views and folders, are not matched. Only the individual elements contained within them such as objects and relationships are. When matching two elements (objects or relations), any values that are fixed to profile attributes of the existing element, will be overwritten by the ones of the element that is copied. Settings for automatically match on name When you copy using the key combination or by dragging in the model browser, you can choose to perform the matching automatically. In that case you do not need to choose this option explicitly when pasting. Elements will then automatically be matched on name if it is applicable. To activate it, select the Try to match copied objects with existing objects check box at the advanced Enterprise Studio options Copying objects and relations in different resolutions to other applications The objects and relations that are shown in the diagrams and views, can be copied for use in other applications. Additionally, you can copy them in 57

58 different resolutions, so you have the possibility to use the images in high quality. To copy drawn objects and relations, select the desired elements in the open diagram or view and press the key combination that yields the desired resolution. Below are the possible key combinations for copying in different resolutions. The higher the resolution, the higher the quality of the image. Key combination Ctrl+C Ctrl+Shift+C Ctrl+Alt+C Ctrl+Shift+Alt+C Resolution 96 dpi (default resolution) 200 dpi 600 dpi 72 dpi A copied image can be pasted directly, but is also available as file "clipboard.png" in the temporary files folder (C: \ Documents and Settings \<...>\ Local Settings\Temp). 4.3 Undoing and redoing actions Actions done in the tool can be undone and redone by clicking the Undo and Redo buttons in the Quick Access toolbar in the upper left corner of the tool. The Redo button is not visible by default, it can be added by clicking the arrow control on the right of the toolbar and activating the respective command. To undo an action, click the Undo button. You can quickly undo several actions at once. On the Quick Access toolbar, click the arrow next to, and then in the list, select the actions you want to undo. To redo an action, click the Redo button. You can quickly redo several actions at once (if available). On the Quick Access toolbar, click the arrow next to, and then in the list, select the actions you want to redo. 58

59 Some actions cannot be undone, such as clicking commands on the File tab or saving a file. If the last action cannot be undone, Undo becomes unavailable. 4.4 Searching in Enterprise Studio You can search for elements in a model package, model, a diagram, view or a selection. First, in the model browser click on the component in which you want to search. Next click Home > Find (Ctrl+F) in the ribbon. In the appearing search window you can type a search text. You can choose between results to be presented in a view (with a specific color), in the Messages pane or in the Worksets pane. If you choose the Messages pane, you can click the search results in the Messages pane. The tool will select the corresponding element in the model en show it in the diagram or view. When choosing the workset, the Worksets pane will be opened and the search results will be shown within a newly created workset. You can use this search result as a starting point for other 59

60 actions, for example to start a new search on these objects to refine the search. Executed search commands are automatically saved and can easily be executed again by selecting them in the Search for box at the top of the search window Advanced search Advanced search is useful if you want to look for certain properties and attributes of elements, or even for specific values of properties and attributes. For this type of search you first select an element in the model browser and then click Home > Find > Advanced find in the ribbon, or press Ctrl+Shift+F. In the appearing search window you can specify what type of objects you are searching for and which profile, attribute or value they should have. If you search through a model package that contains models with different metamodels, each metamodel will be presented in its own tab. This offers you the possibility to search through the different metamodels. If you are searching for a textual attribute, Enterprise Studio does not distinguish between capitals and regular characters. For example, if you are looking for all objects that contain the word "claim" in the attribute "documentation", then the results also shows those objects where the word Claim or CLAIM occurs in the documentation field. Executed search commands are automatically saved and can easily be executed again by selecting them in the Quick search box at the top of the search window. Saving search settings as a viewpoint You can save the search settings as a search viewpoint. When you execute a search command, a search viewpoint is created in the Viewpoints pane. With a search viewpoint you can execute this specific search command again and again, without the need to start the search function and specifying the search 60

61 parameters (like the attribute you want to search and the value it should have) or selecting the previous search command. In order to save the search viewpoint, right-click the viewpoint and click Save in model Searching for objects in models The model browser has a search box that allows you to search for object names in the models present in the model browser. You just click the box and type the word you are looking for. The results are immediately shown highlighted in the model browser. However, if the models reach a certain size, the results are no longer displayed automatically. In that case, press the Enter key or click the search button next to the box to display the results. In the example below the search term is "customer" and all objects are shown in which the term "customer" occurs. 61

62 4.4.3 Tracing model elements Locate object For a single object or relation in a diagram or view it is possible to locate it in the model browser. This also works for reference objects. To do this, right-click the element in the open diagram or view and click Locate object. The model browser will be expanded, if necessary, and highlight the associated element. Where used If and where an element (diagram, view, object, relation etc.) is used elsewhere in the model, can be found out by using the Where used function in the context menu of the element. The function can be applied in the model browser, but also in the open diagram or view. In either case, right-click the element and click Where used. If references are found, a separate window will appear showing a list of all references from the model to the selected element. If desired, you can replace these references by references to another element by using the Assign button in the window Finding unused objects in a model It is possible to get a quick overview of all objects that are not used within the model. To do this, right-click on a model, layer or container element (collection of model elements) and click Unused Objects. The window that pops up shows the unused elements. 62

63 Figure 4.2 Finding unused elements in an ArchiMate model You can influence the result by specifying in the window where to search: in views, in object references, and/or relations (as start or endpoint of a relation). Removing unused objects To remove unused objects, select the objects in the list of unused objects and click Delete. By using the All and None buttons you can select or clear all elements in the list at once The object selector The object selector is used when searching for objects in the model package, for example when you create a reference in a documentation field or a link in 63

64 a view or diagram to an object in the model. The window appears when you click the Model Object button in the link editor window. To search for an object, do as follows: Type (part of) the name in the search box and press Enter, or click the magnifying glass button next to the search box. Figure 4.3 The object selector window The search results are displayed highlighted in the tree structure. The number of found objects is shown in the search box. Click in the tree structure on the object you need and click OK to select it. If you cannot find the object you are searching for, or want to start a new search, click the red cross next to the search box. The search box is emptied and any previous search results are removed. 64

65 Figure 4.4 Results of an object selector search operation 65

66 5 Modeling with Enterprise Studio Enterprise Studio offers you the possibility to create models in different modeling languages and methods. Each language and method is based on its own metamodel and has its own concepts. 5.1 Working with diagrams and views In Enterprise Studio you are using different diagrams and/or views. If you are working with both or just one of them, depends on the modeling languages and methods you are modeling in. In ArchiMate models for example, you only work with views, in BPMN models only with diagrams. In Amber models you can work with both. Diagrams and views are used for creating your models. Each diagram and each view is a particular point of view on the set of objects and relations established between them Difference between diagrams and views At first glance there is no difference between diagrams and views. Both are used for modeling. However, there is an essential difference between the two. Whether views or diagrams are used within a modeling language or method, depends on the language or method. If a language or method distinguishes between the semantics (terms and concepts) of the model and the visualization of the model, views are used. This makes it possible to make various visualizations of the same concept. With diagrams this is not possible. How this difference is reflected in Enterprise Studio is explained below. View The objects and relations in a view are graphical representations of the corresponding objects and relations of a model in the model browser. In the model browser are the factual (semantic) objects and relations. The graphical representations are references (links) to the objects and relation in 66

67 the model browser. These representations are also referred to as reference objects. Because the views contain references, you can use an object or relation from the model browser multiple times in one or more views without having to add new elements. This offers the possibility to show a particular concept multiple times and in various ways in your models. Change element The name, properties and documentation of reference objects and the referenced source objects are related. If you change the name, a property or documentation of a source element, the change is automatically processed in all reference objects of this element. Also, if you make a change to one of the reference objects, it will be implemented in the source object and the other reference objects. Remove element If you want to completely remove an element from the model, you need to remove the element from the model browser. If you only remove the element from a view, you remove only that single reference. The physical element in the model browser and any other references to this element in views persist. Diagram The objects and relations in a diagram have a one-to-one link with the objects and relations in the model browser. If you want to reuse a specific element from a diagram in the same or another diagram, you need to add the element again. Change element If you change the name, a property or documentation of an element in the model browser, this information changes automatically in the element in the diagram. Conversely, the same applies. 67

68 Remove element If you want to remove an element from a model you can do this by removing the element from the diagram or from the model browser. In both cases the element is completely removed from the model. Special cases Amber The object types items, data types, and UML classes used in Amber models behave in a regular way with regard to removing them. It works the same as the general rule for removing objects in views. However, with regard to specifying the properties and documentation of these objects and their reference objects, things work differently. please refer to "Reference objects of items, data types and UML classes" in the Amber Getting Started Guide. BPMN BPMN has objects that are used in diagrams, but behave like objects in views. When placed on the diagram, reference objects are placed and multiple references can be made from the same object. To remove these objects the same rules apply as for objects in views. Examples of these objects are data stores. DMN The decision requirements diagrams (DRD's) used in DMN modeling behave like views. The DMN modeling language distinguishes between the semantics (terms and concepts) of the model and the visualization of the model. This makes it possible to make various visualizations of the same concept. The glossary and decision table diagrams behave like diagrams. ERD Attributes used in entities in the ERD Crows Foot logical view behave like elements in a diagram instead of a view. When removed from an entity in the view, they are removed from the model, not only from the view (as is common when removing elements from a view). 68

69 As for adding attributes, they can only be drawn directly in the view, they cannot be added in the model browser. Existing attributes though can be dragged from the model browser onto a view. UML The diagrams used in UML modeling (not Amber UML) behave like views. The UML modeling language distinguishes between the semantics (terms and concepts) of the model and the visualization of the model. This makes it possible to make various visualizations of the same concept Diagram and view types A model offers different types of diagrams and/or views. Each diagram or view type defines the following: What object types (concepts) are available in the diagram or view. What relation types are available between these concepts. The form of the presentation the object types and relations. The command on the ArchiMate ribbon tab shows which concepts are allowed on which view types. This is only available for ArchiMate models. Which diagrams and/or views are available in a model, depends on the modeling language or method (metamodel) of the model. To see which diagrams and/or views are available in a model, right-click the model in the model browser and point to New. The following sub-menu shows the diagrams and/or views available in the model. Because the presentation may be different per view, an object might look different between views. Each view is an instance of a view type Creating diagrams and views A model usually consists of one or more diagrams and/or views. To add a new diagram or view, right-click the model in the model browser, point to New and click the diagram or view of your choice, or point to New multiple if you want to add multiple diagrams or views at once. 69

70 Diagrams and views can also be created in a folder within a model. In that case right-click the folder and add the diagram or view Opening diagrams and views Clicking on a diagram or view name in the model browser opens the corresponding diagram or view in the drawing area of the tool. If you prefer double-clicking for opening a diagram or view, select the Double-click in model browser to open diagram check box at the general options. Multiple diagrams and views can be open at the same time. By clicking on their tabs in the drawing area, or by just clicking their names in the model browser, you can switch between the different diagrams and views Closing diagrams and views Opened diagrams and views can be closed in two ways. The first way is to click the cross in the tab with the name of the open window. The other way is through the tab's context menu. When you right-click the tab the context menu appears containing an option to close the window. I you have opened multiple diagrams and/or views, there are several options. You can close the active window (Close), close all windows in one time (Close all), or close all windows except the active window (Close all but this). 70

71 5.1.6 Removing diagrams and views In the model browser you can remove diagrams and views from a model by selecting a diagram or view and then pressing the Delete button, clicking Home > Delete in the ribbon, or right-clicking a diagram or view and clicking Delete. If you remove a view, only that view is removed; the objects the view refers to persist. If you remove a layer from the model browser, the objects in that layer are also removed. Furthermore, all references to these objects in all views are removed Selecting elements in a diagram or view You may select one element in the view by clicking the left mouse button when the mouse pointer is over the element. If you want to add another element to the selection, hold down the Ctrl key when you click on this other element. Selection of one or more elements is also possible by rubber banding, i.e. pressing the mouse button while pointing somewhere to the upper right of the elements to select, then dragging the mouse pointer to a location to the lower left of these elements, which results in a box being drawn that surrounds all elements. After release of the left mouse button all elements surrounded are selected. The selected elements will be surrounded by nine little squares (the selection handles). 71

72 Selecting similar elements Several selection commands enable you to select specific sets of elements in a view. The Select similar command will select all elements in the view that are of the same concept as the elements in the selection. For example, to select all business roles in a view, you could select one of these roles and activate the command. The initial selection is allowed to contain elements of different concepts. To activate the command, do as follows: After selecting the elements, right-click the selection and click Select > Select Similar, or press Ctrl+E. Completing the selection The Complete selection (Ctrl+0) command may be used to quickly extend the selection so it will form a more complete set of elements. More specific, this command adds all relations between the selected elements to the selection and also adds the child elements of any element selected. This command is very useful if you want to highlight a certain part of a view using the highlight view filter. To activate the command, do as follows: After selecting the elements, right-click the selection and click Select > Complete Selection, or press Ctrl+0. Expanding the selection with one level The Extend selection one level command adds to the selection those elements that are directly (graphically) connected to selected elements via a relation. By activating this function several times in a row, a growing part of the view will be selected. To activate the command, do as follows: After selecting the elements, right-click the selection and click Select > Extend selection one level, or press Ctrl Moving elements in a diagram or view Objects can be moved to any position. Arrows and icons connected to the objects move with it: the meaning of the model does not change. You can drag elements into or out a block or an actor. Model elements and selections of model elements can be moved using the mouse or the arrow keys. When pressing the Ctrl key while using the arrow keys objects are moved with 72

73 large increments, when pressing the Shift key while using the arrow keys objects are moved with small increments. You can move several elements together by selecting several. Selecting more than one element at a time can be done in one of the following ways: Dragging: select the elements within a square area with the mouse. Start the drag at an empty point. Add elements to the selection by clicking on an element while holding the Shift key. Holding the Ctrl key toggles the selection on or off. With Ctrl+E (or via the context menu) you can select similar objects Fading and hiding elements in a diagram or view It is possible to fade and hide objects and relations of a specific type (concept) completely or partly in a diagram or view. The Hide pane can be used for this. The pane shows all concepts that can be used in the active diagram or view. Figure 5.1 View with all elements shown 73

74 By clicking a concept in the Hide pane once, all elements of this type will first be faded by being grayed. By clicking a second time, the elements will be hidden completely. If the concept is clicked for the third time, the elements will be shown again in their original color. Fading and hiding elements is illustrated below, by fading the business services and hiding the application services in an ArchiMate Business Cooperation View. Note: If you fade or hide objects that have directly connected relations, these relations will also be faded or hidden. Figure 5.2 View with faded and hidden objects Navigation and display of diagrams and views Several functions are available for navigating and displaying the open diagrams and views. 74

75 Navigation and zoom functions for a single diagram or view You can navigate or scroll through a single diagram or view using the arrow keys of your keyboard and with Page Up (scroll up), Page Down (scroll down), Home (to the beginning of the diagram/view) and End (to the end of the diagram/view). The other navigate and zoom functions are located on the Home ribbon tab and in the right part of the status bar at the bottom of the application window: Move and resize Selecting, moving and resizing of elements in a diagram or view can be done using the arrow pointer. Make room The Make room function makes it possible to move elements aside in order to make room for new elements or just add space to the view. To activate the function, click the control in the Layout group on the Home ribbon tab. When making room in container objects (objects that contain other objects), you can select a single container object and make room in it, but you can also select several container objects at the same time and make room in order to keep the relative layout between the container objects the same. This could be desirable when relations lead from objects in one container object to objects in another container object. When making room for several container objects, it has effect on the clicked-on container object and the objects directly placed in it, but also on the other selected container objects and the objects directly placed in this objects. It has no effect on the objects in a container object that are container objects themselves. In order to also make room in these underlying container objects, you need to select them too before you perform the Make room operation. 75

76 Figure 5.3 Making room in container objects Right-angled lines When you draw a relation without between two objects, it defaults to a straight line between the two objects. When two objects are not in a straight line relative to each other, it results in a diagonal line. For the clarity of a model, it may be desirable not to draw straight lines, but lines with right angles in it. Example: Figure 5.4 Straight line (left) and right-angled line (right) To activate drawing right-angled lines while modeling, click the control in the Layout group on the Home ribbon tab. Then draw the relations. While drawing, an angle is automatically created in the line where applicable. If you wish to draw straight lines again, click the control again. If you want to draw lines with right angles on an occasional basis, then it is more convenient to hold down the Ctrl key while drawing a relation. Once you release the button, you will draw straight lines again. If you want to determine the location of the angles yourself, then manually add break points to the line. 76

77 Helicopter selector The Helicopter selector function automatically zooms out maximally such that all objects become visible and indicates which part was visible within the diagram or view before the function was activated. Then, you have two options: You can select another part of the diagram or view, which consequently will be shown with the same zoom factor as before; By dragging the rectangle you select another part of interest of the diagram or view, which consequently will be shown zoomed out. To activate the helicopter selector, click the bottom of the application window. control in the status bar at the Scale to fit The Scale to fit function zooms out maximally, making all objects shown within the graphical diagram. To activate the function, click the control in the status bar at the bottom of the application window. Scale to 100% The Scale to 100 function shows the diagram or view at the normal 100% size. To activate the function, click the control in the status bar at the bottom of the application window. Zoom in and out With a combination of the Ctrl key and the plus + or minus - keys on the numeric keypad you can zoom in or out, respectively. The Ctrl key together with the mouse wheel has the same effect, while keeping the view "underneath the cursor" visible. To zoom in and out, use the resize bar at the bottom of the application window: 77

78 Full screen view The Full screen function hides all dockable panes, resulting in a maximum drawing space on the computers monitor. Only the ribbon and the status bar of the application remain visible. The full screen display can be activated by pressing F11 or clicking the control in the status bar at the bottom of the application window. By pressing F11 or clicking the control once again you can return to the regular display. Navigating multiple diagrams and views If multiple diagrams and/or views are open, you can easily navigate between them using the navigation commands Next Diagram and Previous Diagram in the Diagram group on the Window ribbon tab. By clicking one of these commands the tool switches to the next or previous open diagram or view and shows it. Alternatively you can use Ctrl+Tab to navigate the diagrams and views. When pressing this key combination, the Active Tool Windows and Active Files window appears, showing on the right the active diagrams and views. Hold down the Ctrl key, and press Tab to navigate the diagrams and views. 78

79 Figure 5.5 Navigating diagrams in Active Tool Windows and Active Files window Display of grid and guides Objects are always positioned on the grid when the snap to grid function is activated. This makes it easier to line elements, in order to make neat models. The snap to grid function is active by default. You can turn it of by clearing the Snap objects to grid check box at the grid and guides settings, accessible via Home > Snap to Grid > Grid and Guides in the ribbon. Snap to grid By clicking Home > Snap to Grid in the ribbon you can snap all objects in the view to the grid at the same time. Grid visibility Via Home > Snap to Grid > Grid you can turn on and off the visibility of the grid. This can also be done in the grid and guides settings by means of the Display grid on screen check box. Guides visibility Via Home > Snap to Grid > Guides you can handle the visibility of the drawing guides. The guides are the horizontal and vertical construction lines you see 79

80 when you move an object in the view. The guides help you align the object to other objects horizontally and vertically. You can align to the borders and to the center of objects. When one or more sides, or the horizontal or vertical center of the object actually snaps to another object, the guide lines become bold. The guides functionality works best in combination with the Snap objects to other objects functionality. The visibility of the guides can also be set in the grid and guide settings by means of the Display drawing guides on screen check box. At the grid and guide settings you can also set the horizontal and vertical spacing of the grid and snap objects to other objects. With the latter you can align an object to another object. When the object you move comes within a certain range of the horizontal or vertical borders or center of the other object, the object is aligned to this other object. Display of automatic page breaks In the drawing area of a diagram or view the automatic page breaks are displayed by default. The page breaks are indicated by small light purple dotted lines. The automatic page breaks can be displayed and hidden by switching them on and off via Home > Snap to Grid > Automatic Page Breaks. 80

81 Figure 5.6 Detail of page break on a (zoomed out) view The displayed page breaks include the page margins, so everything that is drawn between the page breaks falls within the printable area of the page. The page breaks correspond to the settings as defined in the page settings (File > Print > Page Setup). When you change the page settings (page size, orientation and/or margins), the automatic page breaks in a diagram or view are automatically adjusted according to these changes. Attention: The page settings that can be changed at the printer properties when the model is printed, do not affect the page breaks in a diagram or view. The page breaks will not change then. 81

82 Automatically positioning elements in a view Note: This functionality only applies to ArchiMate models. A view or a group of objects and relations in a view of an ArchiMate model can be positioned automatically. Enterprise Studio then determines the best possible distribution of the objects in the view. You can do this by using the automatic layout feature. This function generates a new layout of the view or the selection of objects and relations. With this function, you can very quickly create a nice presentation by dragging a set of objects from the model browser into a view and positioning them using them via automatic layout. If you only want to lay out the relations in a view, use the relation layout function. Automatic layout To perform the automatic layout, first click on the tab with the name of the view, or select the objects and relations you want to lay out. Then click Home > Automatic Layout in the ribbon, or press F6. Repeated application of the function results in a different layout each time. You can always return to a previous or the original layout by clicking Home > Undo or pressing Ctrl+Z. Settings for the automatic layout By clicking Home > Automatic Layout > Automatic Layout Settings (Shift+F6) you can define the following automatic layout settings. 82

83 Figure 5.7 Settings for the automatic layout Layout type Determine the type of layout you want to apply: a hierarchical layout (default setting) or a spring layout, and select it. Each type has settings that can contain integer values between 20 and The unit of the values is 0.1 millimeters. A filled-in value of 20 therefore equals 2 mm. In a hierarchical layout the elements are parallel and/or sequentially positioned from top to bottom. The layout shows the main direction ("flow") of a model as much as possible, following the ArchiMate hierarchy, from top to bottom: Business, Application, Infrastructure, Implementation & Migration, and Motivation. The nodes are placed in hierarchically positioned layers, in such a way that they go into the same direction as much as possible. The nodes are positioned with as less intersections as possible. 83

84 Figure 5.8 Example of a hierarchical layout Nested object spacing With this option you determine the amount of required space between nested objects and the group object they belong to. Object layer spacing This option controls the minimum required space between two objects within a layer, (Between objects in layer), and the minimum spacing between two layers (Between layers). The spring layout produces a spring-like model, wherein the strength of the relations between the objects is determined by the positioning of the objects. Objects that are closely related, are pulled closer towards each other. The 84

85 spring layout is suitable for highlighting groups of related objects and visualizing symmetries in the model. Figure 5.9 Example of a spring layout Relation length constant With this option you can set a constant to influence the length of a relation. The larger the constant, the further the end points of a relation will be apart, increasing the length of the relation. Object dimensions By default, the objects retain the dimensions as they have in the view when positioning the relations. If you clear the Use object dimensions from view check box, the objects will be resized in order to make them fit the text they contain. It means that some objects may be enlarged and others may be minimized. 85

86 Relation layout If you only want to lay out (a selection of) the relations in a view, use the Relation Layout (F7) function. To perform this function, first click on the tab with the name of the view, or select the relations you want to lay out. Then click the command in the ribbon and select the desired type of layout. There are three types of layout available: Layout with bends (fig. 1) If relations traverse objects, the relations will be bent at certain points in order to go around objects in the view. The relations are guided around them. Layout with right angles (fig. 2) If relations traverse objects, the relations will be bent at certain points in order to go around objects in the view, and right angles are used. As a result the relations in the view consist of horizontal and vertical ines. Layout with straight lines (fig. 3) For positioning the relations straight lines are drawn. No bends are used. Therefore it is possible that relations traverse objects. fig. 1 fig. 2 fig. 3 Figure 5.10 Different layout types When performing the relation layout, the layout with bends is used by default. If you choose a different layout, the application will remember it. Next time when you perform the relation layout, the layout type that is last 86

87 used, will be applied if you directly click Relation Layout. Which layout will be performed, can be see by the icon that is currently displayed in the command Showing possible relations in a diagram or view This functionality does only apply to ArchiMate, ERD, and UML models. In order to find out which relations are possible in the active diagram or view, click on the diagram or view in the model browser or click in the open diagram or view, and do as follows: On the View tab, in the Analysis group, click Show Relations. Next, an overview is presented showing all relations in the model that can be shown in the active diagram or view. With this, a distinction is made between relations already shown and relations not shown (yet). You can add the latter to the diagram or view by selecting the relations of interest and clicking Add to view. 87

88 Figure 5.11 Overview of relations Automatically generating views Note: This functionality only applies to ArchiMate models. In addition to building a new view with objects and relations from scratch, it is possible to automatically generate new views on the basis of one or more objects. The generated view is presented in a kind of spring layout in which the selected object is the central point. The other objects are positioned around it. If you do not select a specific object, then multiple objects can be positioned as central objects. Example: 88

89 Figure 5.12 Example of automatically generating a view When working together on projects (Team Platform), objects in a project may be read-only. Generating a view can also be performed on read-only objects, when these objects are on a diagram or view that is not read-only. Generating a view 1. Right-click on an opened view, or on one or more objects in this view, and then click Generate view for, or press Ctrl+G. The Generate View for window appears, with tabs for specifying which view type to generate and which object and relation types must be presented in the view. 2. On the different tabs, set the desired settings, and click OK. View Type tab On the View Type tab you specify which view type must be generated and how it is presented. 89

90 Figure 5.13 View Type tab of the Generate View for window In current view This check box controls whether the newly created view will be added to the current view or will become a separate view. If you choose for a new view, the view will be added to a dedicated view folder so that you may find these views easily later on. View type The choices available in the window depend on: 90

91 The type of object or types of objects you previously selected; The available types of views. For the objects you selected a view will be generated, including all relations with other objects, provided that these relations may appear in the selected view and these relations satisfy the relation settings. Thus, the results depend on the view type you select. Relation settings Add child objects as graphical nested subobjects You can specify whether child objects must be presented graphically in a nested way by selecting or clearing this check box. Graphical relation, graphical composition For each selected relation type the graphical representation can be specified by means of graphical relation or by means of graphical composition by selecting the appropriate check box(es). With graphical relation, the relation is presented as it is. With graphical composition, the relation between the objects is displayed by means of nesting. Example: A view contains the following relation: Figure 5.14 Default display of a relation between objects Generating a view results in the following: 91

92 Figure 5.15 Display with graphical relation Figure 5.16 Display with graphical composition Inverse composition If the graphical representation of a relation type is set to Graphical composition, the inverse composition is available. The nesting of the composition (which object is nested into which object) is determined by the direction of the relation. By selecting the Inverse composition check box you can revert the direction of the relation, which will change the nesting of the composition. Example: Figure 5.17 Inverse composition inactive Figure 5.18 Inverse composition active Depth The range of the view can be controlled by specifying a value for Depth. The depth specifies the number of successive relations used for the selection of the range, as counted from the objects selected. There might be situations in which only the selected objects should be shown within the view. In such situations, specify a depth of 0. Types tab On the Types tab the view is refined by specifying which object types must be shown within the view. So, you may clear certain object types that otherwise would be part of the view on the basis of the viewpoint definition. 92

93 Figure 5.19 Types tab of the Generate View for window Relation Types tab On the Relation Types tab the view is refined by specifying which relations must (not) be part of the view. You may specify for example that composition between business processes must be part of the view, in contrast to composition between business objects. 93

94 Figure 5.20 Relation Types tab of the Generate View for window For the objects selected a view is generated with all relations with other objects, if these objects and relations are part of the view type, and satisfy your settings. Generated views may be used as any other view, so you may add or remove objects or move the view to another folder. 94

95 Model Scope tab On the Model Scope tab the view can be refined by determining the scope of the model. Only the models and objects that lie in the selected components of the model package, will be included when generating the view. Figure 5.21 Model Scope tab of the Generate View for window 95

96 View Plateau tab The View Plateau tab is useful when working with ArchiMate Implementation and migration elements. On this tab you may specify which period(s) the view must be generated for. Figure 5.22 View Plateau tab of the Generate View for window 96

97 Saving a view as viewpoint You can save the settings of your generated view as viewpoint by selecting the Save viewpoint check box at the bottom of the Generate view for window. When this is done and the view is generated, the generated viewpoint will appear in the Viewpoints pane. From there you can repeatedly execute the generated view without the need to specify the generate view parameters (like for example which object types must be presented) Views in views Enterprise Studio allows you to create diagrams and views that contain references to other diagrams and views. You can do this by dragging a diagram or view from the model browser into another diagram or view. This creates a reference to a diagram or view that can be opened by doubleclicking it. The diagrams or views must be in the same model to create references. Below is an example of a view with views. It illustrates the use of this mechanism to create overviews, in which different views are placed to show a particular connection. 97

98 Figure 5.23 Example of an ArchiMate view with views Allowed concepts per view Note: This functionality only applies to ArchiMate models. With the Allowed Concepts per View command in the Settings groups of the ArchiMate tab of the ribbon you can create a table that shows which ArchiMate concepts are allowed on which view types. The allowed combinations have a green check mark. The view types (rows) in the table are sorted alphabetically; the concepts (columns) are sorted by component category in accordance with the sorting in the Create pane. Figure 5.24 Overview of allowed concepts per view for an ArchiMate model The table is generated on the basis of the ArchiMate metamodel of the active model package, provided that the model package contains a metamodel. It can be the metamodel from the default configuration, if the active model package is using this one, but if the active model package uses a custom ArchiMate metamodel, that metamodel is used. 98

99 Setting default diagrams and views A model package contains one or more models, often with multiple views and/or diagrams. If you would like specific views and/or diagrams to be automatically opened when the model package is opened in Enterprise Studio, then you can set these views and diagrams as default views. When creating new models, some diagrams or views in the model may already be set as default view. The names of the views and diagrams that are set as default view are shown in italics in the model browser. The ArchiMate example model "Archisurance" for example has the "ArchiMate View" set as default view: There is no limit in setting views and diagrams as default view, you can set as much as you like. To set a view or diagram in a model as default view, do as follows: 99

100 In the model browser, right-click the view or diagram, and then click Default view. If activated the option has a check mark. Note: Container elements in a model that are set as default location, are also displayed in italics. If you do not want a view or diagram to be a default view anymore, just click Default viewagain to deactivate the option. The check mark will disappear. 5.2 Creating objects and relations The objects and relations that are used for creating your models can be created and drawn in different ways. The various ways are discussed below. Which of them are available in a model depends on the metamodel you are modeling in. 100

101 Objects When you wish to model in a diagram or view, you start with placing objects. Objects can be created in the following ways: using the Create pane using the quick-create pop-up window using the model browser using the quick-create object controls using the context menu Relations You can draw various kinds of relations between objects in a view or diagram, provided that the specific type of relation is defined in the underlying metamodel and that the specific type of relation can appear in the view or diagram. By drawing (causality) relations you can indicate the coherence between the different elements. When drawing relations between objects, you can not only create relations between objects on the same level, but also between nested objects. These are objects at different hierarchical levels. Relations between objects can be drawn in different ways: using the Create pane using the quick-create pop-up window using the quick-create object controls using the smart connector TIP: By using the Esc key you can cancel an operation. With Ctrl+Z you can undo an operation Using the Create pane The Create pane contains all concepts that are available for the active diagram or view, and a number of generic graphic shapes that can be used in all types of diagrams and views. 101

102 Figure 5.25 Create pane for the ArchiMate total view Creating objects To add objects, first click the concept of you choice in the Create pane and then click in the open diagram or view. In case of a diagram, the object is immediately placed on the diagram. In case of a view, the actual object is created in the relevant layer of the model in the model browser, and a reference to the object is placed on the open view. 102

103 Figure 5.26 Create an object using the Create pane Drawing relations Relations can only be drawn if the diagram or view already has one or more objects. To draw a relation from the Create pane, do one of the following: 1. Click the desired relation concept in the pane. 2. In the open diagram or view (drawing area), click on the object from which you want to draw the relation and draw the relation to the object you want to connect to. 3. Click on the target object. The relation is now drawn Using the quick-create pop-up window In the drawing area of an open diagram or view, the quick-create pop-up window can be used for creating objects and relations. The pop-up window only contains the elements that can be added. Which elements they are, depends on the selected diagram, view or object in the drawing area. 103

104 Figure 5.27 Quick-create pop-up window in the ArchiMate total view The quick-create pop-up window can be accessed by clicking in the drawing area and briefly holding down the mouse button. When releasing it again, the pop-up window appears. Another way to access the pop-up window is by clicking one of the quickcreate object controls for adding an object (if available). Figure 5.28 Quick-create pop-up window available after clicking Creating objects 1. Click somewhere in the diagram or view and briefly hold down the mouse button until you see a gray dot appear:. 2. Release the mouse button. The quick-create pop-up window appears. 104

105 3. Move the mouse pointer over the concept categories on the left of the window until you are above the right category, slide to the desired concept and click on it. The object is now placed on the diagram or view. Drawing relations Relations can be drawn from an existing object in a diagram or view to another existing object, or to a new object that is created at the same time. When drawing relations using the quick-create pop-up window, the smart connector is also used. From one existing object to another 1. Click on an object in the open diagram or view and subsequently click on the smart connector attached to the object. 2. Drag the line (relation) that is shown to the object you want to create a relation with. 3. Click on the object and in the quick-create pop-up window that appears click on the relation you want to add. The relation is now placed on the diagram or view. 105

106 From an existing object to a new object 1. Click on an object in the open diagram or view and subsequently click on the smart connector attached to the object. 2. Drag the line (relation) that is shown to the place in the diagram or view where you want to add the next object, click and shortly hold down the mouse button until you see the gray dot appear:. 3. Release the mouse button, in the quick-create pop-up window click on the object you want to add, and then click on the relation you want to add. The new object and relation are now placed on the diagram or view Using the model browser The model browser can be used to create and draw objects, not relations. It can be used in the following situations: To create new objects for a view. To create new "independent"objects. These are objects that are used in diagrams, but are located in their own container in the model browser; the objects are not subject to a specific diagram, but can be used in multiple diagrams (just like objects in views). Examples of such objects are items in Amber and BPMN models, and global tasks in BPMN models. To draw existing objects in a diagram or view. Creating new (independent) objects To create an object, right-click a container element in the model browser, point to New and click the object type you want to add. The object is now placed in the model browser, right below the element in which you created the object. Point to New Multiple in the context menu and click an object if you want to add multiple copies of the object at once. Note: A newly created object in the model browser does not yet have a graphical occurrence because it is not yet drawn in a diagram or view. 106

107 Drawing existing objects in a diagram or view Objects that already have been created in the model browser or in a view may be placed on a(nother) diagram or view by dragging them from the model browser and dropping them onto the diagram or view. Doing so creates a reference to the object. A single object may thus be dragged onto different diagrams or views, all creating different references to the same (underlying) object. In Amber models, this only applies to items, data types and UML classes. Nested objects If you drag a nested object (object with underlying objects) from the model browser onto a view, then it is also placed as a nested object in the view. If an object has underlying objects in the model browser, the underlying objects are always included when drawing the parent object in a view. If you draw an object from the model browser that is part of a nesting, only its underlying objects are included, not its parent object. Figure 5.29 Drawing nested objects via drag-and-drop Drawing objects without their relation Relations from or to collapsed objects and relations that span one or more levels can be unwanted sometimes when they are copied with the objects they are linked to. When objects are dragged onto a view, the linked relations may cause a lot of clutter. It is possible to drag objects from the model browser or navigator onto a view without the relations that are linked to them. To do this, select the object, press the Alt key and hold it down while you drag the object and drop it onto the view. 107

108 In the following example the business actor "HRM" has an association relation with the business actor "Board". The "Board" object is already in the view. In the left figure, the relation is automatically drawn when the "HRM" object is dragged onto the view. In the right figure, the Alt key is pressed while the object is being dragged onto the view. The relation is not copied with the object. Figure 5.30 Drawing object with (left) and without (right) its relation Using the quick-create object controls Quick-create controls are available with objects drawn in a diagram or view. They are the small triangles on all sides of an object, visible when the object is selected. Figure 5.31 Quick-create object controls Quick-create controls are not available on some objects and on graphic shapes. The quick-create controls can be used for creating new objects from existing objects and directly drawing the relation between them, or for drawing relations between two existing objects. Creating objects and relations using the quick-create controls is always done in combination with the quick-create pop-up window. 108

109 Creating objects 1. In the open diagram or view, click on an object and click on the quickcreate control on one of the object's sides. 2. In the quick-create pop-up window, select the object you want to create and after that select the desired relation. The new object and relation are now added. Drawing relations 1. Click on an object in the open diagram or view and subsequently click on the quick-create control on one of the object's sides. 2. Drag the line (relation) that is shown to the object you want to create a relation with. 3. Click on the target object and in the quick-create pop-up window that appears click on the relation you want to add. The relation is now placed on the diagram or view Using the smart connector When drawing a relation, you can select the right type of relation yourself, but you can also use the smart connector. With the smart connector you first draw a line between two objects, and then choose the desired relation in the quick-create pop-up window. It only shows the types of relations that can be created between the two objects. The smart connector is available in the Create pane and in the drawing area of a diagram or view. 109

110 Figure 5.32 Smart connector Drawing relations Using smart connector in the Create pane 1. Click on the smart connector in the Create pane. 2. In the open diagram or view, click on the object from which you want to draw the relation. 3. Drag the line (relation) that is shown to the object you want to create a relation with. 4. Click on the object and in the quick-create pop-up window that appears click on the relation you want to add. The relation is now placed on the diagram or view. Using smart connector attached to object Drawing relations using the smart connector that is attached to an object works the same as described at drawing relations using the quick-create pop-up window Using the context menu The context menu can only be used for creating objects. The context menu is available when creating objects via the model browser, and creating objects in the modeling area of an open diagram or view. 110

111 Creating objects via the model browser The availability of the context menu within a model in the model browser depends on the metamodel of the model (ArchiMate, BPMN etc.). For example: the menu is available on a view element in the browser, but not on a diagram element. On model package level and model level the context menu is always available. To create an object via the model browser, right-click an element in the model browser, point to New and click the object type you want to add. The object is now placed in the model browser, right below the element in which you created the object. Point to New Multiple in the context menu and click an object if you want to add multiple copies of the object at once. Note: A newly created object in the model browser does not yet have a graphical occurrence because it is not yet drawn in a diagram or view. Creating objects in an open diagram or view To create an object in an open diagram or view, right-click somewhere on the diagram or view, point to New and click the object type you want to add. The object is now placed on the diagram or view. Point to New Multiple in the context menu and click an object if you want to add multiple copies of the object at once Best practice for drawing relations If you want to draw a relation from or to an object, best click the center of the object. With a blue border around the object, the tool signals that the mouse is over the object and that the relation is valid. 111

112 Figure 5.33 Draw a relation between objects Allowed objects and relations If an object (type) cannot be placed on a particular diagram or view, or if you draw an object in the wrong place (for example when the object overlaps an existing object), a stop sign is shown while dragging:. The tool may also correct drawn relations between objects. For example, if you try to draw a second relation from an OR-join to an action in an Amber mode, the tool will automatically correct this: an OR-split will be placed between the OR-join and the action Naming objects After you have drawn an object in a diagram or view, or created an object in the model browser, it automatically gets a unique name. You can however directly change this name by immediately typing the new name. It is also possible to change the name of an object at a later time. In that case, select the object (in the diagram or view or in the model browser), press F2 and type the new name. 112

113 Note: The size of an object in a diagram or view automatically adjusts to fully fit the chosen name. After that you can still resize the objects if desired. It is possible to make an object smaller than the size that is needed to display the name, but the text will then go outside the object. Renaming objects If you change an object's name into a name of an already existing object of the same type, you will be asked if the (new) object also should refer to that existing object. By doing so you can prevent that your model contains more than one object with the same name. You can also change an object reference by right-clicking the object and clicking Where used. TIP: You can move selected objects between diagrams, from and to other blocks (ArchiMate), or sub-processes (Amber) and even to other applications (for instance Word or PowerPoint) by copying (Ctrl+C), cutting (Ctrl+X) and pasting (Ctrl+V) the selected objects. In order to paste selected objects within another object, you must first select that object before you paste Creating multiple elements at the same time Instead of creating model elements one by one, it is also possible to create multiple copies of one element type at the same time. This may be useful if your models needs many elements of the same type. It is possible to create multiple elements in the model browser. Via the Create pane it is also possible to create multiple copies of an object. 113

114 Creating elements in the model browser In the model browser you can easily add multiple elements of one specific type at the same time, for example a number of views, diagrams, process blocks, sub-processes, activities, a list of applications, data objects, or UML classes. To do this, follow these steps: 1. In the model browser, right-click a model or other container element (depending on what you want to add), point to New multiple and click the element you want to add. 2. In the window that pops up, select one or more attributes that must be specified for the new element and click OK. Example: 3. In the Create multiple window, type the names for the elements and the values for the attributes you have selected in the table. Use the Tab key 114

115 to go through the cells and add the elements. The result is a list of elements. Example: 4. Optional: If you select the Match names with existing objects check box, Enterprise Studio will, based on the entered names, check if the elements already exist in the model. If an element already exists, the new element will be merged with the existing; the information you have entered in the table will be added to the existing element, including the profiles/profile attributes that have not yet been assigned to the existing element. 5. Click OK when you are ready. The new elements are added to the model browser. Creating objects using the Create pane If you want to quickly draw multiple copies of one specific object, do one of the following: 115

116 Method 1 1. Click on the concept in the Create pane. 2. Press and hold down the Shift key and repeatedly click in the diagram or view to add copies of the object. 3. Release the Shift key to stop adding copies of the object. Method 2 1. Press and hold down the Shift key and click on the concept in the Create pane. 2. Release the Shift key and repeatedly click in the diagram or view to add copies of the object. 3. Press the Esc key twice, or click on another concept to stop adding copies of the object. Method 3 1. Double-click on the concept in the Create pane and repeatedly click in the diagram or view to add copies of the object. 2. Press the Esc key twice, or click on another concept to stop adding copies of the object Using graphic shapes The Create pane contains the Graphic shapes group. It is a general group containing concepts and commands that are always available and do not depend on the opened diagram or view. The group contains commands for: adding shapes, text, background images, and hyperlinks positioning/grouping elements creating legends 116

117 Figure 5.34 Graphic shapes Available graphic shapes Comment This shape can be used for adding comments to content in your diagrams and views. By adding a comment a text box is placed in which you can add text. Group By using a group you can create graphical groupings of objects by drawing a group around them. Groups behave like other compound objects: you can collapse and expand them to structure your view. Rectangle, Rounded rectangle, Ellipse Use these shapes to visually organize elements in your diagram or view to indicate that they belong together. It is a graphical aid only, it does not have formal semantics. Edge Use this shape to draw unspecified connections between 117

118 elements. Text With this shape you can include texts in a diagram or view, for example to explain something. Hyperlink Use this shape to add hyperlinks to your diagram or view. You can create links to websites, external files and other elements in the model package, but also links to send an message. Activate background images, Image With these commands you can add background images to a diagram or view. Legend With this shape you can create a legend that displays the types of elements that appear or may appear in the active diagram or view Adding hyperlinks to a diagram or view With the Hyperlink graphic shape in the Create pane you can add hyperlinks to your diagram or view. You can create links to websites, external files and other elements in the model package, but also links to send an message. To create a hyperlink, follow these steps: 1. In the Create pane, in the Graphic shapes section, click on Hyperlink, and then click in the open diagram or view. A new hyperlink object is created. 118

119 2. Click on the hyperlink object and then click the link control at the top of the object. The link editor appears. 3. In the link editor, specify the details of the hyperlink. 4. Optional: If you create a reference to a file, and the file is of a graphical format, then you can choose to embed the file by selecting the Embed target in reports check box. If embedded, the actual picture instead of the link will be added to the report when you create an HTML report of the model. 5. Click OK to close the link editor. TIP: If you want to link from an object in a diagram or view to another diagram or view, place a hyperlink over the object and make it transparant The link editor The link editor is used when creating references in documentation fields and profiles, and hyperlinks in diagrams and views. The details of the reference 119

120 are specified in this window. You can create references to websites, external files and other elements in the model package, but it is also possible to create links to send an message. Figure 5.35 The link editor The Link denotes information on the link itself, like the address of the web page, location and name of the file, model object number, or "mailto" address. The Name denotes what users will see as description in the hyperlink object in the diagram or view, in the documentation field, or in the profile reference, but also in generated HTML reports. You can either type the reference details manually, or use the reference buttons in the editor to add a specific reference. References in HTML reports In the HTML report, clicking on a hyperlink can open the reference. For more information, please refer to the Reporting and Printing Guide. If you would like to add links or web links for creating a reply or feedback function within an intranet report, you preferably use the specific "Report feedback" profile. For more information, see. For more information, please refer to the Reporting and Printing Guide. Reference maintenance All links created with the link editor can be viewed and maintained easily using the. 120

121 Create a reference to a file Click the File button to create a reference to a locally stored file or file on the network. After clicking the button, navigate to the file and open it. The Link box is filled with the location and name of the selected file, Name is filled with the name of the file. Figure 5.36 Example of a reference to a file Reference to graphical file format If the file is of a graphical format (BMP, PNG etc.), you can choose to embed the file by selecting the Embed target in reports check box. If embedded, the actual picture instead of the link will be added to the report when you create an HTML report of the model. Reference to document bookmark You can also refer to locations or bookmarks within a document. Insert bookmarks within your document and add the name of the bookmark to the URL, preceded by a #. Example: Q:/public/data/instructions/scanning.doc#namebookmark Create a reference to a web page Click the Web Page button to create a reference to a web page. After clicking the button your web browser is opened. Navigate to the desired web page. The Link box of the link editor is filled with the selected web page, Name is filled with the title of the file. 121

122 Figure 5.37 Example of a reference to a web page Create a reference to a model object Click the Model Object button to create a reference to an object in the model package. Such hyperlinks can be added to almost all graphical objects in the tool. If you want, you can add more than one hyperlink to objects. After clicking the button, search the object in the object selector, and select it. After selection, the Link box of the link editor is filled with the internal number of the selected object, and Name is filled with the title of the file. Figure 5.38 Example of a reference to a model object Create a reference to send an message Click the Link button to create a reference to send an message. After clicking the button, the Link window appears in which you set up the message that must be generated. Enter the desired details of the message, like the recipient's address, a subject and message body text. 122

123 When you are finished, the Link box of the link editor is filled with the "mailto" address. You still need to add a description in the Name box. Figure 5.39 Example of a reference to send an Using background images in diagrams and views It is possible to include background images in your diagram or view. Background image is one of the graphic shapes in the Create pane. Adding a background image Make sure the diagram or view to which you want to add a background image is opened. 123

124 1. In the Create pane, in Graphic shapes, click on Activate background images. The active diagram or view now turns pink to indicate that the function is active. 2. In the Create pane, click on Image and then click in the active diagram or view. 3. In the window that appears, select the desired image and open it. The image is now placed on the diagram or view. 4. Resize the image until it is the correct size and drag it to the right spot in the diagram or view. 5. Click on Activate background images one more time to deactivate the editing feature. The background image is now fixed in the diagram or view and cannot be edited anymore. Editing a background image An existing background image in a diagram or view can be resized and moved. Make sure the diagram or view with the background image is open. 1. In the Create pane, in Graphic shapes, click Activate background images. 2. Click on the background image in the diagram or view and make the desired changes. 3. Click Activate background images once again to deactivate the editing feature. The changed background image is now fixed in the diagram or view. Removing a background image Make sure the diagram or view with the background image is open. 124

125 1. In the Create pane, in Graphic shapes, click Activate background images. 2. Click on the background image in the diagram or view and press Delete. 3. Click Activate background images once again to deactivate the editing feature. The background image is now removed from the diagram or view Setting a default location for objects and relations A model package in the model browser consists of lots of elements: models, diagrams, views, objects, relations, folders, layers and other types of container elements. Model-specific container elements (so no folders) in the model browser are the elements that accommodate similar elements. A few examples: ArchiMate "Application layer": accommodates objects and relations from the business layer. BPMN "Collaboration diagram: accommodates the objects and relations that are present in a process diagram. DMN "Decisions": accommodates the objects and relations that are present in a decision requirements diagram. Container elements can be set as default location for objects and relations that are created in a diagram or view. This can be useful if more than one container element of the same type is present in a model. Objects and relations that are created in a view or diagram will automatically be placed in the default associated container element. The names of the container elements that are set as default location are shown in italics in the model browser. The ArchiMate example model "Archisurance" for example has two "Motivation elements" containers, one of which is set as default location: 125

126 There is no limit in setting container elements as default location in a model, bu they must be of different types. You cannot set two container elements of the same type as default location. To set a container element in a model as default location, do as follows: In the model browser, right-click the container element, and then click Default location. If activated the option has a check mark. 126

127 Note: Views and diagrams in a model that are set as default view, are also displayed in italics. If you do not want a container element to be a default location anymore, just click Default location again to deactivate the option. The check mark will disappear. 127

128 5.3 Handling and editing objects Various operations can be performed on the objects you add for the purpose of modeling. You can also edit the objects, for example to change their appearance. Below is an overview of the possibilities Resizing objects Individual objects can be resized horizontally and vertically. You can do this by clicking on the object and then clicking one of the squares on the edge of the object and dragging it in a direction. When resizing, mind the following: Any existing contents of the object retains its scale. Do not make the object so small that its contents (partly) disappears. There should be enough space around the objects to scale them. They must not overlap something else Replicating objects You can make objects replicated by means of the properties replication and replication number. By making an object replicated, you add information on the number of instances of this object. Replicated objects are visualized in a diagram or view as depicted below: 128

129 5.3.3 Aligning and scaling objects You can align objects using the Align button in the Layout group on the Home ribbon tab. This way you can for example place actions on the same line or aligning them to the same height. In order to align objects you first select the object the other objects must be aligned to and then select the other objects. You will notice that the selection color of the first selected object is different from the selection color of the other selected objects. That way you will always know the "target" object of your aligning. Next, click the arrow in the Align button and then click the desired type of alignment. If you want to select all other objects in the model similar to the first, rightclick the first object and click Select > Select Similar. After that you click the type of alignment. In the ribbon tab, the last chosen alignment function will remain visible on the Align button and can easily be used again by clicking the button instead of selecting the alignment in the button menu over and over again. Enterprise Studio remembers the alignment type that was last used. Scaling sub-processes in Amber models Sub-processes in Amber models can also be scaled. First select the subprocess. Then, click on one of the blocks on the border of the sub-process and drag it to the desired direction. The sub-process can be scaled independently in both directions (horizontally and vertically). The subprocess's content keeps its scale. The sub-process can not be made smaller than its contents. 129

130 5.3.4 Setting object properties Now you have drawn some objects, you can add properties. The easiest way to do this is by double-clicking these elements. The Properties window appears. Example: Object fill color and line color Objects can be given their own fill color and line color. With the fill color you give the object's surface a different color, with the line color you change the color of the border of the object. Fill color In order to set a fill color for the object, select the object in the diagram or view and click Home > Fill Color in the ribbon. Select the desired color in the appearing window. By default, objects have a plain color. At the Enterprise Studio General options you can specify whether objects must be colored with gradient or plain filling with the Use gradient color when filling objects check box, and the gradient of coloring in Gradient to color. 130

131 Line color The line color for an object can only be set if the Derive line color from fill color check box at the Enterprise Studio Graphics options is clear. If this check box is selected, the line color automatically gets a color that is derived from the fill color. If the line color is not derived from the fill color, the border of an object is black by default. To change the line color, select the object in the diagram or view and click Home > Line color in the ribbon. Select the desired color in the appearing window. Below are two examples of color settings. The objects have their default color, the fill color is not adjusted. Figure 5.40 Plain fill color + fixed line color (left), gradient filling + derived line color (right) Object line style and line width The Line Width and Line Style commands in the Markup group on the Home tab of the ribbon can be used to change the width and style of the border of an object. TIP: You can change colors, fonts and other graphical properties of multiple objects simultaneously by selecting these objects in the diagram or view with Ctrl+A or Ctrl+E and then click the button for that property Copying the object format The Format Painter command in the Clipboard group of the Home ribbon tab can be used to copy one object's graphical properties (like background color and line style) to other objects. First, select the source object (that has the graphical properties to copy), then click Format Painter. After that, select the destination objects and click 131

132 Format Painter again. Now, the graphical properties of the source object are applied to the destination objects Resetting the graphical attributes of an object You can reset the assigned graphical attributes to their default value. To do this, select the relevant objects in the diagram or view and click Reset in the Markup group on the Home ribbon tab Adding an image to an object It is possible to add images to objects. Images can for example represent the type of a model element. To add an image, select the object in the diagram or view and click Home > Icons in the ribbon. In the window that appears you can select the image you want to add. The image can be resized. The position of the image can be changed by clicking the image and dragging it to the desired place in the diagram or view. Added images are not saved with the model. Whenever you copy a model, you must also copy the self-added images Formatting an object name label Object name labels can be formatted and rotated. Rotating can be used to vertically position text, which can be useful for rotated objects. Labels can be formatted by means of the commands in the Font group of the Home ribbon tab. 132

133 Positioning an object name label Labels on arrows and names of objects can be fixed on a certain position with respect to the arrows or the object (left, center, outside, etc.). The label stays on the same relative position when moving the object. To position a label, select the object with the label in the diagram or view, click Home > Attach Label and click the desired label position. Figure 5.41 Positioning label to the middle You always reposition a label by selecting it and clicking the desired label position. You can also position multiple (name) labels at the same time by right-clicking one specific object with label and then clicking Select > Select similar. All similar objects are selected. Click Home > Attach Label and click the desired label position. The labels of all selected objects are changed Collapsing and expanding objects In a graphical sense you can build up a model in a layered way by placing objects inside other objects in diagrams and views. You can do this by creating objects inside another or dragging them in. Next, the objects inside an object as it were form the content of the latter object. 133

134 Collapsing objects Objects can be collapsed. By collapsing the contents of the objects becomes invisible and the name of the object is displayed underlined. By collapsing objects you can create more space in the diagram or view. In Amber models only sub-processes, actions and actors can be collapsed. An object can be collapsed by right-clicking the object in the diagram or view and clicking Collapse or pressing Ctrl+L. The figure below shows two business processes, of which the lower one is collapsed. It is possible to collapse an existing object (with content) as well as an empty object (without content) and further add content to it. This contents can be added after collapsing. TIP: Name the objects you collapse or have collapsed. That way it is much more easy to keep a clear overview of the model and to navigate the model. Also printing and reporting the model will be more transparent. Navigating a collapsed object Entering a collapsed object (to view or edit its contents) can be done by double-clicking the collapsed object, or right-clicking the object and clicking Open (Alt+Down arrow). When a collapsed object is opened and selected, you can easily navigate back using the Alt+Up arrow key combination. You can also use the model 134

135 browser to navigate between the different diagrams and objects by clicking the name in the model browser. Showing the contents of a collapsed object The contents of a collapsed object can be displayed in various ways. The first way is to open a collapsed object. To do this, double-click the collapsed object, or right-click the object and click Open (Alt+Down arrow). Next, the contents of the underlying component is displayed in a new diagram. Another way to display the contents of an object is by using the Show contents command in the context menu of the drawn object. The contents of the collapsed object is shown in the same diagram within the object, and all elements are reduced in size so that they fit within the object. You cannot fully adjust and edit the contents, but you can select the contents for viewing properties or performing an analysis, or for limited editing (changing properties) for example. If this contents in itself contains a collapsed object, you can also make this contents appear by using the same function one more time. If the content of an object is larger than the object itself, the content is displayed scaled down. This is only useful if the object is not scaled too much. Optionally, you also generate a tooltip view to view the contents of scaled objects. Editing collapsed objects Minor editing operations are available for a collapsed object. The properties of objects in a collapsed object can be altered provided that these objects are visible. If they are not, you can make them visible by using the Show contents function. Within an expanded object other objects can be collapsed. This way a layered model with more than one level can be constructed. 135

136 The content of a collapsed sub-process or actor in an Amber model can only be modified when you enter it. Likewise, adding objects to the edge of a subprocess or actor is only allowed in an expanded sub-process. The expanded sub-process is a separate (sub-)diagram. Showing a model's layering Note: This functionality only applies to Amber models. The layering of a model can easily be made visible by using the Process structure view (for sub-processes) or the Organigram (for actors). To do this, select a collapsed sub-process or actor at the highest level (or a subprocess/actor that contains a collapsed sub-process/actor), and click Process Structure or Organigram in the Amber ribbon tab. Consequences of collapsing Using collapsed objects in a model has consequences for the input and output of the other tool functionality like analysis and documentation. View filters With a collapsed object the results of a view filter (colors, displayed labels) on its contents can only be seen after the contents of the object has been made visible. This can be done in two ways: expanding the object by rightclicking it and clicking Open, or showing the contents of the object by rightclicking it and clicking Show contents. It works different for the lanes view in an Amber model. The lanes view runs on the active diagram: if the expanded sub-process is active, a lanes view of only this sub-process (and its lower-level collapsed sub-processes) is created. To create a lanes view of the complete process, the main diagram must also be selected. 136

137 Quantitative analyses Quantitative analyses, which can be performed on Amber models, are performed on the entire model, by which the critical path is visible as a view. Simulation When executing a simulation on an Amber model with collapsed subprocesses, there are a couple of options: The contents of the collapsed sub-processes is not visible. In this case, the changing color of the collapsed sub-processes show when the simulator is operating in the collapsed sub-process. The contents of the collapsed sub-processes has been made visible through the Show contents function. The simulation is now visible in the content of the collapsed sub-process. By navigating through the model (for example by using Alt+Down arrow and Alt+Up arrow), you can include the model in the simulator. This can be done the easiest way by setting the simulator to pause when getting into or going out of a collapsed sub-process, then navigating to the underlying or overlying sub-process, and finally starting the simulator again. By selecting the Select check box in the simulation window the collapsed sub-processes will automatically open during the simulation and be displayed once the simulation has arrived at the collapsed sub-process. The condition for this is that the collapsed sub-processes are opened, for example by preliminary clicking on the collapsed sub-processes in the model browser model. Expanding collapsed objects Collapsed objects can be expanded again. The contents of the elements will be shown in the same diagram or view, but regains its original size (as you see it when viewing the collapsed element in its own diagram or view). A collapsed object can be expanded again by right-clicking the object in the diagram or view and clicking Expand, or pressing Ctrl+Shift+L. 137

138 Undo grouping When an object has content, it in fact groups this content. This grouping can be undone by right-clicking the object and clicking Ungroup, or pressing Ctrl+U. By ungrouping an object the (possibly collapsed) object is replaced with its content. Interactions between sub-processes in an Amber model that are ungrouped, change into actions. Hence the ungrouping of the object not only undoes any collapsing, it also removes the outer object. This operation places the content in the diagram or view with its original size. When the content is bigger than the removed object, you need to rearrange the model manually. For these cases it is probably more efficient to first create enough free space around the collapsed object before ungrouping it. Printing and reporting collapsed objects When you print a model or diagram, the structure of the model is leading. This means that the diagram on the highest level is printed first, then the contents of collapsed objects on that level are printed and so on. The same holds for reporting a model Automatic numbering of objects Note: This functionality only applies to Amber models. Serial number Enterprise Studio automatically assigns a serial number (serial number in an object's Basic profile) to most objects within the Amber model, uniquely identifying each object. You may use this serial number for your own identification of objects within the model. Numbering order The numbering order can be set with the order of elements attribute in the Basic profile of an element. You can choose between from left to right (default), from top to bottom, from right to left and from bottom to top. The 138

139 order can be set at the level of the model as a whole, at the level of diagrams, at the level of sub-processes, and at the level of actors, all of these via the Properties window of the corresponding model element. If you set this attribute for the model object, the setting becomes the default for this model. On the lower levels in the Amber model (diagrams, subprocesses, actors) you can set a different order if necessary, which is the default for the underlying level. In Enterprise Studio the serial number is used for ordering objects in the model browser, table functions, and in reported RTF documents. This way you can determine, for example, that the reporting order for the model is from left to right, and for certain subprocesses from top to bottom. 5.4 Handling and editing relations Various operations can be performed on the relations you add for the purpose of modeling. You can also edit the relations, for example to change their appearance. Which operations can be performed in a model depends on the modeling language or method of the model, some may not be available Changing the relation type The relation type can be changed by right-clicking the relation in the view and clicking Change relation type. 139

140 Figure 5.42 Change the type of a relation Specifying the preferred relation type It is possible to specify the preferred relation type via ArchiMate > Concepts and Relations in the ribbon. For each combination of concepts the preferred relation type can be specified Reverting the relation direction The relation's direction can be changed by right-clicking the relation in the view or the model browser and then clicking Reverse relation Removing a relation You can remove a relation from a model by deleting it from the model browser. Doing so also removes all reference objects in all views to this relation. You can remove (an appearance of) a relation from a view by selecting it and pressing Delete, or click Home > Delete in the ribbon. This will only remove 140

141 the relation from the view and not from the model. If you remove the relation in a view, the relation is removed from both the view and the model Adding text to a relation It is possible to add text to a relation. Text is added by selecting a relation in the diagram or view and directly typing the text. The labels can be positioned at the line by using the Attach Label function in the Layout group of the Home ribbon tab Changing the relation line color, width and style Relations can be given their own line color, line width and line style. By default, relations are colored black and drawn with a narrow line. To adjust the line width and line style, use the Line Width and Line Style commands on the Home tab. Note: The line color cannot be changed by default. It can only be changed if the Derive line color from fill color check box at the Enterprise Studio Graphics options is clear. If this check box is selected, the line color function in the ribbon is not available. The line color automatically gets a color that is derived from the fill color. To change the line color, select the relation in the diagram or view and click Home > Line color in the ribbon. In the window that appears, select the desired color Adding an image to a relation It is possible to add images to relations. Images can for example represent the type of a relation. To add an image, select the relation in the diagram or view and click Home > Icons in the ribbon. In the window that appears you can select the image you want to add. The image can be resized. The position of the image can be changed by clicking the image and dragging it to the desired place in the diagram or view. 141

142 Added images are not saved with the model. Whenever you copy a model, you must also copy the self-added images Adding break points to a relation line It is not always possible to draw well-ordered models with only straight relation lines and arrows. In such cases you can insert break points. Each break point creates an angle or curve in the line. Break points can be added in different ways: First, draw the relation in a straight line. Then select the relation, click on the point in the line where you want the break point and drag the line while holding down the mouse button. An angle is created. While drawing the line, click directly on the point where you want to create a break point. Next, a break point is created. Click each time you click, a break point is created. Hold down the Ctrl key while drawing the line. If the two objects you want to connect, are not in a straight line relative to each other, a break point is created automatically. TIP: By clicking on an existing break point while holding down the Ctrl key, you can remove it again. However, the break point will also automatically disappear when you straighten the line on the break point. If you want the tool to automatically create angles in a line when you draw a relation, use the function Specifying the line curvature At the graphics options you can specify whether the break points in relations must be right-angled or curved with the Use line curves check box. If the box is selected, the break points will be curved, if the box is clear, right angles are used. Below are two examples: 142

143 Figure 5.43 Right-angled break point (left) and curved break point (right) Using junctions In the ArchiMate language all relations are categorized into two categories: structural relations and behavioral relations. Examples of structural relations are specialization and aggregation; the behavioral relations are flow and trigger. By using these behavioral relations you can model the dynamics of the enterprise architecture, for example process handling in the business layer and data flows within the application layer. Branches (splits) in triggering and flow could be modeled in one of two ways: Figure 5.44 Relations without junction (left) and with AND junction (right) At the left, the process Pay as well as the process Inform customer can only take place if Accept claim has been finished completely. At the right, the same has been modeled and in addition to this the black square (the so-called AND junction) indicates that both Pay and Inform customer take place if Accept claim has completed. Besides the AND junction the OR junction is also available. I it indicates that only one of the outgoing branches actually takes place. The AND junction and the OR junction are used to model both splits and joins. 143

144 Creating relations via the cross-reference table Relations can also be created without drawing them explicitly. This is possible by using the Relation Cross-Reference table, in which you can create and remove relations. This way relations are created without being drawn in a view. When the related objects are subsequently dragged onto a view, the relations will also be drawn and become visible. For more information on working with the table, see Relation Cross-Reference table Navigating to the end points of a relation Relations created between objects are shown in the diagram or view, and in the model browser. When viewing a relation in the model browser, both its end points are also shown, indicating the two objects the relation connects. When expanding a relation, the end points are presented as links. These links are available in all relations, including cross-model relations. You can easily navigate to an end point by clicking the link. Figure 5.45 End point links in a relation If you click a link, the respective object is highlighted in the model browser, and the diagram or view where the object is used is opened highlighting the 144

145 object. The latter will not happen if the object is not used in any diagram or view Adding cross-model relations When your model package has models of different metamodels, it is possible to create cross-model relations between elements in these models. Example The business process "Handle claim" in an ArchiMate model has a more detailed model in an Amber model, it is refined in the Amber sub-process "Claim handling". Cross-model relations can be created by adding a refinement relation between the two. To create a cross-model relation, do the following: 1. In the model browser, right-click the element in the model you want to add cross-model relations for, and click Add cross-model relation. 2. In the Add cross-model relation window, select the relation type you want to add and click OK. 145

146 3. Select the element in another model (of another metamodel) where the relation must be linked to and click OK. The created cross-model relation can be found in the model browser, in the Cross-model relations folder. 146

147 Navigating to end points When expanding a cross-model relation, links to both its end points (objects) are shown. If you click a link, the respective object is highlighted in the model browser, and the diagram or view where the object is used is opened highlighting the object. The latter will not happen if the object is not used in any diagram or view. Profiles Note that if one of the models uses specific profiles created by your organization, these profiles need to be available within Enterprise Studio. If you want this information to be copied into the other model, you need corresponding profiles for this other model as well and they need to be consistent. Preferably, consult the application manager. 5.5 Documentation and references In Enterprise Studio you can easily document your process and refer to other objects, documents or intranet sites Documentation All elements of a model package, including the diagrams and views and even models, can be documented. It is registered in the Documentation window. 147

148 To add documentation, just click an element in the model browser or active diagram or view that needs to be documented, and type the text in the Documentation pane. You can also copy and paste text from other Office programs (Word, PowerPoint, Excel, etc.). Figure 5.46 Documentation for an ArchiMate object Documentation text formatting By using the commands in the Font group on the Home ribbon tab you can format the texts in the Documentation window, for instance fonts, styles and alignment. The standard font for documentation can be set at the. 148

149 Find and replace in documentation You can find and/or replace text in a documentation field by clicking Home > Findin the ribbon, or pressing Ctrl+F (find) or Ctrl+H (find and replace). This opens the following window: Restoring default documentation values Your model may contain reference objects. You can remove the documentation specifically written for this references, and refer again to the referred object. To do this, select the specific object reference drawn on the view and activate the Documentation pane. Next, right-click the Documentation pane and click Reset to default values. Consequently, the referred object's documentation is shown. The function only resets the documentation tab in which the cursor was placed. If there are several documentation tabs, you can reset all tabs at once via Reset all to default values. Note: Clearing a documentation field by simply removing the text is will not suffice. Use the options to restore the documentation field. Attention: Reference objects of items, data types and UML classes in Amber models may contain object-specific documentation. Resetting to the default value may have a different effect. 149

150 Defining your own documentation fields You can define your own documentation fields. By default almost all objects in a model have a documentation field Documentation. You can add additional documentation fields per object type by creating custom documentation fields using the Metamodeler. Documentation fields are always alphabetically sorted. Figure 5.47 Example of additional documentation fields References In documentation fields and profiles you can include references (hyperlinks) to websites, external files and other elements in the model package, but also links to send an message. If you report your model in HTML, your web browser will show any hyperlinks attached to your model elements. Then name of the reference is used to represent the link within a generated HTML report. Any links created can later be viewed and easily be maintained using the. References in documentation To create a reference in a documentation field, follow these steps: 1. Place the cursor in the documentation field and press Ctrl+K, or click (Insert link) in the Font group on the Home ribbon tab. You can also select a text in the documentation field and then press Ctrl+K. The link editor appears. 150

151 2. In the link editor, specify the details of the reference. 3. Optional: If you create a reference to a file, and the file is of a graphical format, then you can choose to embed the file by selecting the Embed target in reports check box. If embedded, the actual picture instead of the link will be added to the report when you create an HTML report of the model. 4. Click OK when you are finished. References in profiles Besides in documentation, hyperlinks can be added to almost all objects. You can use these to refer to documents that have to be used while performing a particular action. You can also refer to intranet or Internet addresses. To add a reference to a model element, follow these steps: 1. In the diagram, view or model browser, select the object to which you want to add a reference. 2. Go to the object's the Properties window and on the Properties tab, expand Basic profile and then references. 151

152 3. Double-click on link. The link editor appears. 4. In the link editor, specify the details of the reference. 5. Optional: If you create a reference to a file, and the file is of a graphical format, then you can choose to embed the file by selecting the Embed target in reports check box. If embedded, the actual picture instead of the link will be added to the report when you create an HTML report of the model. 6. Click OK when you are finished. 152

153 5.6 Comparing models or model packages Two models or model packages can be compared. The compare function assumes that the selected two models or model packages are derived from each other. When for example, you have made some changes to a model that has been created from an existing model, then these changes can be shown when this model is compared with the original model. You can compare models within the same model package, but also two models in different model packages. Make sure the model package(s) containing the models you want to compare are open before comparing the models, otherwise the Compare function won't be available. This also applies to comparing model packages; both packages need to be open before you can start comparing them Comparing models To compare two models, follow these steps: 1. In the model browser, select the model you want to compare to another model. 2. On the View tab, in the Analysis group, click Compare. 3. In the Compare Models window, select the model you want to compare to, and click OK. It may be another model in the same model package, 153

154 or a model in another model package. As a result, the Compare Models window shows an overview of the changes that have been made in the selected model (To) compared to the model you selected in the model browser (From). Expand a model to view the changes. If you want to see the comparison in the reversed direction, you can change the direction of the comparison. 154

155 The results can also be presented in the Worksets window Comparing model packages To compare two model packages, follow these steps: 1. In the model browser, select the model package you want to compare to another model package. 2. On the View tab, in the Analysis group, click Compare. 155

156 3. In the Compare Model Packages window, select the model package you want to compare to, and click OK. As a result, the Compare Model Packages window shows an overview of the changes that have been made in the selected model package (To) compared to the model package you selected in the model browser (From). Expand a model package to view the changes. If you want to see the comparison in the reversed direction, you can change the direction of the comparison. 156

157 The results can also be presented in the Worksets window Display of changes in the comparison The results of a model (package) comparison are presented in a tree structure. It only shows those elements that contain changes. Any changes made to the object or any of its children are displayed at the location where the object is moved to. This way the tree structure follows the organization of the right model (package) in the chosen direction. 157

158 Icons in front of the model (package) components indicate the type of change: added element deleted element, profile, or profile attribute value moved element message If a view contains only graphic changes, it is indicated with the message "This view has graphic changes" below the element in the list. Additionally, messages can be present for changed names for example. 158

159 5.6.4 Changing the direction of the comparison If you want to change the direction in which the two models or model packages are compared, click Swap at the top of the compare window. The list of changes is automatically updated and the changes are tailored to the comparison. When for example an object is added in the comparison in one direction, it will be considered as deleted in the reversed comparison Showing the comparison results in a workset If you want the results of the comparison to be presented in the Worksets window, click the Compare to workset button at the bottom of the compare window. The data will be presented in a list. Figure 5.48 Example of comparison results in a workset 5.7 Showing possible relations in a diagram or view This functionality does only apply to ArchiMate, ERD, and UML models. In order to find out which relations are possible in the active diagram or view, click on the diagram or view in the model browser or click in the open diagram or view, and do as follows: On the View tab, in the Analysis group, click Show Relations. 159

160 Next, an overview is presented showing all relations in the model that can be shown in the active diagram or view. With this, a distinction is made between relations already shown and relations not shown (yet). You can add the latter to the diagram or view by selecting the relations of interest and clicking Add to view. Figure 5.49 Overview of relations 5.8 Profiles and properties An element's profile is formed by a collection of properties of that element you can assign values to. A basic profile, with general properties like name and documentation, is assigned to every object. Next to this basic profile, you can assign additional profiles to objects. This allows you to specify specific element properties that are needed for specific type of analysis for example. 160

161 Adding and removing profiles can be done on the Profiles tab of the Properties window. In this window the profiles that can be assigned are listed. The profiles with a check mark have already been assigned. By selecting the Apply recursively on contents check box, you can recursively assign a profile to all model elements within the selection. Via the Properties tab of the Properties window the properties of the profiles can be read and changed. In the Properties window the properties are grouped per profile. By clicking a plus sign in front of a profile name, you can view the properties of that profile. The basic profiles contain all properties that are assigned to an object by default. You do not need to assign the basic profile yourself. TIP: You can change the profiles or properties of more than one object at the same time by selecting all objects and then modify the required properties in the Properties window or by using the Property table Defining and using your own profiles Enterprise Studio allows you to define your own profiles and use them. With this possibility you can define and use new properties in a model. Enterprise Studio will report these self-defined profiles in the same way as the standard profiles, and also views (view filters) on these profiles are possible. This 161

162 mechanism can be useful in a project, department or organization to define and use certain properties not available in the standard profiles. Defining profiles Defining your own profiles is not technically complex, but can have major consequences, for example for compatibility with new releases and possible conflicts with existing profiles. The use of self-defined profiles within an organization requires mutual agreements within the organization. Contact your application administrator for these issues. Detailed information about defining your own profiles can be found in the Enterprise Studio configuration guide. Using profiles Normally Enterprise Studio looks for profiles and other configuration in the configuration folder in its installation folder. You can let Enterprise Studio read its configuration from an alternative folder, which typically is an adapted copy of the original one. To specify this folder, select the folder with the custom configuration in the Configuration box of the configuration options. This folder can be on a network location, so that it can be shared among users Missing profile definitions When exchanging models it is important that all users use the same profile definitions, to prevent loss of information. Enterprise Studio will usually give a warning if the appropriate definitions of profiles or profile attributes are not available. Note that mostly it will not detect version differences between profile definitions. Assignments of missing profiles are automatically removed from the model, resulting in loss of model information. If you would like to keep this information, then you should close the model without saving changes, restore the profile definitions and reopen the model in a new Enterprise Studio session. Assignments of missing profile attributes you must remove explicitly before you will be able to open and edit the model. You should only do this when the 162

163 information in these profiles is not valuable anymore because this information will be lost when removing these profiles. When the information needs to be preserved, the profile definitions need to be restored first. Enterprise Studio will keep refusing to open the model until the unknown attributes have been removed or the missing profile definitions have been restored. 5.9 Using worksets In Enterprise Studio you can use worksets. A workset is a temporary set of data (like for example a list of processes) that is generated in response to a performed operation. Worksets appear in their tabs in the Worksets pane. This window appears when a workset is generated, for example when the results of a search operation are presented in the Worksets pane. Figure 5.50 Results of a search operation in the Worksets window A workset can be used as a starting point for other actions, for example to start a new search on the objects to refine a search, or to generate a view. 163

164 The operations can be performed on part of the data or on the entire data set. To perform an action, first select the desired data in the workset, then rightclick the selection and click the operation you want to perform. Every time a workset is generated, it is added to the Worksets pane. This way the window can have multiple worksets at the same time. Each workset appears as a tab in the window. The worksets as well as the data within them are not part of the model. Meaning that if you have created a new workset by means of a search, the model has not been changed. Consequently, the results will not be saved when saving the model. Next time Enterprise Studio is started, this search result will not be available anymore. Locating elements in the workset If you want to know where an element of the workset is located in the model, double-click the element in the list. Next, the diagram or view the elements is used in opens with the element highlighted. The element is also shown in the model browser. Refreshing a workset To refresh the data of a workset, right-click the workset tab and click Refresh workset. Next, the latest data is retrieved. Removing a workset To remove a workset from the worksets window, right-click the workset tab and click Delete workset. If you want to remove all present worksets at the same time, click Delete all worksets. Copying workset data The contents of the Worksets pane can be used in other external applications like Microsoft Excel. To do this, select the cells you want to copy, and press Ctrl+C. The data is copied to the Windows clipboard. Paste the data in the external application. 164

165 6 Tables in Enterprise Studio Enterprise Studio enables an easy way of editing, presenting and reporting data using tables. The following sections discuss general operations that can be performed on (most of) the tables. 6.1 Available types of tables The following tables are available in Enterprise Studio. Click on a table for more information. Property table for showing and editing properties of multiple objects simultaneously. Actor table for easily assigning (inter)actions to actors. Only available to Amber models. Link table for viewing and correcting references and links present in a model. Translation table for adding multiple languages to a model and translating all parts of the model that are language-dependent. CRUD matrix for viewing and editing item relations in the context of being created (C), read (R), updated (U) or deleted (D). Only available to Amber models. Profile Cross-Reference table for viewing and editing cross-references between different types of objects based on profile definitions. Relation Cross-Reference table for viewing and editing cross-references between different types of objects based on the (graphical) relations that are created when drawing relations in a view. Cross-Model Relation Cross-Reference table for viewing and editing crossreferences between different types of objects based on cross-model relations that are created when drawing relations in a view. 6.2 Defining the selection of a table To keep the size of the Link table and CRUD matrix (only available to Amber models) limited and manageable, the range of the rows and columns of a 165

166 table can be restricted to the active diagram or the current selection. If you select active diagram, all parts of the active diagram or view are shown in the table. This is also the default scope. If you set the scope to current selection, the table or matrix shows the links that are present in the currently selected element. For example, if the focus is on a single object in the active view, the table shows the data belonging to that object. If there is no information available, the table remains empty. When you change the scope and close the table, Enterprise Studio remembers the scope you last used. This scope will be used the next time you open the table. (Parts of) hierarchical models can be by clicking the + or sign in a table row or column. 6.3 Table sorting Tables are sorted on number by default (the first column of the table). By clicking the name of a column (for instance the name column) the table is resorted on that property. 6.4 Displayed table information In the Property table, Actor table (only Amber models), and cross-reference tables it is possible to customize the information displayed in the table by using the table's context menu. The menu contains a number of different options for this. Which options are available depends on the type of table and the location in the table's grid where you right-click to open the context menu. The possible options are shown below: Option Show no containers Function Containers are all model components containing components and that way form a container like models and folders. This option hides all models, folders and layers. The table shows only the flat list of 166

167 Option Show only model containers Show model and layer containers Show model browser Expand Expand to non-empty rows and columns Hide empty rows and columns Show all hidden rows and columns Show all hidden columns Hide all columns except this one Show all hidden rows Function objects. Only shows the models and objects. Layers and folders are hidden. Shows the models, layers and objects. Shows the complete structure of data. Initially, the models and model components are collapsed presented in the table. Use this option to expand the entire structure of data. All data will be shown. Initially, the model components are collapsed presented in the table. With this option, the existing components are expanded in such a way that all rows and columns that are (partially) filled, are displayed. Any possible following empty rows and columns will not be expanded. If all rows and columns in the table are empty, then the table is completely collapsed. Leaves out the empty rows and columns from the table. Shows all columns and rows you have previously hidden, in the table again. Shows all columns you have previously hidden, in the table again. Only leaves the columns visible in which you have clicked, the remaining columns are not displayed. Shows all rows you have previously 167

168 Option Hide all rows except this one Show flat grid (non-empty rows and columns) Show hierarchical grid Function hidden, in the table again. Only leaves the rows visible in which you have clicked, the remaining rows are not displayed. Only shows the lowest level model components in the table. The hierarchical position of the components in the model is no longer visible. This option is only available if you previously have activated the option Show flat grid (non-empty rows and columns). With this option, the full model hierarchy is again shown in the table. 6.5 Printing and copying table data A table can be printed by clicking Print in the table. By first making a selection in the table, and then clicking Copy or Copy+ the table selection can be copied to the Windows clipboard, respectively without and with the table's header and fixed row lines. By using the general Windows paste function (Ctrl+V), the table can be pasted to any Office application, like Word, Excel or PowerPoint. To print or copy only a part of the table, first select a part of the table. 6.6 Reporting table data The Property table and the cross-reference tables can also be reported directly to Word and HTML. You can select the tables you want to include when reporting the model. It can be done on the Tables tab of the. 168

169 6.7 Actor table This table is only available to Amber models. The Actor table can be used to easily assign (inter)actions to actors. To open the Actor table, do as follows: On the Amber tab, in the Edit group, click Actor Table. The Actor table is a cross-reference table as shown below: Figure 6.1 Example of an Actor table 169

170 The rows correspond to actions and sub-processes in the model, the columns correspond to actors, roles, functions, etc. You can modify the Actor table in two ways: click a single cell select multiple cells, and then click Check or Uncheck. Note that you can easily select all cells in a row or column by clicking on the row or column header. When removing a check mark in a cell, the specific profile reference will be deleted. When placing a check mark in a cell, a profile reference between two objects is created. Changing displayed table information By using the table's context menu you can change the information that is shown in the table, for example hide all empty rows and columns. To open the context menu, right click a random cell in the table. Which functions are available, depends on the location in the table where you click. For additional information about the available functions in the context menu, see Displayed table information. 6.8 CRUD matrix This table is only available to Amber models. Item relations indicate which actions use which items. The item relation describes whether an item is created (C), read (R), updated (U) or deleted (D). These so-called CRUD relations are often represented in a matrix: the CRUD matrix. The CRUD matrix in Enterprise Studio can be viewed and modified. To open the CRUD matrix, follow these steps: 170

171 1. In the model browser, select the model of which you want to view the item relations. 2. On the Amber tab, in the Edit group, click CRUD Matrix. A matrix is generated showing the item relations that are present in the active diagram. Figure 6.2 Example of a CRUD matrix By default, the scope of the table is set to active diagram. If desired you can set the scope to current selection. For more information, see Defining the selection of a table Editing the CRUD matrix In this matrix you can edit the type of item relation using the keyboard by typing a C, R, U and/or D in a table cell. The corresponding arrow in the process or actor diagram is also automatically modified. The matrix can also be printed or copied to any other (Office) application. Note: You can only edit existing item relations in the CRUD matrix. Adding new relations is not possible; they need to be drawn in the diagram first. 171

172 6.9 Link table If a model contains references or links to documents, websites, etc., an overview of these references can be obtained via the Link table. These include all types of references, both references in the "references" property in the basic profile of activities and actors, and references included in documentation fields and the like. To open the Link table, follow these steps: 1. In the model browser, select the model of which you want to view the references. 2. On the Home tab, in the Tables group, click Link Table. A table is generated showing the links that are present in the active diagram. Figure 6.3 Example of a Link table By default, the scope of the table is set to active diagram. If desired you can set the scope to current selection. For more information, see Defining the selection of a table. The attribute column in the table shows the type of reference: references linked to model components (references), or references created in the documentation of model components (documentation). The link column shows the reference target: a file, website, message, or model object. 172

173 6.9.1 Editing the Link table You can edit the links in the table by double-clicking a record in the table. The Link window appears in which you can make the desired changes. For more information about editing links, see References. If changes to references have been made outside the table, so in the model, you can use the Refresh button to update the table Property table With the Property table it is possible to show and to edit properties of more objects simultaneously. To open the Property table, follow these steps: 1. On the Home tab, in the Tables group, click Property Table, or press Ctrl+Shift+T. 2. In the Property table window, select the properties you want to include in the table. 173

174 By double-clicking a property (attribute) or by using the arrow keys in the middle of the selection window you can add a column with that property to the Property table and determine the order of the properties. Note: Selecting attributes can be metamodel transcendent. It means that when you select an attribute that is available in multiple metamodels, the attribute will be included for each metamodel that is available in the model package. An attribute that is available in multiple metamodels can be recognized by an asterisk (*). 3. Click OK. The result of the selection is a table. Each table row corresponds to an object, as shown below. 174

175 Figure 6.4 Property table with results of the selection Editing the table Editing the contents of the table is possible by (double-)clicking the cells. With the Modify table button you can change the columns in the table. By selecting the Landscape colors check box the table shows the color of the selected property. By default, the relations present in the selected (part of the) model package are not shown in the table. By selecting the Show relations check box you can make the relations visible again. By using the table's context menu you can change the information that is shown in the table, for example hide all empty rows and columns. To open the context menu, right click a random cell in the table. Which functions are available, depends on the location in the table where you click. For additional information about the available functions in the context menu, see Displayed table information Searching the table To search for data in the table, every attribute column in the table has a search box available. Here you can type a search text. After you have filled 175

176 out a search text and pressed Enter, the results are shown in the table. Only the rows that match the entered search text(s) are shown. To make all rows visible again, delete the search text(s). When searching the table, you can use the search options to determine which results will be shown. If you click Match all search texts, only the rows are shown that fully match all entered search texts. If you click Match one or more search texts, the rows only need to match part of the entered search text(s) in order to be shown Saving the table as viewpoint A table can be saved as viewpoint for later use or load a previously stored table. When you create a new table, it will automatically be added to the list of unsaved viewpoints in the Viewpoints pane. In order to save the table right-click the table in the list and click Save in model. Next, select the location in the model where you want to store the table. Now the table is placed in the list with saved viewpoints. In order to load a stored table you just click the respective viewpoint in the viewpoints list. It is also possible to include Property table viewpoints in your HTML and Word reports. For more information about this, please refer to the Reporting And Printing Guide (PDF) Exporting table data The data from the table can be exported to a CSV file (comma separated values). You can use the Export button for this. When the export is completed, the folder is shown in which the export file is stored. The separator sign that used in the export file depends on the separator sign that is set by Windows. Only the data shown in the table are exported. If you have filtered out the relationships or filtered the table by search texts, the data that are filtered out will not be included in the export. 176

177 6.11 Translation table A model is created in the default language that is defined at the general options. Through the Translation table multiple languages can be added to a model so that the model can be presented in multiple languages. The Translation table offers the possibility to translate all parts of a model that are language-dependent in multiple languages (names of objects, documentation, specific properties, folder names, etc.). To open the Translation table, do as follows: On the Home tab, in the Language group, click Translation Table. The table provides an overview of the contents of the model package component that is currently selected in the model browser. It may be the entire model package, but also for instance a single model, a view or diagram, of even a single object. Figure 6.5 Translation table with ArchiMate objects The list at the top left of the table window shows the property of the model elements to be translated. By default, the name is selected here. Usually the names of the elements will be translated, but it is also possible to translate other properties of the elements. In that case, select a different value in the list. 177

178 With the Print, Copy and Copy + buttons you can print and copy (parts of) the table data for use in external applications Adding a new language In order to be able to add translations the Translation table must contain more than one language. For each additional language a separate column is included in which translations can be entered. To add a new language, click Add language. Then choose the desired language. Using the contents of an existing language When adding a new language you are given the option to copy the contents of an existing language to the new language. This can be useful. The new language will already be filled with values and can be translated later. That way your model will in any case have not any missing texts in the new language. If you do not use the content of an existing language, the new language will have no values yet. Adding translations You can add translations for the existing terms in the available languages. To add a translation, click in a cell of the language column and type the text. You can also double-click in a cell. In that case a separate input window appears in which you enter the translation Changing the default language When adding translations to the table, you may want to give the model a different default language than the current default language. To change the default language of the model, click Default language and select the desired language. You can choose from the languages that are available in the Translation table. The language that is set as the default language has an asterisk next to its name in the column title Removing a language To remove a language from the table, click Remove language and select the desired language. You can choose from the languages that are available in 178

179 the table. You cannot remove the default language. To be able to do this, you first need to set another language as the default language Active language The Active Language list in the Language group on the Home ribbon tab allows you to select the active model language. If multiple languages have been added to the model, they can be selected in this list. The model is presented and reported in the active language Cross-Model Relation Cross-Reference table When a model package has models of different metamodels, it is possible that there are cross-model relations between elements in these models. Such relations can also be shown and edited in a table. To open the cross-reference table for cross-model relations, follow these steps: 1. In the model browser, select the model for which you want to view the cross-model relations. 2. On the Home tab, in the Tables group, click Cross-Reference Table, and then click Cross-Model Relations. 3. In the Cross-Model Relations window, in Via column, the select the types of relations which are to be shown in the table. 179

180 When you enter the selection window, the selection settings from the last time are displayed. To clear all the selected items in one operation, click Deselect all. That way you can easily create a new selection. 4. In From and To, select from and to what types of objects the chosen relations need to be leading. 5. Click OK. A new cross-model relation cross-reference table like below opens: 180

181 Figure 6.6 Example of a generated cross-model relation cross-reference table Swapping rows and columns The components selected in the From column of the table selection window, form the rows of the table, the components from the To column form the table columns. If you want the data to be presented in the table in the opposite way, select the Swap rows and columns check box. The components from the From column will be shown in the table columns, the components from the To column will be shown in the table rows Saving a table as viewpoint You can save a table as viewpoint for later use or load a previously stored table. To save the table as viewpoint, follow these steps: 1. In the selection window, click Save as viewpoint. 181

182 2. In the Save query window, select the location in the model where you want to store the table, and type the name for the viewpoint in Save under name. 3. Click Save. The table is added to the list of saved viewpoints in the Viewpoints pane. Figure 6.7 Viewpoints pane with a saved viewpoint In order to load a stored table, just click the respective viewpoint in the viewpoints overview. You can also include Cross-Model Relation Cross-Reference table viewpoints in your HTML and RTF reports. For more information about this, please refer to reporting tables and reporting viewpoints Editing the cross-reference table You can modify the generated cross-reference table in two ways: by single clicking a single cell or by selecting multiple cells and then select the Check or Uncheck check box. You can easily select all cells in a row or column by clicking on the row or column header. If several relation types have been selected in the table selection window and more than one type is possible to create, the tool will create (if applicable) the preferred relation. 182

183 By removing a check mark (X) in a cell, you can delete the specific relation cross-reference. By clicking in a cell and adding a check mark, you can create a cross-model relation cross-reference between two objects. This relation will not immediately be shown in any view. The relation will become visible in a view as soon as one of its end-points or the relation itself is dragged from the model browser into a view Displaying additional information It is possible to display additional information in the Cross-Model Relation Cross-Reference table by using the different options at the bottom of the table window. The title of the table indicates which additional information is shown. Edit/show attribut Instead of check marks (X), the description of a selected attribute of the relation is displayed. The attribute is chosen in the window that appears after you have selected the check box. The cell also gets a color. If the chosen attribute does not have a result, the cells remain empty. Show why in cells Instead of check marks (X), the names of the specific relations between the components are displayed in the table cells. If possible the name is shown, otherwise the relation type is shown. Labels Displays properties (attributes) of your own choice shown in labels. Instead of a check mark (X) or the description of the relation, the table cells show the description of the selected properties. The properties are selected in the window that appears after you have selected the check box. Landscape colors Displays properties (attributes) of your own choice shown in colors. To the right of the table a legend is shown containing the descriptions of the 183

184 selected properties, each value with its own color. The table cells with check marks are displayed in the color corresponding to the related description in the legend. The properties are selected in the window that appears after you have selected the check box. If you combine this check box with the Labels check box, no legend is shown. Instead the labels are shown in the table cells in color. Changing displayed table information By using the table's context menu you can change the information that is shown in the table, for example hide all empty rows and columns. To open the context menu, right click a random cell in the table. Which functions are available, depends on the location in the table where you click. For additional information about the available functions in the context menu, see Displayed table information Profile Cross-Reference table Between different elements in a model certain cross-references may exist, as defined in the underlying profile definitions. Examples are the application description profile or cross-references between different types of objects (a business function is supported by applications). Cross-references like these are noted by Enterprise Studio and by using a cross-reference table you can edit them. To open the Profile Cross-Reference table, follow these steps: 1. On the Home tab, in the Tables group, click Cross-Reference Table, and then click Profiles. 2. In the Select Attribute window, select the desired profile and its attribute. 184

185 3. Click OK. The cross-reference table appears. Parts of rows and columns can be collapsed based on the hierarchical structure of the model. When new cross-references are added to profiles, the corresponding table is automatically added Defining cross-references for principles As an example of application, the cross-reference table can be used to define relations between ArchiMate principles (modeled within the architecture principles) and the enterprise architecture (business processes, applications, etc.). Open a cross-reference table and select the profile attribute Basic Profile > Related principles. 185

186 Figure 6.8 Example of a profile cross-reference table Changing displayed table information By using the table's context menu you can change the information that is shown in the table, for example hide all empty rows and columns. To open the context menu, right click a random cell in the table. Which functions are available, depends on the location in the table where you click. For additional information about the available functions in the context menu, see Displayed table information Editing the table You can modify the table in two ways: by single clicking a single cell or by selecting multiple cells and then select the Check or Uncheck check box. You can easily select all cells in a row or column by clicking on the row or column header. 186

187 By removing a check mark (X) in a cell, you can delete the specific profile cross-reference. By clicking in a cell and adding a check mark, you can create a profile cross-reference between two objects Relation Cross-Reference table Between different elements of a model there may be cross-references, based on the (graphical) relations that are created when drawing relations in a view. An example is the assignment relation between ArchiMate roles and processes. Such relations can also be shown and edited in a table. To open the Relation Cross-Reference table, follow these steps: 1. In the model browser, select the model for which you want to view the relations. 2. On the Home tab, in the Tables group, click Cross-Reference Table, and then click Relations. 3. In the Relations window, in the Via column, select the types of relations which are to be shown in the table. 187

188 When you enter the selection window, the selection settings from the last time are displayed. To clear all the selected items in one operation, click Deselect all. That way you can easily create a new selection. 4. In From and To, select from and to what types of objects the chosen relations need to be leading. 5. Click OK. A new relation cross-reference table like below opens: Figure 6.9 Example of a generated relation cross-reference table Swapping rows and columns The components selected in the From column of the table selection window, form the rows of the table, the components from the To column form the table columns. If you want the data to be presented in the table in the opposite way, select the Swap rows and columns check box. The components 188

189 from the From column will be shown in the table columns, the components from the To column will be shown in the table rows Saving a table as viewpoint You can save a table as viewpoint for later use or load a previously stored table. To save the table as viewpoint, follow these steps: 1. In the selection window, click Save as viewpoint. 2. In the Save query window, select the location in the model where you want to store the table, and type the name for the viewpoint in Save under name. 3. Click Save. The table is added to the list of saved viewpoints in the Viewpoints pane. In order to load a stored table, just click the respective viewpoint in the viewpoints overview. You can also include Relation Cross-Reference table viewpoints in your HTML and RTF reports. For more information about this, please refer to reporting tables and reporting viewpoints. 189

190 Editing the cross-reference table This functionality does NOT apply to Amber models. You can modify the generated cross-reference table in two ways: by single clicking a single cell or by selecting multiple cells and then select the Check or Uncheck check box. You can easily select all cells in a row or column by clicking on the row or column header. If several relation types have been selected in the table selection window and more than one type is possible to create, the tool will create (if applicable) the preferred relation. By removing a check mark (X) in a cell, you can delete the specific relation cross-reference. By clicking in a cell and adding a check mark, you can create a relation cross-reference between two objects. This relation will not immediately be shown in any view. The relation will become visible in a view as soon as one of its end-points or the relation itself is dragged from the model browser into a view Displaying additional information It is possible to display additional information in the Relation Cross- Reference table by using the different options at the bottom of the table window. Edit/show attribut Instead of check marks (X), the description of a selected attribute of the relation is displayed. The attribute is chosen in the window that appears after you have selected the check box. The cell also gets a color. If the chosen attribute does not have a result, the cells remain empty. Show why in cells Instead of check marks (X), the names of the specific relations between the components are displayed in the table cells. If possible the name is shown, otherwise the relation type is shown. Labels Displays properties (attributes) of your own choice shown in labels. Instead of a check mark (X) or the description of the relation, the table cells show 190

191 the description of the selected properties. The properties are selected in the window that appears after you have selected the check box. Landscape colors Displays properties (attributes) of your own choice shown in colors. To the right of the table a legend is shown containing the descriptions of the selected properties, each value with its own color. The table cells with check marks are displayed in the color corresponding to the related description in the legend. The properties are selected in the window that appears after you have selected the check box. If you combine this check box with the Labels check box, no legend is shown. Instead the labels are shown in the table cells in color. The title of the table indicates which additional information is shown. In the example below, a cross-reference table is shown in which its cells show the "type" attribute. 191