Object Storage Service FAQ. Issue 14 Date HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

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1 Issue 14 Date HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

2 Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior written consent of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Trademarks and Permissions and other Huawei trademarks are trademarks of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All other trademarks and trade names mentioned in this document are the property of their respective holders. Notice The purchased products, services and features are stipulated by the contract made between Huawei and the customer. All or part of the products, services and features described in this document may not be within the purchase scope or the usage scope. Unless otherwise specified in the contract, all statements, information, and recommendations in this document are provided "AS IS" without warranties, guarantees or representations of any kind, either express or implied. The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Every effort has been made in the preparation of this document to ensure accuracy of the contents, but all statements, information, and recommendations in this document do not constitute a warranty of any kind, express or implied. Issue 14 ( ) Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. i

3 Contents Contents 1 OBS Basics What Is OBS? What Can We Do Using OBS? How Do I Subscribe to OBS? How Do I Access OBS? How Am I Charged for OBS? How to Purchase OBS? What Are the Advantages of OBS? What Are the Advantages of Object Storage When Compared with SAN and NAS Storage? Which Types of Data Can Be Stored in OBS? What Is the Data Volume That I Can Store in OBS? Does OBS Support Traffic Monitoring? What Are the Minimum and Maximum Sizes of an Object that Can Be Stored in OBS? What Storage Classes Does OBS Support? What Are the Application Scenarios of OBS? Can Folders in OBS Be Used the Same Way As in a File System? What Tools Can I Use to Manage OBS? Where Is My Data Stored? How Can I Determine Which Region to Store My Data? What Is the Relationship Between OBS Bucket Names and Domain Names? Does OBS Support Access Over HTTPS? Does OBS Support Redundant Backup? Can Other Users Access My Data Stored in OBS? Security How Is Data Security Ensured in OBS? Does OBS Scan for My Data for Other Purposes? Can Background Management Personnel Export My Data from OBS? How Does OBS Prevent My Data from Being Stolen? How Can I Control Access to the Data in OBS? Can I Replace the AK and SK When I Call an API to Use OBS? Can Users Share the Same Pair of AK and SK to Access OBS? Do I Access the Same OBS Resources from OBS Console and OBS Browser? Which Encryption Technologies Are Supported by OBS?...11 Issue 14 ( ) Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. ii

4 Contents 2.10 Can I Restore Data that Is Deleted Incorrectly? Will Data Residuals Exist on OBS After I Delete Data? Buckets and Objects What Is a Bucket? What Is an Object? Bucket Storage Class vs. Object Storage Class Does OBS Support Resumable Data Transfer? Does OBS Support Batch Upload? Does OBS Allow Multiple Objects in a Bucket to Be Deleted in a Batch? Can I Share My Data Stored in OBS? Can I Rename an Object? Can I Copy a File Between Buckets? Can I Move a File Between Buckets? How Do I Use Object Metadata? What Is Object Metadata? What Can I Do with Object Metadata? How Do I Use Fragment Management? What Are Fragments? How Do I Manage Fragments? How Do I Use Versioning? What Is Versioning? What Is Versioning Used for? Can I Upload Objects with the Same Name to a Specific Folder? How Do I Use Tags? What are Tags on OBS? What Can I Do with Tags? Event Notification What Is Event Notification in OBS? What Can I Do with Event Notification? Logging Can I Obtain Bucket Operation Logs from OBS? How Do I Use Lifecycle Mangement? What Is Lifecycle Management? What Are the Application Scenarios of Lifecycle Management? How Do I Use Static Website Hosting? Can OBS Host My Static Websites? Which Types of Websites Are Suitable for Static Website Hosting on OBS? Does OBS Support Website Redirection? How Do I Use Cross-Region Replication?...29 Issue 14 ( ) Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. iii

5 Contents 12.1 What Is Cross-Region Replication? What Are the Application Scenarios of Cross-Region Replication? How Do I Use CORS? What Is CORS? In Which Scenarios Do I Need to Use CORS? Change History Issue 14 ( ) Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. iv

6 1 OBS Basics 1 OBS Basics 1.1 What Is OBS? (OBS) is a stable, secure, efficient, and easy-to-use cloud storage service. It provides highly reliable storage capabilities at relatively low costs. 1.2 What Can We Do Using OBS? The OBS system and single buckets have no limit on the total capacity and the number of objects or files that can be stored. OBS provides users with unlimited storage capacity and is suitable for storing files in any format, thereby catering to various needs of common users, websites, enterprises, and developers. As a web service, OBS supports APIs over Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS). With either OBS Console or OBS clients, you can access and manage data stored in OBS from any computer connected to the Internet anytime, anywhere. OBS supports REST APIs. It enables users to easily manage data stored in OBS and develop upper-layer service applications as needed. 1.3 How Do I Subscribe to OBS? Apply for a cloud service account, enable OBS on the official website, and then obtain the access keys to access OBS. 1.4 How Do I Access OBS? You can use OBS Console to directly manage data. Use REST APIs to access and manage data. If REST APIs are invoked, the automatically allocated domain name of each bucket can be used for access. You can also use OBS Browser or a third-party client to manage data in OBS. Issue 14 ( ) Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 1

7 1 OBS Basics 1.5 How Am I Charged for OBS? OBS provides two billing modes. You can pay per use or purchase yearly/monthly packages. The CDN acceleration service charges once it is enabled. For details about the price, see CDN Pricing Details. 1.6 How to Purchase OBS? OBS is charged in pay per use mode by default, based on actual service duration (in hours), without a minimum fee. OBS can also be charged in monthly/yearly subscription mode. For details about how to purchase OBS, see Purchasing OBS. 1.7 What Are the Advantages of OBS? OBS has the following advantages: Reliable data durability and service continuity: OBS is used by the Huawei Cloud Album for mobile phones, and able to support the access by hundreds of millions of users. Device and data redundancy within each availability zone (AZ) and data disaster recovery across AZs help deliver a data durability of % (11 nines) and a service continuity of 99.99%, far higher than those of conventional storage. Multi-level protection and authorization management: OBS has passed the Trusted Cloud Service (TRUCS) certification. The multiple data protection mechanisms, including versioning, server-side encryption, uniform resource locator (URL) validation, virtual private cloud (VPC)-based network isolation, access log audit, and fine-grained permission control, ensure data security persistently. Intelligent scheduling for smooth data access: With intelligent scheduling and response, OBS optimizes data access experiences. Transfer acceleration, event notification, and Big Data oriented optimization further improve user experiences on the basis of massive concurrency, large bandwidth, and minimized latencies. Easy to use and manage: OBS supports REST APIs, multi-language SDKs, and data migration tools, allowing rapid service rollout in the cloud. You do not need to plan storage capacity in advance. Storage resources are scalable automatically, relieving you of worries about resource expansion or reduction. Two charging options: OBS offers the pay-per-use and monthly/yearly billing modes. Data in each of the Standard, Infrequent Access, and Archive storage classes can be metered and charged independently, reducing storage costs. 1.8 What Are the Advantages of Object Storage When Compared with SAN and NAS Storage? SAN storage provides LUNs or volumes for applications. LUNs and volumes are organization forms of disk space. Upper-layer applications use the Fibre Channel or iscsi protocol to access the SAN storage. SAN storage focuses on disk management. For other purposes, SAN storage must rely on upper-layer applications. Issue 14 ( ) Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2

8 1 OBS Basics NAS storage provides file systems or folders for applications. Upper-layer applications use the NFS or CIFS protocol to access the NAS storage. Directory trees of file systems must be maintained. Object storage is suitable for web applications. A massive bucket storage space is provided based on a URL address to store a wide range of file objects. Object storage adopts a flat architecture. Users do not need to maintain complex file directories. There is no need to worry about insufficient storage space because the storage space of a bucket is almost infinite. 1.9 Which Types of Data Can Be Stored in OBS? OBS can store all types of data What Is the Data Volume That I Can Store in OBS? The storage capacity of the entire OBS system or a single bucket is unlimited, and the number of objects that can be stored is also unlimited Does OBS Support Traffic Monitoring? Yes, OBS supports traffic monitoring. You can view the usage of bucket resources on OBS Console or monitor the usage of OBS resources on the Cloud Eye platform What Are the Minimum and Maximum Sizes of an Object that Can Be Stored in OBS? The minimum size and maximum size of each object are 0 bytes and 48.8 TB respectively. If you upload an object through OBS Console, the maximum size of the object is 50 MB. If you upload an object through an OBS client, the maximum size of the object is 48.8 TB What Storage Classes Does OBS Support? OBS offers three storage classes: Standard, Infrequent Access, and Archive, comprehensively meeting customers' varying requirements on storage performance and costs. Different storage classes meet different needs for storage performance and costs. The Standard storage class features low access latency and high throughput. It is therefore applicable to storing massive hot files (frequently access every month) or small files (less than 1 MB). The application scenarios include Big Data analytics, mobile apps, hot videos, and storing of social images. The Infrequent Access storage class is applicable to storing semi-frequently accessed (less than 12 times a year) data requiring quick response. The application scenarios include file synchronization or sharing, and enterprise-level backup. It provides the same durability, access latency, and throughput as the Standard storage class but at a lower price. However, the Infrequent Access storage class has lower availability than the Standard one. Issue 14 ( ) Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 3

9 1 OBS Basics The Archive storage class is applicable to archiving rarely-accessed (averagely once a year) data. The application scenarios include data archiving and long-term data retention for backup. The Archive storage class is secure, durable, and inexpensive, which can replace tape libraries. However, it can take up to hours to restore data from the archive storage class What Are the Application Scenarios of OBS? Video Surveillance OBS can be used in video surveillance, video on demand (VoD), backup and archiving, HPC, mobile Internet, and enterprise cloud box (web disk) scenarios. OBS provides huge storage space for video surveillance solutions. It also provides Standard, Infrequent Access, and Archive storage classes for differentiated data storage. Figure 1-1 Video surveillance Video on Demand OBS can work with the Content Delivery Network (CDN) service to provide the fast online video playback function, large storage space, single-stream bandwidth, and concurrent access. Issue 14 ( ) Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 4

10 1 OBS Basics Figure 1-2 VoD Backup and Archiving OBS provides low-cost and highly-reliable access to storage. Different storage classes can be selected based on your specific requirements. Figure 1-3 Backup and archiving HPC By working with cloud services such as Elastic Cloud Server (ESC), Auto Scaling (AS), Elastic Volume Service (EVS), Image Management Service (IMS), Identity and Access Management (IAM), and Cloud Eye, OBS can provide high-performance computing (HPC) with huge capacity, large single-stream bandwidth, and secure and reliable solutions. Issue 14 ( ) Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 5

11 1 OBS Basics Figure 1-4 HPC Mobile Internet By working with cloud service such as ECS, Elastic Load Balance (ELB), Relational Database Service (RDS), CDN, and Domain Name Service (DNS), OBS provides the mobile Internet scenarios with solutions that have scalable resources, flexible configurations, large capacity, reliable security, and high concurrency. Figure 1-5 Mobile Internet Enterprise Cloud Box (Web Disk) By working with cloud services such as ECS, ELB, RDS, and Volume Backup Service (VBS), OBS provides web disk scenarios with a storage system that allows high concurrency, high reliability, low latency, and low cost. The storage capacity automatically scales as the volume of data stored increases. Issue 14 ( ) Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 6

12 1 OBS Basics Figure 1-6 Enterprise cloud box (web disk) 1.15 Can Folders in OBS Be Used the Same Way As in a File System? No. Unlike a file system, OBS does not involve the concepts of file and folder. For easy data management, OBS provides a method to simulate folders. In OBS, an object is simulated as a folder by adding a slash (/) to the object name in OBS Console What Tools Can I Use to Manage OBS? You can access OBS through the management console, clients, and the API. Table 1-1 Methods for accessing OBS Method OBS Console Description OBS Console is a web-based GUI. Through the console, you can perform operations on OBS resources directly. Issue 14 ( ) Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 7

13 1 OBS Basics Method OBS Browser obscmd SDK API Description OBS Browser is an OBS client running on Windows and Mac operating systems. You can use OBS Browser to manage the storage of objects on your PC. obscmd is an OBS client running on the Linux operating system. It allows you to upload local files to OBS or download files from OBS. obscmd features multipart uploading and downloading, which can greatly speed up data transmission. OBS SDK encapsulates APIs provided by OBS to simplify user development. Users can directly use API functions provided by the OBS SDK to obtain the OBS service capabilities. With the API, you can easily access OBS from web applications. By making API calls, you can upload and download data at anytime, anywhere, or through any Internet device Where Is My Data Stored? When creating a bucket on OBS, you can specify a region. In this region, you can store your data on multiple devices How Can I Determine Which Region to Store My Data? You can determine a region to store your data based on your personal requirements. You may want to store data in a region that meets the following requirements: A region that is close to your customers, data centers, and other OBS resources, shortening data access latency. A region remote from the operational location, achieving geographical redundancy and disaster recovery. A region that is in compliance with specific laws and regulations according to your requirements What Is the Relationship Between OBS Bucket Names and Domain Names? The OBS bucket name is the name of the bucket you created. The domain name is the endpoint of the region where the bucket is located. The OBS bucket name and domain name (bucket name.domain name) can form the access domain name of your OBS bucket. Issue 14 ( ) Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 8

14 1 OBS Basics 1.20 Does OBS Support Access Over HTTPS? OBS supports access over HTTPS. When accessing OBS using the domain name allocated by OBS, you only need to replace http in the URL of the bucket or object with https in the browser. When the OBS uses the user-defined domain name binding function while CDN acceleration is not enabled, the user-defined domain name cannot be accessed using HTTPS. Only the user-defined domain name can be accessed using HTTP. After the user-defined domain name is bound successfully, if you want to use HTTPS for access, you need to import the SSL certificate to the browser and then use HTTPS to access. When the CDN is used, you can manage HTTPS certificates on the CDN management console, and access OBS over HTTPS. For details about how to manage HTTPS certificates on the CDN management console, see Configuring HTTPS Secure Acceleration Does OBS Support Redundant Backup? You are advised to perform the following backup operations: OBS supports the multi-az mode. You can enable the multi-az mode when creating a bucket, so that data is stored in multiple AZs redundantly. OBS supports cross-region replication. You can copy data from buckets from one region to another region to implement cloud backup. You can also download data from the OBS to your local host and back up data locally Can Other Users Access My Data Stored in OBS? Yes. Bucket ACLs and bucket policies can be used to authorize other users the permission to read the bucket. Then the authorized users can access the bucket through APIs, SDKs, and OBS clients. For example: You can access an external bucket by adding to OBS Browser, or obtain the access path of the bucket. When you add an external bucket to OBS Browser, the permission to the bucket need to be configured through the bucket ACL. For objects, you can authorize other users the permission to read the objects by configuring object ACLs, object policies, or bucket policies. Alternatively, you can configure the object sharing function. Then authorized users can access the objects through URLs, APIs, SDKs, and OBS clients. For example, you can access objects by entering the access paths in your OBS clients. Issue 14 ( ) Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 9

15 2 Security 2 Security 2.1 How Is Data Security Ensured in OBS? OBS is inherently secure. It provides end-to-end security services. For example, if a bucket or an object is undisclosed when you access the bucket or object, only the owner of the bucket or object can access it. Further, the access to the bucket or object requires an AK and SK. You can also use various access control mechanisms (such as bucket policies and ACLs) to select users and user groups and grant them permissions. OBS supports data transfer over the HTTPS/SSL protocol. Data encryption prior to upload is available to meet your higher security requirements. 2.2 Does OBS Scan for My Data for Other Purposes? OBS only determines whether data blocks exist or are damaged (repairs data if damaged) by scanning for the data. It does not read specific data. 2.3 Can Background Management Personnel Export My Data from OBS? Administrators cannot export user data. If a bucket or an object is undisclosed when you access the bucket or object, only the owner of the bucket or object can access it. The access to the bucket or object requires an AK and SK. 2.4 How Does OBS Prevent My Data from Being Stolen? Only the owner of a bucket or an object can access it. The access to the bucket or object requires an AK and SK. In addition, multiple access control mechanisms such as the ACLs, bucket policies, and URL validation are used to ensure data access security. 2.5 How Can I Control Access to the Data in OBS? You can use the following mechanisms to control access to the data on OBS: Issue 14 ( ) Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 10

16 2 Security AK and SK identity authentication The account provided by OBS includes the access key ID (AK) and secret access key (SK), which are used for identity authentication. If you use a client to send a request to OBS, the request header must contain a signature. The signature is generated based on the SK, request time, and request type. ACLs An access control list (ACL) is a list that defines grantees and their granted permissions. Bucket ACLs control access to buckets for accounts and user groups. A bucket owner can grant access permissions to other accounts or user groups by configuring the bucket ACL. By default, only the bucket owner can access objects in the bucket. All users under the same account have the same permissions by default. You can also assign different permissions to users under the same account by configuring the bucket policy. A bucket ACL can be used to authorize permissions only to accounts. A bucket policy can be used to authorize permissions to accounts or users under the accounts. Bucket policies You can define bucket rules to control the permissions of users and accounts for accessing OBS resources. For example, if a request is from an IP address or an IP address segment, you can use a bucket policy to grant the write permission to a user or account. A bucket policy can be used to grant and deny permissions. 2.6 Can I Replace the AK and SK When I Call an API to Use OBS? You can replace the AK and SK anytime you use OBS. 2.7 Can Users Share the Same Pair of AK and SK to Access OBS? Yes. An AK and an SK group into a pair of keys used to access OBS. Different users can use the same pair of AK and SK to access the same resources in OBS. 2.8 Do I Access the Same OBS Resources from OBS Console and OBS Browser? Yes. You can use usernames and passwords to log in to OBS Console. On the My Credential page, you can create AKs and SKs. If you use the same AKs and SKs to log in to OBS Browser, then you can see the same resources as in OBS Console. 2.9 Which Encryption Technologies Are Supported by OBS? Before uploading your data to OBS, you can encrypt the data to ensure security during transmission and storage. OBS has no restrictions on encryption technologies employed on clients. Issue 14 ( ) Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 11

17 2 Security OBS allows users to encrypt objects using server-side encryption so that the objects can be securely stored on OBS. The objects to be uploaded can be encrypted using SSE-KMS. You need to create a key using KMS or use the default key provided by KMS. Then you can use the KMS key to perform server-side encryption when uploading objects on OBS. After server-side encryption is enabled, objects to be uploaded will be encrypted and stored on the server. When downloading the encrypted objects, the encrypted data will be decrypted on the server and displayed in plaintext to users. OBS supports both SSE-KMS and server-side encryption with customer-provided keys (SSE- C) by invoking APIs. In SSE-C mode, OBS uses the keys and MD5 values provided by customers for server-side encryption Can I Restore Data that Is Deleted Incorrectly? You are advised to enable versioning. Objects can be deleted by version ID. If an object is deleted with no version ID specified, the object is only attached with a delete marker but is not physically deleted. You can restore it. If versioning is not enabled or an object is deleted with its version ID specified after the function is enabled, OBS will delete the object, and you cannot restore it Will Data Residuals Exist on OBS After I Delete Data? After you select the data that you want to clear, OBS will completely delete the data and no residual data remains. This prevents any potential information leaks. Issue 14 ( ) Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 12

18 3 Buckets and Objects 3 Buckets and Objects 3.1 What Is a Bucket? Buckets are containers that store objects in OBS. OBS provides flat storage in the form of buckets and objects. Unlike the conventional multi-layer directory structure of file systems, all objects in a bucket are stored at the same logical layer. Each bucket name in OBS must be globally unique and cannot be changed once the bucket is created. When a bucket is created, its access control list (ACL) is generated by default. The ACL is used to authorize users with permissions to your resources. Only authorized users can perform bucket operations, such as creating, deleting, viewing, and configuring buckets. An account can have 100 buckets. The number and total size of objects in a bucket are not restricted, relieving you of worries about space scalability. 3.2 What Is an Object? Objects are basic units stored in OBS. It contains both data and the metadata that describes data attributes. Data uploaded to OBS is stored in buckets as objects. An object consists of data, metadata, and a key. A key specifies the name of an object. An object key is a string ranging from 1 to 1024 characters in UTF-8 format. Each object is uniquely identified by a key within a bucket. Metadata: Metadata provides descriptions about objects, which contains system metadata and custom metadata. The metadata is a set of key-value pairs that are assigned to objects stored in OBS. System metadata is automatically assigned by OBS for managing objects. System metadata including Date, Content-Length, Last-Modified, Content-MD5, and more. Custom metadata is specified by users to describe objects when the objects are uploaded to OBS. Data is the content contained by an object. Generally, objects are managed as files. However, OBS is an object-based storage service and it does not involve the file and folder concepts. For easy data management, OBS provides a method to simulate virtual folders. By adding a slash (/) in an object name, for example, test/ Issue 14 ( ) Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 13

19 3 Buckets and Objects 123.jpg, you can simulate test as a folder and 123.jpg as the name of a file in the test folder. However, the key of the object remains test/123.jpg. When uploading an object, you can set a storage class for the object. If no storage class is specified, the object is stored in the same storage class as the bucket where it resides. You can also change the storage class of an existing object in a bucket. On OBS Console or OBS clients, you can use folders the same way as they are used in a file system. 3.3 Bucket Storage Class vs. Object Storage Class When an object is uploaded, it inherits the storage class of the bucket by default. You can change the default storage class for the object to be uploaded. Changing the storage class of a bucket does not change the storage classes of existing objects in the bucket, but newly uploaded objects inherit the new storage class by default. 3.4 Does OBS Support Resumable Data Transfer? OBS Browser supports resumable data transfer. However, OBS Console and APIs do not support this function. 3.5 Does OBS Support Batch Upload? OBS Browser supports batch upload. However, OBS Console does not support this function. OBS Browser allows you to upload multiple files or an entire folder at a time. 3.6 Does OBS Allow Multiple Objects in a Bucket to Be Deleted in a Batch? Yes. A maximum of 100 objects can be deleted in a batch. You can delete multiple objects in batches on OBS Console and OBS Browser. 3.7 Can I Share My Data Stored in OBS? OBS provides the object sharing function. With this function, you can enable users to access objects through the shared URLs. OBS provides object URLs. When the read permission on an object is granted to anonymous users, all anonymous users can access the object using the URL. Encrypted objects cannot be shared. To share an archived object, restore it first. Issue 14 ( ) Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 14

20 3 Buckets and Objects 3.8 Can I Rename an Object? Yes. OBS Browser supports renaming files. You can rename one file at a time. 3.9 Can I Copy a File Between Buckets? Yes. OBS Browser supports file replication between buckets Can I Move a File Between Buckets? Yes. You can move a file between buckets through OBS Browser. Specifically, you can move a file or folder from a bucket to a specified path in another bucket. Then the file or folder in the source path is deleted. Issue 14 ( ) Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 15

21 4 How Do I Use Object Metadata? 4 How Do I Use Object Metadata? 4.1 What Is Object Metadata? Object metadata is a set of name-value pairs that are part of object management. 4.2 What Can I Do with Object Metadata? Table 4-1 OBS metadata Name ContentDisposition ContentLanguage Description Provides a default file name for the object that is being requested. When an object is being downloaded or accessed, the file with the default file name is directly displayed in the browser or a download dialog box is displayed if the file is being accessed. For example, select ContentDisposition as the metadata name and enter attachment;filename="testfile.xls" as the metadata value for an object. If you access the object through a link, a dialog box is directly displayed for downloading objects, and the object name is changed to testfile.xls. For details, see the definition about ContentDisposition in HTTP. Indicates the language or languages intended for the audience. Therefore, a user can differentiate according to the user's preferred language. For details, see the definition about ContentLanguage in HTTP. Issue 14 ( ) Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 16

22 4 How Do I Use Object Metadata? Name WebsiteRedirectLocation ContentEncoding CacheControl Expires Description Redirects an object to another object or an external URL. The redirection function is implemented using static website hosting. For example, you can perform the following operations to implement object redirection: 1. Set metadata of object testobject.html in the root directory of bucket testbucket. Select WebsiteRedirectLocation for Name and enter for Value. NOTE OBS only supports redirection for objects in the root directory of a bucket. It does not support redirection for objects in folders in a bucket. 2. Configure static website hosting for bucket testbucket, and set the object testobject.html in the bucket as the default home page of the hosted static website. 3. If you access object testobject.html through the URL link provided on the Configure Static Website Hosting page, the access request is redirected to Content encoding format when an object is downloaded. The options are as follows: Standard: compress, deflate, exi, identity, gzip, and pack200-gzip Others: br, bzip2, lzma, peerdist, sdch, xpress, xz Cache behavior of the web page when the specified object is downloaded. Cacheability: public, private, no-cache, and only-ifcached Expiration time: max-age=<seconds>, s- maxage=<seconds>, max-stale[=<seconds>], minfresh=<seconds>, stale-while-revalidate=<seconds>, stale-if-error=<seconds> Re-verification and reloading: must-revalidate, proxyrevalidate, immutable Others: no-store, no-transform Cache expiration time (GMT) Issue 14 ( ) Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 17

23 4 How Do I Use Object Metadata? Name ContentType Description File type of an object, which can be as follows: application/msword application/pdf application/vnd.android.package-archive application/x-compressed application/x-gzip application/zip audio/mpeg binary/octet-stream image/bmp image/gif image/jpeg image/png image/svg+xml image/tiff text/plain text/rtf text/html Issue 14 ( ) Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 18

24 5 How Do I Use Fragment Management? 5 How Do I Use Fragment Management? 5.1 What Are Fragments? Fragments are incomplete data in buckets generated due to data upload failures. Fragments are generated when multipart upload tasks fail. Such failures generally occur in the following scenarios: The network is in poor condition, and the connection to the OBS server is interrupted frequently. The upload task is manually suspended. The device is faulty. The device is powered off suddenly. 5.2 How Do I Manage Fragments? The fragment storage in OBS is charged. You can clear the fragments in a bucket on the OBS Console or OBS Browser. If fragments are generated due to interruptions of multipart upload tasks on OBS Browser, they will disappear once those tasks are finished. Issue 14 ( ) Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 19

25 6 How Do I Use Versioning? 6 How Do I Use Versioning? 6.1 What Is Versioning? OBS can store multiple versions of an object. You can quickly search for and restore different versions or restore data in the event of accidental deletions or application faults. 6.2 What Is Versioning Used for? Enabling Versioning Enabling versioning does not change the versions and contents of existing objects in the bucket. The version ID of an object is null before versioning is enabled. If a namesake object is uploaded after versioning is enabled, a version ID will be assigned to the object. For details, see Figure 6-1. Figure 6-1 Versioning (with existing objects) OBS automatically allocates a unique version ID to a newly uploaded object. Objects with the same name are stored in OBS with different version IDs. Issue 14 ( ) Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 20

26 6 How Do I Use Versioning? Figure 6-2 Versioning (for new objects) Table 6-1 Version description Version Latest version Historical version Description After versioning is enabled, each operation on an object will result in saving of the object with a new version ID. The version ID generated upon the latest operation is called the latest version. After versioning is enabled, each operation on an object will result in saving of the object with a new version ID. Version IDs generated upon operations other than the latest operation are called historical versions. The latest objects in a bucket are returned by default after a GET Object request. Objects can be downloaded by version IDs. By default, the latest object is downloaded if the version ID is not specified. You can select an object and click Delete on the right to delete the object. After the object is deleted, OBS generates a Delete Marker with a unique version ID for the deleted object, and the deleted object is displayed in the Deleted Objects list. The 404 error will be returned if attempts are made to access this deleted object. Figure 6-3 Object with a delete marker You can recover a deleted object by deleting the object version that has the Delete Marker. Issue 14 ( ) Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 21

27 6 How Do I Use Versioning? After an object is deleted, you can specify the version number in Deleted Objects to permanently delete the object of the specified version. An object is displayed either in the object list or the list of deleted objects. It will never be displayed in both the lists at the same time. For example, after object A is uploaded and deleted, it will be displayed in the Deleted Objects list. If you upload an object named A again, the object A will be displayed in the Objects list, and the previously deleted object A will no longer be displayed in the Deleted Objects list. For details, see Figure 6-4. Figure 6-4 Uploading a namesake object after the original one is deleted Suspending Versioning All object versions except those with Delete Marker stored in OBS are charged. Once the versioning function is enabled, it can be suspended but cannot be disabled. Once versioning is suspended, version IDs will no longer be allocated to newly uploaded objects. If an object with the same name already exists and does not have a version ID, the object will be overwritten. Figure 6-5 Object versions in the scenario when versioning is suspended If versions of objects in a bucket do not need to be controlled, you can suspend the versioning function. Issue 14 ( ) Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 22

28 6 How Do I Use Versioning? Historical versions will be retained in OBS. If you do not need these historical versions, manually delete them. Objects can be downloaded by version IDs. By default, the latest object is downloaded if the version ID is not specified. All historical object versions except those with Delete Marker stored in OBS are charged. 6.3 Can I Upload Objects with the Same Name to a Specific Folder? If versioning is enabled and an object is being uploaded, OBS automatically allocates a unique version ID to the object. Objects with the same name are stored on OBS with different version IDs. If versioning is not enabled and objects with the same name are being uploaded to a specific folder, the new object will overwrite the existing one. Issue 14 ( ) Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 23

29 7 How Do I Use Tags? 7 How Do I Use Tags? 7.1 What are Tags on OBS? Tags are used to identify and classify OBS buckets. 7.2 What Can I Do with Tags? If you add tags to a bucket, charging data records (CDRs) generated by the requests for this bucket will be added with these tags, so that you can use the tags to classify CDRs for detailed cost analysis. For example, if a running application uploads data to a bucket, you can tag the bucket with the application name. In this manner, the costs on the application can be analyzed using tags on CDRs. A tag is described using a key-value pair. A bucket can have a maximum of 10 tags. Each tag has only one key and one value. The key and value can exist in either sequence in a tag. Each key is unique among all tags of a bucket, whereas values can be repetitive or blank. Issue 14 ( ) Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 24

30 8 Event Notification 8 Event Notification 8.1 What Is Event Notification in OBS? You can use Simple Message Notification (SMN) to send alarms and notifications, and trigger workflows. 8.2 What Can I Do with Event Notification? You can use Simple Message Notification (SMN) to send alarms and notifications, and trigger workflows. OBS supports event notification for the following events: Use the PUT method to upload objects. Use the POST method to upload objects. Use the COPY method to replicate objects. Upload objects in multiparts. Delete objects by versions. Delete objects without specifying versions. You can specify the file name prefix and suffix as the filtering condition of event notifications. For example, you can add an event and specify that the notification is sent only when the files suffixed with.jpg or prefixed with images/ are added to the storage bucket. For details about the configuration, see Configuring Event Notification. Issue 14 ( ) Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 25

31 9 Logging 9 Logging 9.1 Can I Obtain Bucket Operation Logs from OBS? Yes. OBS can record bucket access requests in logs for request analysis and log audit. Logs occupy some OBS storage space rented by users, causing extra fees. For this reason, OBS does not collect bucket access logs by default. For the analysis or audit purpose, you can enable log management. Access logs enable a bucket owner to analyze the property, type, or trend of requests to the bucket in depth. When the logging function of a bucket is enabled, OBS will log access requests for the bucket automatically, and write the generated log files to the specified bucket (target bucket). Log files are stored to buckets in the following format: <TargetPrefix>YYYY-mm-DD-HH-MM-SS-<UniqueString> Issue 14 ( ) Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 26

32 10 How Do I Use Lifecycle Mangement? 10 How Do I Use Lifecycle Mangement? 10.1 What Is Lifecycle Management? Lifecycle management means periodically deleting objects in a bucket or transitioning between object storage classes by configuring rules What Are the Application Scenarios of Lifecycle Management? Lifecycle management applies to the following scenarios: Some periodically uploaded files need only to be retained for one week or one month, and can be deleted once they have expired. Documents are seldom accessed after a certain period of time. These files need to be transitioned to Infrequent Access or Archive storage or be deleted. You can define lifecycle rules for identifying objects and manage lifecycles of the objects based on the rules. Objects that are no longer frequently accessed are transitioned to Infrequent Access or Archive, further saving you costs. Issue 14 ( ) Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 27

33 11 How Do I Use Static Website Hosting? 11 How Do I Use Static Website Hosting? 11.1 Can OBS Host My Static Websites? OBS supports static website hosting. You can configure the static website hosting mode for your buckets in OBS Console. When a client accesses objects from the website endpoint of a bucket, the browser can directly resolve the web resources and present them to the end users Which Types of Websites Are Suitable for Static Website Hosting on OBS? Static websites contain static web pages and some scripts that can run on clients, such as JavaScript and Flash Does OBS Support Website Redirection? Yes. When using static website hosting, you can also configure redirection to redirect specific or all requests. If the structure, address, or file name extension of a website is changed, users will fail to access the website using the old address (such as the address saved in the folder of favorites), and the 404 error message is returned. In this case, you can configure redirection for the website to redirect user access requests to the specified page instead of returning the 404 error page. Redirecting all requests to another website. Redirecting specific requests based on redirection rules. Issue 14 ( ) Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 28

34 12 How Do I Use Cross-Region Replication? 12 How Do I Use Cross-Region Replication? 12.1 What Is Cross-Region Replication? Cross-region replication is a function that implements object replication across regions under the same domain. By configuring cross-region replication rules, you can enable OBS to automatically and asynchronously copy data from a source bucket to a destination bucket in another region What Are the Application Scenarios of Cross-Region Replication? The same OBS resources need to be accessed in different locations. To minimize the access latency, you can use cross-region replication to create object copies in the nearest region. Due to business reasons, you need to migrate OBS data to the data center in another region. To ensure data security and availability, you need to create explicit backups for all data written to OBS in the data center of another region. Therefore, secure backup data is available if the source data is damaged irrevocably. Issue 14 ( ) Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 29

35 13 How Do I Use CORS? 13 How Do I Use CORS? 13.1 What Is CORS? CORS is a browser-standard mechanism provided by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). It defines the interaction methods between client-side web applications in one origin and resources in another origin. For general web page requests, website scripts and contents in one origin cannot interact with those in another origin because of Same Origin Policies (SOPs) In Which Scenarios Do I Need to Use CORS? OBS CORS is used in the following scenarios: Enables JavaScript and HTML5 to be used for establishing web applications that can directly access resources in OBS. No proxy servers are required for transfer. Enables the dragging function of HTML5 to be used to upload files to OBS (with the upload progress displayed) or update OBS contents using web applications. Hosts external web pages, style sheets, and HTML5 applications in different origins. Web fonts or pictures in OBS can be shared by multiple websites. Issue 14 ( ) Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 30

36 14 Change History 14 Change History Release Date What's New This issue is the fourteenth official release. This issue incorporates the following changes: Added the about fragment management This issue is the thirteenth official release. This issue incorporates the following changes: Added the question about whether a user's data in OBS can be accessed by other users This issue is the twelfth official release. This issue incorporates the following changes: Added the question about renaming an object. Added the question about copying objects between buckets. Added the question about moving objects across buckets This issue is the eleventh official release. This issue incorporates the following changes: Added the question about the support of HTTPS. Added the question about redundant backup This issue is the tenth official release. This issue incorporates the following changes: Updated the answers to the question about versioning This issue is the ninth official release. This issue incorporates the following changes: Updated the answer for OBS charging. Issue 14 ( ) Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 31

37 14 Change History Release Date What's New This issue is the eighth official release. This issue incorporates the following changes: Added the questions about tags This issue is the seventh official release. This issue incorporates the following changes: Updated the answer for the batch upload This issue is the sixth official release. This issue incorporates the following changes: Added the cross-region replication function. Changed the software framework and updated screenshots This issue is the fifth official release. This issue incorporates the following changes: Added the traffic monitoring function. Changed the software framework and updated screenshots. Added object storage classes. Added the functions of changing bucket and object storage classes. Deleted charging overview and charging cases from the purchase guide. For details about the service fee, see price description This issue is the fourth official release. This issue incorporates the following changes: Added the following content in OBS Console Operation Guide. Added the description of projects to "Configuring Event Notification". Added the section of "Time Difference Is Longer Than 15 Minutes Between the Client and Server". Added the function of one-click bucket policy setting for a new bucket. Issue 14 ( ) Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 32

38 14 Change History Release Date What's New This issue is the third official release. This issue incorporates the following changes: Added the information about the endpoint and access domain name in the "Viewing Basic Information About a Bucket" section in OBS Console Operation Guide. Modified the URL format in the "Accessing an Object Using its URL" section in OBS Console Operation Guide. Added the configuration of universal policy in the "Configuring a Bucket Policy" section in OBS Console Operation Guide. Added the "Failed to Configure Event Notification" section under "Troubleshooting" in OBS Console Operation Guide. In OBS Purchase Guide, deleted the restriction on the account whose balance is less than CNY 100. Deleted the description about privacy protection from the "Registering a Public Cloud Service Account" section in OBS Quick Start This issue is the second official release. This issue incorporates the following changes: Added the "Documentation Guide" section in OBS Product Introduction. Added the "Related Operations" section in OBS Quick Start. Modified the "Configuring a Bucket Policy" section and added the "Details About Actions and Conditions" section in OBS Console Operation Guide This issue is the first official release. Issue 14 ( ) Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 33