Building a framework for semantic cultural heritage data

Transcription

1 Building a framework for semantic cultural heritage data Valentine Charles VALA2016 Arrival of a Portuguese ship Anonymous , Rijksmuseum Netherlands, Public Domain

2 IT ALL STARTS BY A LONG JOURNEY! Concours de cycles nautiques sur le lac d Enghien : Berregent piloté par Austerling Agence de presse Meurisse 1914, National Library of France France, Public Domain

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4 EDM past and present

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6 A vision

7 and the reality Building a framework for semantic cultural heritage

8 Elegant Party on a Terrace of a Venetianinspired Setting BUILDING A COMMON DATA FRAMEWORK Anonymous 1615, Rijksmuseum Netherlands, Public Domain

9 A first attempt: The Europeana Semantic Elements dc:contributor, dc:creator, dc:date, dc:format, dc:identifier, dc:language, dc:publisher, dc:relation, dc:source, dcterms:alternative, dcterms:extent, dcterms:temporal, dcterms:medium, dcterms:created, dcterms:provenance, dcterms:issued, dcterms:conformsto, dcterms:hasformat, dcterms:isformatof, dcterms:hasversion, dcterms:isversionof, dcterms:haspart, dcterms:ispartof, dcterms:isreferencedby europeana:type, europeana:dataprovider, europeana:provider, europeana:isshownat, europeana:isshownby, europeana:object, europeana:rights

10 A first attempt: The Europeana Semantic Elements A flat model With no links between cultural objects or between objects and context entities (persons, places) Mixing data on real object and digital representation and provider information Causing a lot of mapping quality problems.

11 A new model, linked-data style Cross-community re-use of data models Models that re-use existing models Semantic Web technology allows mixing them! Collaborative, softer form of standardization

12 A new data framework: the Europeana Data Model (EDM) A data model that re-uses several existing Semantic Web-based models OAI-OR Adopt Semantic Web representation principles (RDF) Re-use and mix different vocabularies together Preserve original data and still allow for interoperability E OWL

13 EDM basic pattern London Melbourne Dijkstra, R.H.

14 Connect Libraries to other domains Create a semantic layer on top of cultural heritage objects

15 EDM IN EUROPEANA Concours de cycles nautiques sur le lac d Enghien : Berregent piloté par Austerling Agence de presse Meurisse 1914, National Library of France France, Public Domain

16 EDM in the Europeana platform Europeana now aggregates, processes, enriches metadata from the cultural heritage sector in Europe using EDM Provides a portal for users to access data and objects Metadata under Creative Commons Zero - public domain Previews and links to source

17 Building semantic links between objects EDM allows Europeana to build a network of digital and born-digital cultural heritage objects thanks to the representation of semantic links and relationships between objects.

18 Building a network of contextual information Europeana builds its Semantic Layer by linking to contextual resources (e.g. concepts, persons, places).

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20 Publishing data in EDM Europeana publishes EDM data Via the Europeana API Via Linked Open Data at data.europeana.eu

21 EDM AS A FRAMEWORK FOR CULTURAL HERITAGE DATA Concours de cycles nautiques sur le lac d Enghien : Berregent piloté par Austerling Agence de presse Meurisse 1914, National Library of France France, Public Domain

22 A community driven model The input from the different communities makes the model stronger A important effort is made on the collection of requirements

23 Enable interoperability Many projects and partners have worked on enabling metadata interoperability with Europeana either directly mapping their metadata to EDM according to the guidelines Application profile EDM Mapping or creating specialisations of EDM for representing specific use-cases and minimising the loss of metadata from their original metadata format to EDM Extension

24 Make the model re-usable EDM is developed to be as re-usable as possible. EDM can be seen as an anchor to which various finer-grained models can be attached, enhancing their interoperability at a semantic level Re-using existing vocabularies and defining mappings with existing standards is crucial for EDM to remain reusable by the cultural heritage domain

25 An example Digital Manuscripts to Europeana

26 Maintaining EDM as an open and living standard The model is well- documented and openly shared In a human-readable and machine-readable documentation Different documentation is produced for the various profiles of EDM

27 AND FOR THE FUTURE? Concours de cycles nautiques sur le lac d Enghien : Berregent piloté par Austerling Agence de presse Meurisse 1914, National Library of France France, Public Domain

28 The design of data models is decentralized and tailored to specific applications, while the data created and exchanged with them still forms a vast, semantically interoperable knowledge environment. (Knowledge = Information in Context: on the Importance of Semantic Contextualisation in Europeana, 2008 ) The birth of Adonis and the transformation of Myrrha Luigi Garzi The Wellcome Library United Kingdom, CC BY

29 Finer-grained representation of rights information

30 Support for Annotations API DBpedia skos:related skos:concept ss_instrument Available Vocabularies / Datasets oa:semantictag #tag1 oa:tagging oa:hasbody oa:motivatedby edm:providedcho oa:hastarget oa:annotation /annotation/... Modelling and Building Exchanging a framework Annotations for semantic for Europeana cultural heritage Projectsdata

31 In true linked data fashion, EDM profiles can be developed without Europeana having to update the core model. Elements can be attached to the model without a corresponding implementation in Europeana's core platform. (Enhancing the European Data Model, 2015) Tournoi royal de motos à Londres : changement d'une roue de side-car en marche Agence de presse Mondial Photo-Presse. 1932, National Library of France France, Public Domain

32 Maintaining interoperability in a growing ecosystem What should be the end- goal of EDM? Centralised and reference model versus extensions of the models What should be the criteria for extending the model?

33 A simple model for complex data The success of EDM comes with its core base But data providers now complains of its complexity This can have lot of impact on the data quality

34 A solution: continue the soft standardization of the model Continue to develop EDM as an iterative process by re-using as much as possible existing solutions Developing and adopting best practices If Europeana can t develop the best practices ourselves we will voice the requirements of cultural heritage within new groups (e.g., W3C) Encouraging re-use of EDM

35 Developing new solutions to support interoperability Further work on data validation is required ( e.g. RDF validation standards ) Softer approaches to data checking could be designed More warnings and metrics to guide the data producers Crowdsourcing could be very valuable Especially to get a better grounding of what users generally need in data quality

36 To conclude Develop data models that are interoperable reusable Involve your stakeholders from the beginning and keep them involved Rely on technologies to help addressing more complex problems And if you can t do it provide use cases!

37 With input slides from Antoine Isaac &Hugo Manguinhas, R&D team