B3: A first introduction to CSS 17/02/2006
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1 ! " % % 1 & & ' ( 6 +,-.!! %! 5 7 % ) * +,-. /! ) (& & (& &! ' % 1 '!%!3! 4! % & (& & % % 55 %! " & Font Text Lists Color Background Border & Margin Positioning Visability Letter form, size, boldface, italic alignment, leading, case Bullets and indentation borders, text, bullets rules backgrounds Behind the page or behind a single page element Margins, padding, borders, width, height Exact placement on the screen Whether one element appears and how much of it is showing 3 4 ( & &,! External Style file.css <html> </boby> </html> Embedded Style Inline Style Linked (in the head-part): <link rel= stylesheet href= filename.css type= text/css > 8(& & & A style sheet rule is made up of three different parts known as: Selector Property Value Selector { property : value; property: value; & +,-. % 9! % : 5!" Ł An external stylesheet should not contain any html tags. Your stylesheet should be saved with a.css extension. 5 ; 6 informatiesystemen 1
2 (& & 55 5!" Font Properties font-family: [ font family serif san-serif cursive fantasy monospace ] font-style: [ normal italic oblique ] font-size: [ xx-small x-small small medium large x-large xx-large smaller larger x pt x in x % ] font-weight: [ normal bold bolder lighter ] font-variant: [ normal small-caps ] Text Properties text-decoration: [ none underline over-line line-through blink ] text-align: [ left right center justify ] vertical-align: [ sub super top text-top middle bottom text-bottom x % ] text-indent: [ x in x cm x pt x % ] line-height: [ normal x x in x cm x pt x % ] text-transform: [ none lowercase uppercase capitalize ] (& & < = +,-. %, >!, (& & :B CD! +,-.(! % (?! EF :B Color & Background Properties :G' color: [ color name rrggbb ] (or: in 3-digit RGB, like 89A ) +,-. background-color: [ color name rrggbb transparent ]!H % I & background-image: [ URL none ] 7 8 J!H@?! "! K 7 5 G K "! 55!5 5 5 LCD1 LCD1 9 ' < 5% %! " 5 3! '! 5! 1 ( &! % % % M% 5% M &! G' 53!! 11 4 % h1 { color: red; border: thin groove; text-align:center; p { margin-left: 1%; border: ridge; background: ee88; <h1>simple styles</h1> <p>some text... </p>! 1 informatiesystemen
3 &! +,-.,% <html> h.redbordered { color: red; background-color: EEE; border: thin groove blue; p.special { color: blue ; text-align:center; <h class="redbordered">some heading</h> <p>a default text</p> <p class="special">a special paragraph</p> </html> 13 <html> <title>span examples</title> span { font-size:15% ; color: blue ; span.smallred { font-size:7%; color:red ; span.other { font-style:italic; font-weight:bold; This is a normal text.<br /> <span>this is the 'just span'-text</span> and normal again and now 'nested' <span class="smallred">a part with 'span.smallred', <span class="other">a last part with span.other</span></span>. </html> 14 <html> <title>anonymous classes</title>.odd { background-color:cffff ;.even { background-color:ffffc;.bluebold {color:blue; font-style:bolder; <h4 class="bluebold">use of anonymous classes</h4> <p class="odd">this is a first paragraph</p> K "% <table> <tr><th class="bluebold">lines table</th></tr> <tr class="odd"><td>first line</td></tr> <tr class="even"><td>second line</td></tr> <tr class="odd"><td>third line</td></tr> <tr class="even"><td>fourth line</td></tr> </table> <p class="even">this is a second paragraph</p> </html> K ".4 Block-level elements start a new line, for example (, ) <p> <ul>, <ol>, <li> <table>, <tr> <div> Block-level elements generate (rectangular) block boxes, which are positioned vertically (i.e., each box below the previous one) Exception: absolutely positioned div s A special block-level element: the generic <div>... </div>: - with possibilities for (rectangular) dimensions, position, etc. 17, K - - 5K 9, K - Border Margin (outside box) Padding (inside box) Element Content At the center of the CSS box model is the content itself. Don t think of this content as being the same as words or pictures that comprise the content of a news story or a set of links. The content is anything contained within the area of the box. Margin the space between this and other elements margin-top, margin-right, margin-bottom, margin-left Shortcut : margin: 5px 1px 5px 1px; (values are in clockwise order) Padding the space between the border and the element padding-top, padding-right, padding-bottom, padding-left 18 comparable to TABLE s cell-padding informatiesystemen 3
4 N K ".4 K Controlling the Margins & Paddings: Using the margin / padding attribute, you can set the size of all four margins/paddings at once You can insert any or all of the margin/padding values If all four are entered: top, right, bottom, left If three are entered: top, right, bottom (left = right) If two are entered: top, right (bottom = top, left = right) If one is entered: top = right = bottom = left 19 4 %! " <html> div { text-indent:9px; background:yellow; div.withborder { border-style: solid; border-color: ff; margin:1px; padding:1px; div.withwidthheight { position: relative; left:5px; width:95px; height:9px; background-color:efff; div.absoluteposition { position:absolute; padding:8%;top:15px;left:9px;height:99px; width:88px;background:dfd; Piece with default text. <div>inside a 'pure' div-block</div> Another piece with default text. <div class="withborder">this will appear inside a block with border and margin.</div> Another default text. <div class="withwidthheight">text inside a block with 'width' and 'height'</div> <div class="absoluteposition">some text in an 'absolutely positioned' block</div> </html> (& & LLK % Using several [absolutely positioned] neighbouring <div>-blocks in a page, a problem can be that the different webbrowsers use different meanings of the width (/height) of a block. According to the CSS-standard: Border Margin (outside box) Padding (inside box) Element Content Complete width according CSS Complete width according IE6 Complete width of a box = width (of content) + padding-left + padding-right + margin-left + margin-right + border-left + border-right To avoid problems: put at the top of your HTML-document that the strict standard must be obeyed: <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4. Strict//EN"> and even IE 6 will behave itself according to the CSS-rules 1 &! O Boxes margin: length percentage auto {1,4 ( also: margin-left:... margin-right: etc.. ) border-width: thin thick medium length {1,4 padding: length percentage {1,4 border-color: value {1,4 border-style: none dotted dashed solid double groove {1,4 ridge: value {1,4 width: length percentage auto height: length auto Location position: absolute relative fixed absolute: relative to upper left corner, bottom or right of window relative: relative to the last item fixed: does not move when the page is scrolled left: distance from left border of window (pixels, %) top: distance from top border of window (pixels, %) &! %! " +,-. G!.myclass {.myclass { color: red; color: blue; background: cyan; background: cyan; text-decoration: none; text-decoration: underline; border: thin groove red; <span class="myclass"> <h>a Simple Heading</h> <div class="myclass"> <p>some text... </p> <h>a Simple Heading</h> </span> <p>some text... </p> </div> 3 4 informatiesystemen 4
5 , G' list1 { color: blue; background: cyan; text-decoration: underline; border: thin groove red; <ul id="list1"> <li>first</li> <li>second</li> <li>third</li> </ul> ( G' G' %! % I 5 & 8 LCD % 5 LCD % P N %!%!E 9 "!! G% %!! 5 6 ) 5 4 4!+,-. <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css href=" Another possibility is by importing it or them, e.g.: url( url(mystyles.css) -! An external stylesheet should not contain any html tags. Your stylesheet should be saved with a.css extension. <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css href=... > <!- url(... ) - -> 7 &! 4 M M M G 5M % 5% % 8 ( 4 9Ł Method Size* Characters Server Hits Images Tables Font Tags All HTML 1% 1,617 4 to (16 repeat) HTML+CSS 64.% 6, HTML with Link 44.6% 4,789 +,11 3 to 4 5 *Compared to the all-html method; refers to the size of the HTML document only. Source: Eric Meyer on CSS by Eric A. Meyer Faster download = better usability 9 3 informatiesystemen 5
6 K + N Corporate Identity Header Bar Structural>> Navigation>> Local Navigational Links Search Contact Information Page Title Graphics Page Content Corporate Identity Navigation Bar Document structure Formatting tasks / presentation areas Approved by text, maintainer contact & date 31 3 % & ' Pros:! 5 5 5! 5! % ( "%!% % &!!5P % &! %!! % &! Cons: &.! - 3!! % 9 (O4 9 ( ) 5 M"! % % "! "?!B?!: P@EQR B? : PSQR B? B 9 4 O,? P>FFR : : :B <html> <title>the style of TIME magazine</title> p.initial:first-line { text-transform: uppercase p.initial:first-letter { font-size: %; float: left <h1>a sample article</h1> <p class="initial">the first line of the first paragraph in a TIME magazine article is printed in uppercase letters. <p>the text in the second paragraph has no special formatting.</p> </html> 35 ( ) CSS1 introduced styles for the following document features: Fonts Text Color Backgrounds Block-level Elements CSS introduced styles for the following document features: Positioning Visual Formatting Media Types Interfaces CSS3 (still in development) will introduce styles for the following features: User Interfaces Accessibility Columnar layout International Features Mobile Devices Scalable Vector Graphics 36 informatiesystemen 6
7 .5 K "/!!(T"O' = & %!11%% % "" 1! +,-.U (& &! 11% %% 1 & 11% %% % > 11% %% 1 &! %! %!%%% P, (& &, &. % %%! V 37 > '! (& & %!5 %! % L - "%! % % %!! %! (& & 5%!G4 ' %!(& &!! " %! %! 38 informatiesystemen 7
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