Knowledge Engineering Models and Tools for the Digital Scholarly Publishing of Manuscripts

Transcription

1 Knowledge Engineering Models and Tools for the Digital Scholarly Publishing of Manuscripts Semantic Web for the Digital Humanities Sahar Aljalbout, Giuseppe Cosenza, Luka Nerima, Gilles Falquet 1

2 Cultural Heritage Data Unexploited rich digital corpora Massive Corpora A model to deal with intensive knowledge tasks in the field of Scientific Manuscripts 2

3 Ferdinand de Saussure ( ) Linguist: General Linguistics, Comparative Grammar and Social Sciences Few Publications : Never published in General Linguistics Course in General Linguistics: 1916 based on the notes of his students Philological Studies on CLG 3

4 handwritten pages: libraries of Geneva, Paris and Harvard. Organization based on the archivist criteria: General thematic and arrival order Thematic Categorization required: Scientific thematization Handwritten by Saussure student Notes de linguistique générale Thematic: Bibliothèque de Genève Archive de Saussure 372/5 f 171 Histoire de la linguistique Handwritten by Saussure Notes de linguistique générale Bibliothèque de Genève Ms Fr 3951/10 ff 31v-32 Thematic: Langage 4

5 Chronological order and text order problems 1. Archivist classification: notes pour un article sur Whitney 2. Thematic classification 3. Date and chronological problem 4. Text order problem 5

6 Saussurian s Needs Retrieving and Accessing MSS visualization, thematic classification plan Understanding unsettled/evolutionary terminology Dating writing date, chronological order of MSS Publishing disclose the author s work 6

7 How to transform the humanists researchers needs into a digital model? How should the digital model be structured? Requirements Interconnected model of manuscripts, transcriptions, and domain knowledge related to the manuscripts content Visualization system for this interconnected model 7

8 Semantic Infrastructure for Scientific Manuscripts 1. Text Documents 2. Knowledge Resources 3. Linking Structure 8

9 1. Manuscripts one or more handwritten pages Text Documents 2. Transcriptions as exact as possible copies of the MSS 3. Scientific documents books, articles 9

10 Knowledge Resources: Ontologies Formal specification of a shared conceptualization Persons Ontology of Persons Alignment??? Events Ontology of Events Locations Ontology of Locations 10

11 Knowledge Resources: Terminologies and Taxonomies 1. Terminologies different representation of technical terms used by Saussure Evolution of Saussure s term Langage Langue Evolutionary Terminology Langage Langue Parole Time Line Langage La Langue Les langues Parole Classical Terminology Ablaut Langage Langue Parole Zèro 2. Taxonomies Thematic Categorization of the MSS General Linguistics Researches Comparative linguistics 11

12 Linking Structure: Document Links 1. Internal Document Links (thematic similarity, contradictions) 1.1. Manuscript-Manuscript 1.2. Transcription-Transcription 1.3. ScientificDocument-ScientificDocument Manuscripts 2. External Document Links 2.1. Manuscript-Transcriptions (has transcription) 2.2. Transcriptions-ScientificDocument (Quotes) Transcriptions Scientific Documents 12

13 Linking Structure: Knowledge Resource Links Onto_Persons Onto_Events Onto_Locations 13

14 Linking Structure: Documents-to-KnowledgeResources Documents Knowledge Resources Ont_Persons Evol. Term. Clas. Term. Ont_Places Ont_events Taxonomy

15 1. Adding Manuscripts and Transcriptions Provided Services 2. Importing Knowledge Resources handle different formal languages (OWL, SKOS, RDFS) 3. Semantic Indexing of texts with Multiple Ontologies 4. Creation and computation of semantic links thematic similarity 5. Spatial and Temporal reasoning tag each MSS with the inferred time and space 6. Generation of derived documents selecting elements of the knowledge base to produce a new document 7. Knowledge Base Navigation and Retrieval interactive hypertext links, concept based navigation 15

16 Examples of possible use 1. Semantic Indexing of a Transcription 2. Terminology Loading and Navigation in the Knowledge Base 16

17 Semantic Indexing of a Transcription C1 Ref <fds:3.1-langue> C2 Ref <fds:3.2-langue> Langue (organe) [] quel que soit d ailleurs le point (alvéolaire ou palatal) vers lequel la langue est dirigée [] [] Terminology Langue (système de signes) [] La langue pour nous ce sera le produit social dont l existence permet à l individu l exercice de la faculté du langage [] [] Nous pouvons dire que le langage se manifeste toujours au moyen d une langue; il est inexistant sans cela. [] Section1 Jusqu ici l homme n a encore fait usage ni de sa langue, ni de son palais ni de ses dents, et c est à l aide de ces instruments qu il arrivera en dernier lieu au son dental, le plus compliqué des trois. (Essai, 1874) Section2 Transcriptions Donc la langue est: un ensemble de conventions nécessaires adoptées par le corps social pour permettre l usage de la faculté du langage chez les individus. La faculté du langage est un fait distinct de la langue mais qui ne peut s exercer sans elle. (II cours de linguistique générale, , Riedlinger notes) 17

18 Terminology Loading and Navigation in the Knowledge Base 18

19 Implementation with Semantic Web Techniques Adopted technologies 3 databases: image db, triple store for manuscripts and transcriptions and derived documents db Data stored as RDF triples in OpenRDF sesame triple store Corpus Acquisition Handwritten Pages/ 5000 Transcriptions MSS images from Geneva s library Contextual Knowledge extracted with collaboration of Saussurian experts (People, events and places ontologies) 19

20 Conclusion Infrastructure for the storage, semantic enrichment, visualization, and publication of a corpus of scientific manuscripts. Implementation with Semantic Web techniques Infrastructure applied to Ferdinand de Saussure s work but can be used on any corpus of manuscripts 20