From EAD to Linked Data
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1 From EAD to Linked Data UCL, Friday 9 March 2012 Pete Johnston
2 From EAD to Linked Data Resource Description Framework Linked Data From EAD to Linked Data: the LOCAH project Archival description, EAD, & Linked Data
3 Resource Description Framework
4 Resource Description Framework A way to model data Assertions/statements of relationships between two things Triples: subject, predicate, object Moss Hall Nursery School covers-phase-of-education Nursery
5 RDF: triples and URIs Triples: use URIs as words /names of things < < phaseofeducation> < PhaseOfEducation_Nursery>
6 RDF: triples and URIs In RDF syntaxes, URIs often abbreviated school: edu:phaseofeducation edu:phaseofeducation_nursery
7 RDF: triples as links A triple is a link between two things school: edu:phaseofeducation edu: PhaseOfEducation _Nursery A triple is a typed link between two things
8 RDF: literal objects Plain literal < rdfs:label Moss Hall Nursery Typed literal < school:pfi false ^^xsd:boolean
9 RDF: literal objects Moss Hall Nursery rdfs:label school: edu:pfi false ^^xsd:boolean
10 Why RDF? Designed for the Web, open world Anyone can say anything about anything No one says everything about anything Naming with URIs/citability/linkability Extensibility/decentralisation of vocabulary Reuse of vocabulary Self-description vocabulary terms themselves described using RDF Rules for data merging/integration Formal semantics, basis for inferencing
11 Triple 1 school: edu:phaseofeducation edu: PhaseOfEducation _Nursery
12 Triples 2 & 3 Moss Hall Nursery rdfs:label school: edu:pfi false ^^xsd:boolean
13 Triples 1, 2 & 3 merged Moss Hall Nursery rdfs:label school: edu:pfi false ^^xsd:boolean edu:phaseofeducation edu: PhaseOfEducation _Nursery
14 Linked Data
15 Linked Data A set of practices for using RDF on the Web Tim Berners-Lee, Linked Data (Design Principles) Chris Bizer, Richard Cyganiak & Tom Heath, How to Publish Linked Data on the Web Tom Heath & Chris Bizer, Linked Data: Evolving the Web into a Global Data Space
16 Use URIs as names for things
17 Use http URIs So that people (and programs) can look up those names
18 When someone looks up a URI, provide useful information Thing: Document:
19 A representation useful to people
20 A representation useful to programs
21 Include links to other things So that people/programs can discover more things Triple < < parliamentaryconstituency> <
22 Data you can click on
23 Data you can click on
24 Data you can click on ﾬ
25 Why Linked Data? Benefits of RDF... Naming with URIs/citability/linkability Extensibility/decentralisation Reuse Self-description Merging/integration Inferencing with benefits of common Web technologies Decentralised naming authority Ability to dereference names, get description
26 However... New concepts, formats, tools (Re)modelling, conversion, migration Linking & identity Time, versioning & stability Trust, provenance, attribution
27 Some useful sources Tom Heath & Chris Bizer, Linked Data: Evolving the Web into a Global Data Space Yves Raimond & Michael Smethurst, A skim-read introduction to linked data Dave Reynolds, Linked data and its role in the semantic web
28 From EAD to Linked Data in the LOCAH project
29 LOCAH project Funded by JISC, August 2010-July 2011 Archives Hub Mimas, UKOLN, Eduserv, Talis, OCLC Service based on aggregation of EAD XML data Making available a small subset of EAD data from Hub as Linked Data Follow-on project, Linking Lives Application using data & investigating issues involved
30 How? Model our world Design URI patterns Select/create RDF vocabularies Design mapping of existing data to RDF Convert/transform data Generate links Publish/expose data Maintain/sustain
31 Model our world What are the things we want to describe? What do we want to say about them? What are the relationships between them? Similar to entity-relational approach
32 Model EAD's world What are the things EAD enables us to describe? What does EAD enable us to say about them? What does EAD enable us to say about relationships between them? bearing in mind how similar data is modelled/expressed in RDF
33 Caveats! A first cut... A partial view... A shallow view... Liable to change (still)... Based on EAD as used within the Archives Hub No formal status Not a definitive solution to EAD as RDF!
34
35
36 Archival description data you can click on
37 Archival Resource: Shackleton Collection
38 Concept: NRA/Shackleton
39 Person: Shackleton
40 VIAF: Person: Shackleton
41 Dbpedia: Person: Shackleton
42 Archival description data you can merge with other data
43 Biography Builder App
44 Archival description, EAD, & Linked Data
45 Archival Description ISAD(G) (mostly) specifies the structure of a class of documents (mostly) focuses on presentation to human reader EAD specifies how document structure can be encoded, represented using XML specifies structure of a class of XML documents
46 <ead> <eadheader> <eadid countrycode= GB mainagencycode= 96 >GB 96 ABC</eadid> </eadheader> <archdesc level= fonds > <did> <unitid countrycode= GB repositorycode= 96 >GB 96 ABC</unitid> </did> <scopecontent>...</scopecontent> <dsc> <c level= series > <did> <unitid>...</unitid> </did> </c> </dsc> </archdesc> </ead>
47 EAD Designed to cover many cases Hierarchy and non-repetition/inheritance Flexible, permissive Implicit, ambiguous? Linking? Between (parts of) documents Typed linking? e.g. relatedmaterial/archref Document-centric v data-centric aspects (EAC more data-centric)
48 EAD Mark Matienzo Linked Data and Archival Description: Confluences, Contingencies & Conflicts Archives & the Semantic Web Learning to Take, Learning to Give: Linking as Repurposing Metadata
49 EAD in the Archives Hub Aggregated data from multiple providers Central aggregation, plus distributed spokes EAD guidelines for Hub EAD editor for Hub Some proprietary conventions
50 However... Some structural variation Encoding of/for presentation origination v controlaccess/persname unitid as note re former reference Inconsistency in use of key elements/attributes unitid unitid /@countrycode unitid /@repositorycode unitid /@identifier
51 From EAD to Linked Data Nature of EAD, flexibility of EAD Hub as aggregation, provider variations Document tree v relations between things LOCAH work experimental But hopefully an illustration of possibilities Further challenges Versioning, workflows, persistence Trust, provenance, metadata
52 From EAD to Linked Data UCL, Friday 9 March 2012 Pete Johnston
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