extensible Markup Language (XML)

Transcription

1 Berne University of Applied Sciences School of Engineering and Information Technology E. Benoist August-September 2006 Bibliography: java.sun.com, Collections Framework 1

2 XML Syntax Definitions Examples XML Shemas Simple element Define an Attribute XSLT - X-Path Parsing a DOM 2

3 extensible Markup Language - XML What? Markup language (like HTML) isued by the w3 consortium Contains tags: <value font="ttt" size="1"> </value> What for? For displaying pages on the web (not much). Used to communicate, configure, transfer... Base of most of the new layer 7 protocols. Example: Web Services (SOAP and WSDL). XML Syntax: Definitions 3

4 Syntax Two types of tags: Tags in two parts <value>xxx</value> Single tags <value/> Tags can contain attributes (in small letters) <value size="10" length="20"/> XML Syntax: Definitions 4

5 A very simple file <?xml version= 1.0?> <course > <title name= testname >XSL</title> <author>emmanuel Benoist</author> <forms> <subform name= 1 >Subform A</subform> <subform name= 2 >Subform B</subform> <subform name= 3 >Subform C</subform> <subform name= 4 >Subform D</subform> </forms> </course> XML Syntax: Examples 5

6 Describes the Structure of a Document Diagnostic Mister John Smith is 28 years old touch of flu. and has got a slight HTML File corresponding Mister <b>john Smith</b> is <i>28</i> years old and has got a <b>slight touch of flu</b>. This will look like : Mister John Smith is 28 years old and has got a slight touch of flu. XML Syntax: Examples 6

7 Describes the Structure of a Document (Cont.) XML File <patient> <firstname>john </firstname> <lastname> Smith </lastname> <age>28</age> <deasese level= low >flu </desease> </patient> XML Syntax: Examples 7

8 XML Documents XML File Contains the description of the data DTD File : Document Type Definition (Not used anymore) Contains the description of the format (an XML file can only have one single DTD). XML Shema XML Describing a language. One can use many shemas for one document. XSL File : extensible Stylsheet Language Contains the way the data must be presented XML Syntax: Examples 8

9 Exemple: Web Services Two XML Formats: SOAP for the messages WSDL for the Web Service Description (Meta-Language) XML Syntax: Examples 9

10 SOAP Example SOAP Request <?xml version="1.0"?> <soap:envelope xmlns:soap=" soap:encodingstyle=" <soap:body xmlns:m=" <m:getstockprice> <m:stockname>ibm</m:stockname> </m:getstockprice> </soap:body> </soap:envelope> XML Syntax: Examples 10

11 SOAP Example (Cont.) SOAP Response <?xml version="1.0"?> <soap:envelope xmlns:soap=" soap:encodingstyle=" <soap:body xmlns:m=" <m:getstockpriceresponse> <m:price>34.5</m:price> </m:getstockpriceresponse> </soap:body> </soap:envelope> XML Syntax: Examples 11

12 Web Services Description Language - WSDL <message name="gettermrequest"> <part name="term" type="xs:string"/> </message> <message name="gettermresponse"> <part name="value" type="xs:string"/> </message> <porttype name="glossaryterms"> <operation name="getterm"> <input message="gettermrequest"/> <output message="gettermresponse"/> </operation> </porttype> <binding type="glossaryterms" name="b1"> <soap:binding style="document" transport=" /> <operation> <soap:operation soapaction=" <input> <soap:body use="literal"/> </input> <output> <soap:body use="literal"/> </output> </operation> </binding> XML Syntax: Examples 12

13 CML - Chemical Markup Language <cml id="c1" title="demo of cml subelements" xmlns:cmlr=" xmlns:cmls=" xmlns:stm=" <stm:dictionary dictref="d1" href="dict1.xml"/> <stm:unitlist dictref="u1" href="units1.xml"/> <cml> <molecule id="m1"/> </cml> <molecule id="m2" title="dummy"/> <stm:metadata/> <cmlr:reaction> <cmlr:reactantlist> <molecule id="r1"/> </cmlr:reactantlist> <cmlr:productlist> <molecule id="p1"/> </cmlr:productlist> </cmlr:reaction> <cmls:spectrum> <cmls:data> <stm:array/> <stm:array/> </cmls:data> </cmls:spectrum> <substancelist id="sublist1"/> <stm:list> <stm:scalar title="some scalar"/> </stm:list> </cml> XML Syntax: Examples 13

14 MathML - Mathematical Markup Language The following notation corresponds to this expression: x 2 + 4x + 4 = 0 <reln> <eq/> <apply> <plus/> <apply> <power/> <ci>x</ci> <cn>2</cn> </apply> <apply> <times/> <cn>4</cn> <ci>x</ci> </apply> <cn>4</cn> </apply> <cn>0</cn> </reln> XML Syntax: Examples 14

15 XHTML <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> <html xmlns=" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> <head> <title> Strict DTD XHTML Example </title> </head> <body> <p> Please Choose a Day: <br /><br /> <select name="day"> <option selected="selected">monday</option> <option>tuesday</option> <option>wednesday</option> </select> </p> </body> </html> XML Syntax: Examples 15

16 Your first DTD Document Type Definition <?xml version="1.0"?> <!DOCTYPE [ <!ELEMENT (TO, FROM, CC, SUBJECT, BODY)> <!ELEMENT TO (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT FROM (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT CC (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT SUBJECT (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT BODY (#PCDATA)> ]> < > <TO>maax@normanet.net</TO> <FROM>bie@hta-bi.bfh.ch</FROM> <CC>matth@normanet.net</CC> <SUBJECT>My First DTD</SUBJECT> <BODY>Hello, World!</BODY> </ > XML Syntax: Examples 16

17 Document Type Definition (Cont.) You can repeat elements, using Unix jockers any number, + any number but at list one? One or Zero time. <!ELEMENT (TO+, FROM, CC*, BCC*, SUBJECT?, BODY?)> Use the command!attlist to define the attributes of one TAG <!ATTLIST LANGUAGE (Western Greek Latin Universal) "Western" ENCRYPTED CDATA #IMPLIED PRIORITY (NORMAL LOW HIGH) "NORMAL"> XML Syntax: Examples 17

18 Document Type Definition (Cont.) <?xml version="1.0"?> <!DOCTYPE [ <!ELEMENT (TO+, FROM, CC*, BCC*, SUBJECT?, BODY?)> <!ATTLIST LANGUAGE (Western Greek Latin Universal) "Western" ENCRYPTED CDATA #IMPLIED PRIORITY (NORMAL LOW HIGH) "NORMAL"> <!ELEMENT TO (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT FROM (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT CC (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT BCC (#PCDATA)> <!ATTLIST BCC HIDDEN CDATA #FIXED "TRUE"> <!ELEMENT SUBJECT (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT BODY (#PCDATA)> ]>... XML Syntax: Examples 18

19 Document Type Definition (Cont.)... < LANGUAGE="Western" ENCRYPTED="128" PRIORITY="HIGH"> <SUBJECT>My Second DTD</SUBJECT> <BODY>Hello, World!</BODY> </ > XML Syntax: Examples 19

20 Document Type Definition (Cont.) The ENTITYs In XML, one can define some constants the ENTITYs. They are defined in the DTD, <!ENTITY SIGNATURE "Emmanuel"> And later used in the body of the document: <BODY> Hello, this is &SIGNATURE;. Take care, -&SIGNATURE; </BODY> XML Syntax: Examples 20

21 Document Type Definition (Cont.) <?xml version="1.0"?> <!DOCTYPE [ <!ELEMENT (TO+, FROM, CC*, BCC*, SUBJECT?, BODY?)> <!ATTLIST LANGUAGE (Western Greek Latin Universal) "Western" ENCRYPTED CDATA #IMPLIED PRIORITY (NORMAL LOW HIGH) "NORMAL"> <!ELEMENT TO (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT FROM (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT CC (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT BCC (#PCDATA)> <!ATTLIST BCC HIDDEN CDATA #FIXED "TRUE"> <!ELEMENT SUBJECT (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT BODY (#PCDATA)> <!ENTITY SIGNATURE "Emmanuel"> ]>... XML Syntax: Examples 21

22 Document Type Definition (Cont.) < LANGUAGE="Western" ENCRYPTED="128" PRIORITY="HIGH"> <SUBJECT>Sample Document with Entity References</SUBJECT> <BODY> Hello, this is &SIGNATURE;. Take care, -&SIGNATURE; </BODY> </ > XML Syntax: Examples 22

23 File : DTD in a separate File Lst4 4.dtd <?xml version="1.0"?> <!ELEMENT (TO+, FROM, CC*, BCC*, SUBJECT?, BODY?)> <!ATTLIST LANGUAGE (Western Greek Latin Universal) "Western" ENCRYPTED CDATA #IMPLIED PRIORITY (NORMAL LOW HIGH) "NORMAL"> <!ELEMENT TO (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT FROM (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT CC (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT BCC (#PCDATA)> <!ATTLIST BCC HIDDEN CDATA #FIXED "TRUE"> <!ELEMENT SUBJECT (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT BODY (#PCDATA)> <!ENTITY SIGNATURE "Emmanuel"> XML Syntax: Examples 23

24 DTD File (Cont.) You just have to declare this file in your XML document <?xml version="1.0"?> <!DOCTYPE SYSTEM "Lst4_4.dtd"> < LANGUAGE="Western" ENCRYPTED="128" PRIORITY="HIGH"> <SUBJECT>Sample Document with External DTD</SUBJECT> <BODY> Hello, this is &SIGNATURE;. Take care, -&SIGNATURE; </BODY> </ > XML Syntax: Examples 24

25 Problems with DTD One can only refere to one DTD for one document It is not possible to add self-made tags This language is not XML compatible. Solution: XML-Shemas W3C recommendation since May 2001 (originally proposed by Microsoft) XML description of a document Uses prefix and name-spaces to use different shemas. XML Schemas support data types They support namespaces XML Syntax: Examples 25

26 What is an XML Schema? It defines the legal building blocks of an XML document, just like a DTD. defines elements that can appear in a document defines attributes that can appear in a document defines which elements are child elements defines the order of child elements defines the number of child elements defines whether an element is empty or can include text defines data types for elements and attributes defines default and fixed values for elements and attributes XML Shemas 26

27 XML Schemas Support Data Types One of the greatest strength of XML Schemas is the support for data types. With support for data types: It is easier to describe allowable document content It is easier to validate the correctness of data It is easier to work with data from a database It is easier to define data facets (restrictions on data) It is easier to define data patterns (data formats) It is easier to convert data between different data types XML Shemas 27

28 A simple XML document Look at this simple XML document called note.xml : <?xml version="1.0"?> <note> <to>tove</to> <from>jani</from> <heading>reminder</heading> <body>don t forget me this weekend!</body> </note> XML Shemas 28

29 File: note.xsd An XML Shema <?xml version="1.0"?> <xs:schema xmlns:xs=" targetnamespace=" xmlns=" elementformdefault="qualified"> <xs:element name="note"> <xs:complextype> <xs:sequence> <xs:element name="to" type="xs:string"/> <xs:element name="from" type="xs:string"/> <xs:element name="heading" type="xs:string"/> <xs:element name="body" type="xs:string"/> </xs:sequence> </xs:complextype> </xs:element> </xs:schema> XML Shemas 29

30 A Reference to an XML Schema This XML document has a reference to an XML Schema: <?xml version="1.0"?> <note xmlns=" xmlns:xsi=" xsi:schemalocation=" note.xsd"> <to>tove</to> <from>jani</from> <heading>reminder</heading> <body>don t forget me this weekend!</body> </note> XML Shemas 30

31 The <schema> Element The <schema> element is the root element of every XML Schema: <?xml version="1.0"?> <xs:schema> </xs:schema> XML Shemas 31

32 The <schema> Element (Cont.) The <schema> element may contain some attributes <?xml version="1.0"?> <xs:schema xmlns:xs=" targetnamespace=" xmlns=" elementformdefault="qualified"> </xs:schema> XML Shemas 32

33 XML Shemas The <schema> Element (Cont.) The <schema> Element (Cont.) The <schema> element may contain some attributes <?xml version="1.0"?> <xs:schema xmlns:xs=" targetnamespace=" xmlns=" elementformdefault="qualified"> </xs:schema> xmlns:xs=" Means that elements and data-types used here come from this name space and will be prefixed xs. targetnamespace=" Means that elements defined here will have this namespace. xmlns=" indicates the default namespace. elementformdefault="qualified" indicates that any elements used by the XML instance document which were declared in this schema must be namespace qualified.

34 Referencing a Schema in an XML Document This XML document has a reference to an XML Schema: <?xml version="1.0"?> <note xmlns=" xmlns:xsi=" xsi:schemalocation=" note.xsd"> <to>tove</to> <from>jani</from> <heading>reminder</heading> <body>don t forget me this weekend!</body> </note> XML Shemas 34

35 XML Shemas Referencing a Schema in an XML Document Referencing a Schema in an XML Document This XML document has a reference to an XML Schema: <?xml version="1.0"?> <note xmlns=" xmlns:xsi=" xsi:schemalocation=" note.xsd"> <to>tove</to> <from>jani</from> <heading>reminder</heading> <body>don t forget me this weekend!</body> </note> xmlns=" specifies the default namespace declaration. This declaration tells the schema-validator that all the elements used in this XML document are declared in the namespace. Once you have the XML Schema Instance namespace available: xmlns:xsi=" you can use the schemalocation attribute. This attribute has two values. The first value is the namespace to use. The second value is the location of the XML schema to use for that namespace: xsi:schemalocation=" note.xsd"

36 Defining a Simple Element What is a Simple Element? A simple element is an XML element that can contain only text. It cannot contain any other elements or attributes. (the text can be of many different types, e.g. boolean, string, date, etc.) <xs:element name="xxx" type="yyy"/> XML Schema has a build in data types: xs:sting, xs:decimal, xs:integer, xs:boolean, xs:date, xs:time XML Shemas: Simple element 36

37 Example Here are some XML elements: <lastname>refsnes</lastname> <age>36</age> <dateborn> </dateborn> And here are the corresponding simple element definitions: <xs:element name="lastname" type="xs:string"/> <xs:element name="age" type="xs:integer"/> <xs:element name="dateborn" type="xs:date"/> XML Shemas: Simple element 37

38 Default and Fixed Values for Simple Elements Simple elements may have a default value OR a fixed value specified. A default value is automatically assigned to the element when no other value is specified. <xs:element name="color" type="xs:string" default="red"/> A fixed value is also automatically assigned to the element, and you cannot specify another value. <xs:element name="color" type="xs:string" fixed="red"/> XML Shemas: Simple element 38

39 How to Define an Attribute? What is an Attribute? Simple elements can not have attributes (otherwise, they are complex) <xs:attribute name="xxx" type="yyy"/> Example <lastname lang="en">smith</lastname> corresponds to the following attribute definition <xs:attribute name="lang" type="xs:string"/> XML Shemas: Define an Attribute 39

40 Default and Fixed Values for Attributes Attribute value is defined even nothing is given <xs:attribute name="lang" type="xs:string" default="en"/> A fixed value is also automatically assigned to the attribute, and you cannot specify another value. <xs:attribute name="lang" type="xs:string" fixed="en"/> XML Shemas: Define an Attribute 40

41 Optional and Required Attributes Attributes are optional by default. To specify that the attribute is required, use the use attribute: <xs:attribute name="lang" type="xs:string" use="required"/> XML Shemas: Define an Attribute 41

42 Restrictions on Values The following example defines an element called age with a restriction. The value of age cannot be lower than 0 or greater than 120: <xs:element name="age"> <xs:simpletype> <xs:restriction base="xs:integer"> <xs:mininclusive value="0"/> <xs:maxinclusive value="120"/> </xs:restriction> </xs:simpletype> </xs:element> XML Shemas: Define an Attribute 42

43 Restrictions on a Set of Values The only acceptable values are: Audi, Golf, BMW <xs:element name="car"> <xs:simpletype> <xs:restriction base="xs:string"> <xs:enumeration value="audi"/> <xs:enumeration value="golf"/> <xs:enumeration value="bmw"/> </xs:restriction> </xs:simpletype> </xs:element> XML Shemas: Define an Attribute 43

44 Restrictions on a Set of Values (Cont.) This example could also have been written like this: <xs:element name="car" type="cartype"/> <xs:simpletype name="cartype"> <xs:restriction base="xs:string"> <xs:enumeration value="audi"/> <xs:enumeration value="golf"/> <xs:enumeration value="bmw"/> </xs:restriction> </xs:simpletype> In this case the type cartype can be used by other elements because it is not a part of the car element. XML Shemas: Define an Attribute 44

45 Restrictions on a Series of Values Accept one letter <xs:element name="letter"> <xs:simpletype> <xs:restriction base="xs:string"> <xs:pattern value="[a-z]"/> </xs:restriction> </xs:simpletype> </xs:element> Accept three Uppercase letters <xs:element name="initials"> <xs:simpletype> <xs:restriction base="xs:string"> <xs:pattern value="[a-z][a-z][a-z]"/> </xs:restriction> </xs:simpletype> </xs:element> XML Shemas: Define an Attribute 45

46 Restrictions on a Series of Values (Cont.) Accept 3 letters (upper- or lowercase <xs:element name="initials"> <xs:simpletype> <xs:restriction base="xs:string"> <xs:pattern value="[a-za-z][a-za-z][a-za-z]"/> </xs:restriction> </xs:simpletype> </xs:element> XML Shemas: Define an Attribute 46

47 Restrictions on a Series of Values (Cont.) Choice: choose one of the three latters <xs:element name="choice"> <xs:simpletype> <xs:restriction base="xs:string"> <xs:pattern value="[xyz]"/> </xs:restriction> </xs:simpletype> </xs:element> XML Shemas: Define an Attribute 47

48 Examples of Patterns The only acceptable value is FIVE digits in a sequence, and each digit must be in a range from 0 to 9: <xs:restriction base="xs:integer"> <xs:pattern value="[0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9]"/> </xs:restriction> The acceptable value is zero or more occurrences of lowercase letters from a to z: <xs:restriction base="xs:string"> <xs:pattern value="([a-z])*"/> </xs:restriction> The acceptable value is one or more pairs of letters, each pair consisting of a lower case letter followed by an upper case letter. <xs:pattern value="([a-z][a-z])+"/> XML Shemas: Define an Attribute 48

49 Examples of Patterns (Cont.) The only acceptable value is male OR female: <xs:pattern value="male female"/> There must be exactly eight characters in a row and those characters must be lowercase or uppercase letters from a to z, or a number from 0 to 9: <xs:pattern value="[a-za-z0-9]{8}"/> XML Shemas: Define an Attribute 49

50 Restrictions on Whitespace Characters To specify how whitespace characters should be handled, we would use the whitespace constraint. <xs:element name="address"> <xs:simpletype> <xs:restriction base="xs:string"> <xs:whitespace value="preserve"/> </xs:restriction> </xs:simpletype> </xs:element> Value can be: preserve (every char remains the same) replace (tabs, CR, LF are replaced with spaces) collapse (idem + multiple spaces are collapsed) XML Shemas: Define an Attribute 50

51 Restrictions on Length The value must be exactly eight characters: <xs:element name="password"> <xs:simpletype> <xs:restriction base="xs:string"> <xs:length value="8"/> </xs:restriction> </xs:simpletype> </xs:element> We can also use: <xs:minlength value="5"/> and <xs:maxlength value="8"/> XML Shemas: Define an Attribute 51

52 XSD Complex Elements A complex element contains other elements and/or attributes. There are four kinds of complex elements: empty elements elements that contain only other elements elements that contain only text elements that contain both other elements and text Each of these elements may contain attributes as well! XML Shemas: Define an Attribute 52

53 Examples of Complex Elements A complex XML element, product, which is empty: <product pid="1345"/> A complex XML element, employee, which contains only other elements: <employee> <firstname>john</firstname> <lastname>smith</lastname> </employee> A complex XML element, food, which contains only text: <food type="dessert">ice cream</food> A complex XML element, description, which contains both elements and text: <description> It happened on <date lang="norwegian"> </date>... </description> XML Shemas: Define an Attribute 53

54 How to Define a Complex Element Look at this complex XML element, employee <employee> <firstname>john</firstname> <lastname>smith</lastname> </employee> 1) The employee element can be declared directly by naming the element, like this: <xs:element name="employee"> <xs:complextype> <xs:sequence> <xs:element name="firstname" type="xs:string"/> <xs:element name="lastname" type="xs:string"/> </xs:sequence> </xs:complextype> </xs:element> XML Shemas: Define an Attribute 54

55 How to Define a Complex Element (Cont.) 2) The employee element can have a type attribute that refers to the name of the complex type to use: <xs:element name="employee" type="personinfo"/> <xs:complextype name="personinfo"> <xs:sequence> <xs:element name="firstname" type="xs:string"/> <xs:element name="lastname" type="xs:string"/> </xs:sequence> </xs:complextype> Can be refered to by many elements <xs:element name="employee" type="personinfo"/> <xs:element name="student" type="personinfo"/> <xs:element name="member" type="personinfo"/> XML Shemas: Define an Attribute 55

56 More complex: <xs:element name="employee" type="fullpersoninfo"/> <xs:complextype name="personinfo"> <xs:sequence> <xs:element name="firstname" type="xs:string"/> <xs:element name="lastname" type="xs:string"/> </xs:sequence> </xs:complextype> <xs:complextype name="fullpersoninfo"> <xs:complexcontent> <xs:extension base="personinfo"> <xs:sequence> <xs:element name="address" type="xs:string"/> <xs:element name="city" type="xs:string"/> <xs:element name="country" type="xs:string"/> </xs:sequence> </xs:extension> </xs:complexcontent> </xs:complextype> XML Shemas: Define an Attribute 56

57 Complex Empty Elements Like : <product prodid="1345" /> <xs:element name="product"> <xs:complextype> <xs:complexcontent> <xs:restriction base="xs:integer"> <xs:attribute name="prodid" type="xs:positiveinteger"/> </xs:restriction> </xs:complexcontent> </xs:complextype> </xs:element> XML Shemas: Define an Attribute 57

58 Complex Empty Elements (Cont.) or a more compact definition: <xs:element name="product"> <xs:complextype> <xs:attribute name="prodid" type="xs:positiveinteger"/> </xs:complextype> </xs:element> or even <xs:element name="product" type="prodtype"/> <xs:complextype name="prodtype"> <xs:attribute name="prodid" type="xs:positiveinteger"/> </xs:complextype> XML Shemas: Define an Attribute 58

59 Complex Types Containing Elements Only <xs:element name="person"> <xs:complextype> <xs:sequence> <xs:element name="firstname" type="xs:string"/> <xs:element name="lastname" type="xs:string"/> </xs:sequence> </xs:complextype> </xs:element> XML Shemas: Define an Attribute 59

60 Complex Text-Only Elements <xs:element name="somename"> <xs:complextype> <xs:simplecontent> <xs:extension base="basetype"> </xs:extension> </xs:simplecontent> </xs:complextype> </xs:element> XML Shemas: Define an Attribute 60

61 Complex Text-Only Elements (Cont.) Or <xs:element name="somename"> <xs:complextype> <xs:simplecontent> <xs:restriction base="basetype"> </xs:restriction> </xs:simplecontent> </xs:complextype> </xs:element> XML Shemas: Define an Attribute 61

62 Example Shoe size <shoesize country="france">35</shoesize> <xs:element name="shoesize"> <xs:complextype> <xs:simplecontent> <xs:extension base="xs:integer"> <xs:attribute name="country" type="xs:string" /> </xs:extension> </xs:simplecontent> </xs:complextype> </xs:element> XML Shemas: Define an Attribute 62

63 Complex Types with Mixed Content <xs:element name="letter"> <xs:complextype mixed="true"> <xs:sequence> <xs:element name="name" type="xs:string"/> <xs:element name="orderid" type="xs:positiveinteger"/ <xs:element name="shipdate" type="xs:date"/> </xs:sequence> </xs:complextype> </xs:element> XML Shemas: Define an Attribute 63

64 XSD Complex Types Indicators Indicators There are seven indicators Order indicators: All, Choice, Sequence Occurrence indicators: maxoccurs, minoccurs Group indicators: Group name, attributegroup name Example for order indicator <xs:element name="person"> <xs:complextype> <xs:all> <xs:element name="firstname" type="xs:string"/> <xs:element name="lastname" type="xs:string"/> </xs:all> </xs:complextype> </xs:element> XML Shemas: Define an Attribute 64

65 XSD Complex Types Indicators Sequence Indicator The <sequence> indicator specifies that the child elements must appear in a specific order: <xs:element name="person"> <xs:complextype> <xs:sequence> <xs:element name="firstname" type="xs:string"/> <xs:element name="lastname" type="xs:string"/> </xs:sequence> </xs:complextype> </xs:element> XML Shemas: Define an Attribute 65

66 Group Indicators Element Groups You must define an all, choice, or sequence element inside the group declaration. After you have defined a group, you can reference it in another definition, like this: <xs:group name="persongroup"> <xs:sequence> <xs:element name="firstname" type="xs:string"/> <xs:element name="lastname" type="xs:string"/> <xs:element name="birthday" type="xs:date"/> </xs:sequence> </xs:group> <xs:element name="person" type="personinfo"/> <xs:complextype name="personinfo"> <xs:sequence> <xs:group ref="persongroup"/> <xs:element name="country" type="xs:string"/> </xs:sequence> </xs:complextype> XML Shemas: Define an Attribute 66

67 Attribute Groups Attribute groups are defined with the attributegroup declaration, like this: <xs:attributegroup name="personattrgroup"> <xs:attribute name="firstname" type="xs:string"/> <xs:attribute name="lastname" type="xs:string"/> <xs:attribute name="birthday" type="xs:date"/> </xs:attributegroup> <xs:element name="person"> <xs:complextype> <xs:attributegroup ref="personattrgroup"/> </xs:complextype> </xs:element> XML Shemas: Define an Attribute 67

68 Attribute Groups (Cont.) Attribute groups are defined with the attributegroup declaration, like this: If we have a file creating a children tag, we can use it: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso "?> <persons xmlns=" xmlns:xsi=" xsi:schemalocation=" family.xsd children.xsd"> <person> <firstname>hege</firstname> <lastname>refsnes</lastname> <children> <childname>cecilie</childname> </children> </person> <person> <firstname>stale</firstname> <lastname>refsnes</lastname> </person> </persons> XML Shemas: Define an Attribute 68

69 The <anyattribute> Element The <anyattribute> element enables us to extend the XML document with attributes not specified by the schema! <xs:element name="person"> <xs:complextype> <xs:sequence> <xs:element name="firstname" type="xs:string"/> <xs:element name="lastname" type="xs:string"/> </xs:sequence> <xs:anyattribute/> </xs:complextype> </xs:element> XML Shemas: Define an Attribute 69

70 The <attribute> Element Suppose we have the other following shema attribute.xsd <?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso "?> <xs:schema xmlns:xs=" targetnamespace=" xmlns=" elementformdefault="qualified"> <xs:attribute name="gender"> <xs:simpletype> <xs:restriction base="xs:string"> <xs:pattern value="male female"/> </xs:restriction> </xs:simpletype> </xs:attribute> </xs:schema> XML Shemas: Define an Attribute 70

71 The <attribute> Element (Cont.) We can have the following xml content <?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso "?> <persons xmlns=" xmlns:xsi=" xsi:schemalocation=" family.xsd attribute.xsd"> <person gender="female"> <firstname>hege</firstname> <lastname>refsnes</lastname> </person> <person gender="male"> <firstname>stale</firstname> <lastname>refsnes</lastname> </person> </persons> XML Shemas: Define an Attribute 71

72 Element Substitution Suppose we want to have an element name that can be substituated by another element navn <xs:element name="name" type="xs:string"/> <xs:element name="navn" substitutiongroup="name"/> <xs:complextype name="custinfo"> <xs:sequence> <xs:element ref="name"/> </xs:sequence> </xs:complextype> <xs:element name="customer" type="custinfo"/> <xs:element name="kunde" substitutiongroup="customer"/> Corresponding XML document: <customer> <name>john Smith</name> </customer> OR <kunde> <navn>john Smith</navn> </kunde> XML Shemas: Define an Attribute 72

73 XSD Example XML document called shiporder.xml : <?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso "?> <shiporder orderid="889923" xmlns:xsi=" xsi:nonamespaceschemalocation="shiporder.xsd"> <orderperson>john Smith</orderperson> <shipto> <name>ola Nordmann</name> <address>langgt 23</address> <city>4000 Stavanger</city> <country>norway</country> </shipto> <item> <title>empire Burlesque</title> <note>special Edition</note> <quantity>1</quantity> <price>10.90</price> </item> <item> <title>hide your heart</title> <quantity>1</quantity> <price>9.90</price> </item> </shiporder> XML Shemas: Define an Attribute 73

74 Corresponding Schema <?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso "?> <xs:schema xmlns:xs=" <xs:simpletype name="stringtype"> <xs:restriction base="xs:string"/> </xs:simpletype> <xs:simpletype name="inttype"> <xs:restriction base="xs:positiveinteger"/> </xs:simpletype> <xs:simpletype name="dectype"> <xs:restriction base="xs:decimal"/> </xs:simpletype> <xs:simpletype name="orderidtype"> <xs:restriction base="xs:string"> <xs:pattern value="[0-9]{6}"/> </xs:restriction> </xs:simpletype>... XML Shemas: Define an Attribute 74

75 Corresponding Schema (Cont.)... <xs:complextype name="shiptotype"> <xs:sequence> <xs:element name="name" type="stringtype"/> <xs:element name="address" type="stringtype"/> <xs:element name="city" type="stringtype"/> <xs:element name="country" type="stringtype"/> </xs:sequence> </xs:complextype> <xs:complextype name="itemtype"> <xs:sequence> <xs:element name="title" type="stringtype"/> <xs:element name="note" type="stringtype" minoccurs="0"/> <xs:element name="quantity" type="inttype"/> <xs:element name="price" type="dectype"/> </xs:sequence> </xs:complextype>... XML Shemas: Define an Attribute 75

76 Corresponding Schema (Cont.)... <xs:complextype name="shipordertype"> <xs:sequence> <xs:element name="orderperson" type="stringtype"/> <xs:element name="shipto" type="shiptotype"/> <xs:element name="item" maxoccurs="unbounded" type="itemtype"/> </xs:sequence> <xs:attribute name="orderid" type="orderidtype" use="required"/> </xs:complextype> <xs:element name="shiporder" type="shipordertype"/> </xs:schema> XML Shemas: Define an Attribute 76

77 XML Shemas: Define an Attribute 77

78 XML Shemas: Define an Attribute 78

79 XML Shemas: Define an Attribute 79

80 XML Shemas: Define an Attribute 80

81 Browser PDA (Palm-pilot, Psion, Win CE...) GSM Vocal application (for blind people) Parsing a DOM 81

82 extensible Stylsheet Language Explain how a XML document will look like XML File : <?xml version="1.0"?> <xsltutorial > <title>xsl</title> <author>john Smith</author> </xsltutorial> XSL File : <xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl= > <xsl:template match="/"> <H1><xsl:value-of select="//title"/></h1> <H2><xsl:value-of select="//author"/></h2> </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet> Parsing a DOM 82

83 Syntax Every XSL stylesheet must start with xsl:stylesheet element. The atribute xmlns:xsl specifies version of XSL(T) specification. This example shows the simplest possible stylesheet. As it does not contain any information, default processing is used. <xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl= > </xsl:stylesheet> An XSL processors parses an XML source and tries to find a matching template rule. If it does, instructions inside matching template are evaluated. <xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl= > <xsl:template match="bold"> <P><B><xsl:value-of select="."/></b></p> </xsl:template> <xsl:template match="red"> Parsing a DOM 83

84 XSL (Cont.) Contents of original elements can be recovered from original sources in two basic ways. Example below uses xsl:value-of construct. In this case the contents of the element is used without any further processing. This XSL StyleSheet <xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl= > <xsl:template match="employee"> <B><xsl:value-of select="."/></b> </xsl:template> <xsl:template match="surname"> <i><xsl:value-of select="."/></i> </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet> With this XML file <?xml version="1.0"?> Parsing a DOM 84

85 XSL (Cont.) The second way to deal with value is to use xsl:apply-templates <xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl= > <xsl:template match="employee"> <B><xsl:apply-templates select="firstname"/></b> <B><xsl:apply-templates select="surname"/></b> </xsl:template> <xsl:template match="surname"> <i> <xsl:value-of select="."/></i> </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet> Will give (on the same xml file) <B>Joe</B> <B> Parsing a DOM 85

86 Conclusion : XML Adventages Very convenient to modelize data Easy to parse Transfer of information between processus, programs or computers Disadventages Only implemented in Netscape 6 and IE5 (can not read the RFC in XML), Not designed for displaying on the Web, more for exchanging informations, Parsing a DOM 86

87 Exercise We want to modelize the flights of Swiss. A file will regroup informations on many flights. A flight contains a departure, an arrival and maybe one ore more vias. Any point on the way (departure vias and arrival) can be modelized as three data: the name of the airport (we will use entities to represent internationnal airports), the date and the time. Parsing a DOM 87

88 Solution (XML) <flightlist> <flight> <departure> <point> <airport> &ZHR; </airport> <date> July </date> <hour>10h00</hour> </point></departure> <via> <point> <airport> &CDG; </airport> <date> July </date> <hour>11h00</hour> </point></via> <arrival> <point> <airport>&jfk; </airport> <date> July </date> extensible <hour> Markup Language 14h00</hour> (XML) </point></arrival> Parsing a DOM 88

89 Solution DTD <!ELEMENT flightlist (flight+)> <!ELEMENT flight (departure, via*, arrival)> <!ELEMENT departure (point)> <!ELEMENT arrival (point)> <!ELEMENT via (point)> <!ELEMENT point (airport, date, hour)> <!ELEMENT airport (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT date (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT hour (#PCDATA)> <!ENTITY CDG "Roissy Charles De Gaule"> <!ENTITY JFK "John Fitzgerald kennedy"> <!ENTITY ZHR "Zurich Kloten"> Parsing a DOM 89

90 // validate the DOM tree Parsing a DOM 90 Exercice validation/package-summary.html // parse an XML document into a DOM tree DocumentBuilder parser = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInst Document document = parser.parse(new File("instance.xml // create a SchemaFactory capable of understanding WXS SchemaFactory factory = SchemaFactory.newInstance(XMLCo // load a WXS schema, represented by a Schema instance Source schemafile = new StreamSource(new File("mySchema Schema schema = factory.newschema(schemafile); // create a Validator instance, which can be used to va Validator validator = schema.newvalidator();