Accessibility. Dec. 12, 2017 Chris Dallager, Doug Bratland, & Matt Ryan

Transcription

1 Web Maintainer Lunch & Learn Accessibility Dec. 12, 2017 Chris Dallager, Doug Bratland, & Matt Ryan

2 What is Web Accessibility? The degree to which a website is usable by as many people as possible Laura Kalbag Accessibility for Everyone

3 Normal

4 Reality: Diversity

5 Not everyone uses the web the same way.

6 Visual disabilities Examples Blindness Impaired vision Colorblindness Impacts Not able to see screen or visuals Screen blurry or distorted Difficulty distinguishing colors Common tools used Screen readers Screen magnifiers ~

7 Auditory disabilities Examples Deafness Auditory sensitivity Impacts Audio not able to be heard Audio can be painful or distracting

8 Motor disabilities Examples Low hand dexterity No use of hands Unable to access physical spaces Impacts Unable to use mouse Unable to use keyboard or mouse Information needs Common tools used Keyboard Eye tracking, custom input devices ~

9 Cognitive disabilities Examples Dyslexia Autism spectrum Developmental disabilities Brain injury Impacts Difficulty processing texts Difficulty reading subtexts Difficulty with pace of videos & slideshows

10 Temporary conditions can affect use of web in similar ways to permanent disabilities Visual Impairment Eye surgery Lost glasses Using device in bright sunlight Auditory Impairment Loud environment Quiet public space (e.g. library) Mobility Impairment Broken arm Broken leg Cognitive Impairment Tired Recent Concussion Distracted Poor air quality (!) Small screen (!!!) Our ability to use a website normally can be impaired even if we don t have a long term disability!

11 Demonstrations Screen reader Keyboard navigation

12 Screen Reader Demo

13 Why is web accessibility important?

14 Because it is a legal responsibility. Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990 Title II: Public Entities Title III: Public Accommodations of Private Entities Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973

15 No individual shall be discriminated against on the basis of disability in the full and equal enjoyment of the goods, services, facilities, privileges, advantages, or accommodations of any place of public accommodation by any private entity ADA Title II 28 CFR

16 Real World Legal Implications Carleton & many other schools have been investigated by the Department of Education s Office of Civil Rights. Many schools have been sued for accessibility problems on their websites.

17 The legal standard we are held to is Equal Access

18 Because it is an ethical responsibility. We have community members who can t use the web the way we do. If we don t consider their needs we can inadvertently create barriers to their ability to use our sites. Accessible sites permit our community members to fully participate in our community.

19 The core principles of a liberal arts education are based on mutual respect, communication, and engagement, which commits us to create and affirm a culture of respect for people in all aspects of their lives Carleton s Diversity Statement

20 Carleton aims to be welcoming and hospitable to its neighbors, guests, and the public Carleton s Mission Statement

21 Web accessibility is an inclusive practice

22 Web accessibility is an inclusive practice By designing, writing, and building our websites with accessibility in mind, we ensure that they are inclusive of people of all abilities.

23 Overwhelmed? We re in this together.

24 What WSG is doing Making sure these are all accessible: Web templates Interactive elements Forms Administrative interfaces

25 Five Things You Can Do 1. Provide good image descriptions 2. Use descriptive link text 3. Use headings These are not specific to any tool! 4. Write & edit text so it is easy to read 5. Add captions to videos

26 1 Provide good image descriptions

27 1 Provide good image descriptions <img src= 123.jpg alt= Goodsell Observatory on sunny day > Alt text or Alt tags Good alt text: Exists Describes the image

28 1 Provide good image descriptions Bad alt text: Doesn t exist <img src= 123.jpg > or Doesn t describe the image <img src= 123.jpg alt= 123.jpg > <img src= 123.jpg alt= Photo >

29

30 1 Exercise: Alt text rewrite #1 Current Alt Text: CARL

31 1 Exercise: Alt text rewrite #1 Revised Alt Text: Four students, two in cow costumes, spell out CARL with their bodies

32 1 Exercise: Alt text rewrite #2 Current Alt Text: House Calls: 5/18/17

33 1 Exercise: Alt text rewrite #2 Revised Alt Text Web Help House Calls: Thurs May 18, 2:00-4:00, Weitz

34 1 In Reason: Find Bad Alt Text How- To! Use the new accessibility report In other tools: Use WAVE: wave.webaim.org

35

36 1 In Reason: Find Bad Alt Text How- To! Use the new accessibility report In other tools: Use WAVE: wave.webaim.org These only find the worst offenders they would not have caught the poor alt text in the two examples.

37 1 Fix Bad Alt Text How- To! Images placed in editor: Click on the image Edit the Alt text or Description field in image popup When you upload a photo the metadata you provide is used as the default alt text. Save yourself work and provide descriptive alt text when you upload images.

38

39 1 Provide good image descriptions

40 2 Use descriptive link text

41 2 Use descriptive link text Screen reader users rely on ability to read a list of all links on the page. Click here & links that use URLs as link text can t be understood on their own. Use link text that describes the page you are linking to.

42 2 Use descriptive link text Bad Good Click here the New Student Checklist Download PDF Sample Résumé (PDF) Community Standards Policy

43 2 Exercise: Link text rewrite Click here for more about Accepted Student Days.

44 2 Exercise: Link text rewrite More about Accepted Student Days

45 2 Exercise: Link text rewrite To learn about why you should get the flu vaccine, go to index.html

46 2 Exercise: Link text rewrite Why you should get the flu vaccine

47 2 Exercise: Link text rewrite You can see our 2018 senior celebration photos here.

48 2 Exercise: Link text rewrite Our 2018 senior celebration photos

49 2 Empty Links What are empty links? <a href= How do they happen? Deletion of link text without deleting link itself Why are they a problem for accessibility? Screenreaders & other tools still announce them Confusing

50 2 Find Bad Link Text In Reason: How- To! Use the new accessibility report

51

52 2 Find Bad Link Text In Reason: How- To! Use the new accessibility report Other tools: Use WAVE: wave.webaim.org

53 2 Fix Bad Link Text How- To! All tools: Rework links & sentences Use html view to remove empty links

54

55 2 Use descriptive link text

56 3 Use headings

57 3 Use headings Screen reader users rely on ability to read a list of all headings on the page. It s common to highlight an entire line of text and bold it to draw the eye and to indicate a subheading. This does not help screen readers - they don t announce bolding. Use actual headings instead! (demo)

58 3 Find & Fix Bad Headings How- To! In Reason: Use the new accessibility report to find Remove bold from heading lines, then Use the H button to create a real heading

59

60

61 3 Use headings

62 4 Write & edit text so it is easy to read

63 4 Write & edit text so it is easy to read Our site authors often assume that readers don t have cognitive impairments or reading difficulties. But complex text is problematic for many users. We want all readers to understand our content. The lower the reading level, the more inclusive the content will be. If your reading level is higher than grade 8, try rewriting it to lower the score.

64 4 Write & edit text so it is easy to read Short words, short sentences, and short paragraphs Plain language No jargon (or academese ) Use lists wherever possible Remove redundant words Write the way you speak Use the words your readers are looking for Active voice

65 4 Reading level exercise This website is intended to help students in writing essays and other papers by giving basic information on the proper use and proper acknowledgment of Reading level: 16th grade (college grad) Rewrite to an 8th grade level. Tips: Shorter sentences and words reduce grade level source material.

66 4 Reading level exercise Learn how to properly use and acknowledge your sources when you write essays and other papers. Reading level: 8th grade By reworking text for a lower grade level, we make it easier for everyone to grasp quickly (even PhDs!)

67 4 In Reason: Find & Fix Bad Reading Levels How- To! See the new reading level scores right in the editing interface

68

69 4 In Reason: Find & Fix Bad Reading Levels How- To! See the new reading level scores right in the editing interface All tools: Use Hemingway hemingwayapp.com

70

71 4 Write & edit text so it is easy to read

72 5 Add captions to videos

73 5 Add captions to videos Captions allow people with hearing-related challenges to understand videos All public videos should have captions added, whether published on Reason, YouTube, Vimeo, Facebook, or any other service. Auto-captions are not accurate & should not be used.

74 5 How to get captions on a video How- To! Request captions for a video: go.carleton.edu/captionreq

75

76 5 How to get captions on a video How- To! Request captions for a video: go.carleton.edu/captionreq If you produce a lot of videos, we can give you direct access to our captioning service and show you how to do it yourself!

77 5 Add captions to videos

78 To Repeat: 1. Provide good image descriptions 2. Use descriptive link text 3. Use headings 4. Write & edit text so it is easy to read 5. Add captions to videos

79 Further Learning Handouts Accessibility pages on WSG site go.carleton.edu/accessible In-depth workshops winter/spring term

80 In Conclusion Carleton s mission & values lead us to be inclusive in our web communications. It s also required by law! These 5 practices are a great first step.

81 We re in this together! Please reach out to us with any questions! Web Services Doug Bratland & Matt Ryan Disability Services for Students Chris Dallager