IMPORTING DATA IN PYTHON. Importing flat files from the web
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1 IMPORTING DATA IN PYTHON Importing flat files from the web
2 You re already great at importing! Flat files such as.txt and.csv Pickled files, Excel spreadsheets, and many others! Data from relational databases You can do all these locally What if your data is online?
3 Can you import web data? You can: go to URL and click to download files BUT: not reproducible, not scalable
4 You ll learn how to Import and locally save datasets from the web Load datasets into pandas DataFrames Make HTTP requests (GET requests) Scrape web data such as HTML Parse HTML into useful data (BeautifulSoup) Use the urllib and requests packages
5 The urllib package Provides interface for fetching data across the web urlopen() - accepts URLs instead of file names
6 How to automate file download in Python In [1]: from urllib.request import urlretrieve In [2]: url = ' In [3]: urlretrieve(url, 'winequality-white.csv') Out[3]: ('winequality-white.csv', <http.client.httpmessage at 0x103cf1128>)
7 IMPORTING DATA IN PYTHON Let s practice!
8 IMPORTING DATA IN PYTHON HTTP requests to import files from the web
9 URL Uniform/Universal Resource Locator References to web resources Focus: web addresses Ingredients: Protocol identifier - http: Resource name - datacamp.com These specify web addresses uniquely
10 HTTP HyperText Transfer Protocol Foundation of data communication for the web HTTPS - more secure form of HTTP Going to a website = sending HTTP request GET request urlretrieve() performs a GET request HTML - HyperText Markup Language
11 GET requests using urllib In [1]: from urllib.request import urlopen, Request In [2]: url = " In [3]: request = Request(url) In [4]: response = urlopen(request) In [5]: html = response.read() In [6]: response.close()
12 GET requests using requests Used by her Majesty's Government, Amazon, Google, Twilio, NPR, Obama for America, Twitter, Sony, and Federal U.S. Institutions that prefer to be unnamed
13 GET requests using requests One of the most downloaded Python packages In [1]: import requests In [2]: url = " In [3]: r = requests.get(url) In [4]: text = r.text
14 IMPORTING DATA IN PYTHON Let s practice!
15 IMPORTING DATA IN PYTHON Scraping the web in Python
16 HTML Mix of unstructured and structured data Structured data: Has pre-defined data model, or Organized in a defined manner Unstructured data: neither of these properties
17 BeautifulSoup Parse and extract structured data from HTML Make tag soup beautiful and extract information
18 BeautifulSoup In [1]: from bs4 import BeautifulSoup In [2]: import requests In [3]: url = ' In [4]: r = requests.get(url) In [5]: html_doc = r.text In [6]: soup = BeautifulSoup(html_doc)
19 Prettified Soup In [7]: print(soup.prettify()) <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN" " <html> <head> <meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv="content-type"/> <title> Beautiful Soup: We called him Tortoise because he taught us. </title> <link rev="made"/> <link href="/nb/themes/default/nb.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/> <meta content="beautiful Soup: a library designed for screen-scraping HTML and XML." name="d <meta content="markov Approximation 1.4 (module: leonardr)" name="generator"/> <meta content="leonard Richardson" name="author"/> </head> <body alink="red" bgcolor="white" link="blue" text="black" vlink="660066"> <img align="right" src="10.1.jpg" width="250"/> <br/> <p>
20 Exploring BeautifulSoup Many methods such as: In [9]: print(soup.title) <title>beautiful Soup: We called him Tortoise because he taught us.</title> In [8]: print(soup.get_text()) Beautiful Soup: We called him Tortoise because he taught us. You didn't write that awful page. You're just trying to get some data out of it. Beautiful Soup is here to help. Since 2004, it's been saving programmers hours or days of work on quick-turnaround screen scraping projects.
21 Exploring BeautifulSoup find_all() In [10]: for link in soup.find_all('a'):...: print(link.get('href'))...: bs4/download/ #Download bs4/doc/ #HallOfFame %20excerpt.html
22 IMPORTING DATA IN PYTHON Let s practice!
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