Security Enhancements for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks with Trust Management Using Uncertain Reasoning

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1 Security Enhancements for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks with Trust Management Using Uncertain Reasoning Sapna B Kulkarni,B.E,MTech (PhD) Associate Prof, Dept of CSE RYM Engg.college, Bellari VTU Belgaum Shainaj.B 1, Shilpa 2, P. Lakshmi Devi 3, Vani s.g 4 Dept of CSE, RYM Engg College, Bellary VTU Belgaum Abstract-- With recent advances in wireless technologies and mobile devices, Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) have become popular as a key communication technology in military tactical environments such as establishment of communication networks used to coordinate military deployment among the soldiers, vehicles, and operational command center. Security in tactical MANETs is a challenging research topic. We propose a unified trust management scheme that enhances the security in MANETs using uncertain reasoning. In the proposed scheme, the trust model has two components: trust from direct observation and trust from indirect observation. With direct observation from an observer node. On the other hand, with indirect observation from neighbor nodes of the observer node. The proposed scheme differentiates data packets and control packets, and meanwhile excludes the other causes that result in dropping packets, such as unreliable wireless connections and buffer overflows. Keywords Mobile Ad hoc Network; direct and indirect observation; I. INTRODUCTION Mobile Adhoc networks area unit self-organizing and self configuring multi hop wireless networks wherever, the structure of the network changes dynamically. This can be principally as a result of the quality of the nodes. Nodes in these networks utilize identical random access wireless channel, cooperating in a very friendly manner to partaking themselves in multi hop forwarding. The nodes within the network not solely act as hosts however additionally as routers that route information to/from different nodes in network. Fig 1: Mobile Ad hoc Network NCICT-2016 Special Issue 2 Page 1

2 There are two complementary classes of approaches that can safeguard tactical MANETs: prevention-based and detection based approaches. Prevention-based approaches are studied comprehensively in MANETs. One issue of these prevention-based approaches is that a centralized key management infrastructure is needed, which may not be realistic in distributed networks such as MANETs. In addition, a centralized infrastructure will be the main target of rivals in battlefields. If the infrastructure is destroyed, then the whole network may be paralyzed. Furthermore, although prevention-based approaches can prevent misbehavior, there are still chances remained for malicious nodes to participate in the routing procedure and disturb proper routing establishment. From the experience in the design of security in wired networks, multi-level security mechanisms are needed. In MANETs, this is especially true given the low physical security of mobile devices. Serving as the second wall of protection, detection-based approaches can effectively help identify malicious activities. II. RELATED WORK Cognitive radio Mobile Ad Hoc Networks [1]-Cognitive radio (CR) technology is used to solve the problems in wireless networks resulting from the limited available spectrum and the inefficiency in the spectrum usage by exploiting the existing wireless spectrum opportunistically. It will provide an ultimate spectrum-aware communication paradigm in wireless communications. CR networks, however, impose unique challenges due to the high fluctuation in the available spectrum as well as diverse quality-of-service (QoS) requirements. In this paper, intrinsic properties and current research challenges of the CRAHNs (cognitive radio ad hoc networks), are presented. a new direction called the commons model is explained, where CRAHN users may independently regulate their own operation based on pre-decided spectrum etiquette. Joint topology control and authentication design [2]-in mobile ad hoc networks with cooperative communications Security is the main concern and bottleneck for widely deployed wireless applications due to the fact that wireless channels are vulnerable to attacks and that wireless bandwidth is a constrained resource. In this sense, it is desirable to adaptively achieve security according to the available resource. In this paper, focus is on authentication and topology control issues. both authentication and topology control schemes have significant impacts on throughput. In this paper, we jointly consider authentication and topology control. Specifically, we analyze the effective throughput with upper layer authentication schemes and physical-layer schemes related to channel conditions and relay selections for CCs (cooperative communication). A joint authentication and topology control (JATC) scheme is proposed to improve the throughput.jatc does not require prior perfect channel status but only channel estimate? They also mathematically prove the tracking convergence property and the convergence rate of the discrete stochastic optimization approach in this paper.simulation results show that the scheme can substantially improve throughput in MANETs with CC. Security and quality of service (QoS) co-design in cooperative mobile ad hoc networks [3]-Cooperative communication has been considered as a promising technique to improve communication quality of service (QoS) in wireless networks, including mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). Due to their unorganized and decentralized infrastructure, cooperative MANETs (CO-MANETs) are vulnerable to attacks initiated on relays. Although encryption and authentication protocols may prevent compromised data transmission when a selected relay is attacked, their cost is high. Authors have suggested a game-theoretic approach to quantitatively analyze the attack strategies of the attacker so as to make a rational decision on relay selection and the authentication parameter adaptation to reach a trade-off between security and QoS in CO-MANETs. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed approach for security and QoS co-design in CO-MANETs. Security Enhancement using Trust Management in MANETs [4]-The distinctive options of mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), victimization recent advances in unsure reasoning originated from AI community, they tend to projected a unified trust management schemes Mobile Adhoc networks area unit self organizing and self reconfiguring multi hop wireless networks wherever, the structure of the network changes dynamically the safety of the OLSR protocol is rib by a selected variety of attack known as Black Hole attack. During this attack a malicious node advertises itself as having the shortest path to the destination node. To combat with region attack, it\'s projected to attend and check the replies from all the neighboring nodes to search out a secure route with protection to our data, however this approach suffers from high delay. NCICT-2016 Special Issue 2 Page 2

3 III. PROPOSED SYSTEM Existing system do not exploit direct and indirect observation to evaluate the trust of an observed node. Indirect observation in existing system is only used to assess the reliability of nodes, which are not in the range of the observer node. Trust evaluation from direct observation failed to differentiate data packets and control packets. In MANETs, control packets usually are more important than data packets. Disadvantages of exiting system 1. Indirect observation in only used to assess the reliability of nodes. 2. Trust evaluation from direct observation failed to differentiate data packets and control packets. 3. Fails to give accurate trust values. We propose a unified trust management scheme that enhances the security in MANETs using uncertain reasoning. In the proposed scheme, the trust model has two components: trust from direct observation and trust from indirect observation. With direct observation from an observer node. On the other hand, with indirect observation from neighbor nodes of the observer node. The proposed scheme differentiates data packets and control packets, and meanwhile excludes the other causes that result in dropping packets, such as unreliable wireless connections and buffer overflows. Advantages of Proposed System 1.It gives accurate results. 2. It differentiates data packets and control packets, and meanwhile excludes the other causes that results in dropping packets. Framework of the Proposed Scheme: Based on the trust model, the framework of the proposed scheme is shown in Fig. 2. In the trust scheme component, the module of trust evaluation and update can obtain evidence from direct and indirect observation modules and then utilize two approaches, Bayesian inference and DST, to calculate and update the trust values. Next, the trust values are stored in the module of trust repository. Routing schemes in the networking component can establish secure routing paths between sources and destinations based on the trust repository module. Fig 2: Framework of the proposed scheme. The proposed scheme differentiates data packets and control packets, and meanwhile excludes the other causes that result in dropping packets, such as unreliable wireless connections and buffer overflows as shown in the fig 3. NCICT-2016 Special Issue 2 Page 3

4 The three modules used in our project 1. Trusted authority 2. Observer node 3. Nodes Fig 3: Data packets and control packets in MANETs 1. Trusted authority It is responsible for maintaining status of the nodes ie., whether they are trusted node or not.it receives the information about the status from observer node.receives request from nodes to check whether the node is trusted or not so that it can send data to node. 2. Observer node It is used to perform direct observation, to identify whether the nodes are trusted or not. It sends the result back to the trusted authority so that from there it will be identified whether the node is trusted or not. 3. Nodes These are the users/nodes which are used to exchange message from one node to other sequence diagram in a UML is a kind of interaction diagram that shows how processes operate with one another and in what order. It is a construct of a Message Sequence Chart. A sequence diagram shows object interactions arranged in time sequence. It depicts the objects and classes involved in the scenario and the sequence of messages exchanged between the objects needed to carry out the functionality of the scenario. Sequence diagrams typically are associated with use case realizations in the Logical View of the system under development Snapshot1: front end NCICT-2016 Special Issue 2 Page 4

5 snapshots2: Display of observer node Snapshot3: Process of communication between nodes IV. CONCLUSIONS In this paper, we proposed a unified trust management scheme that enhances the security of MANETs. Using recent advances in uncertain reasoning, Bayesian inference and Dempster-Shafer theory, we evaluate the trust values of observed nodes in MANETs. Misbehaviors such as dropping or modifying packets can be detected in our scheme through trust values by direct and indirect observation. Nodes with low trust values will be excluded by the routing algorithm. Therefore, secure routing path can be established in malicious environments. Based on the proposed scheme, more accurate trust can be obtained by considering different types of packets, indirect observation from one-hop neighbors and other important factors such as buffers of queues and states of wireless connections, which may cause dropping packets in friendly nodes. The results of MANET routing scenario positively support the effectiveness and performance of our scheme, which improves throughput and packet delivery ratio considerably, with slightly increased average end-to-end delay and overhead of messages. In our future work, we will extend the proposed scheme to MANETs with cognitive radios. NCICT-2016 Special Issue 2 Page 5

6 References [1] F. R. Yu, Cognitive Radio Mobile Ad Hoc Networks. New York: Springer, [2] J. Loo, J. Lloret, and J. H. Ortiz, Mobile Ad Hoc Networks: Current Status and Future Trends. CRC Press, [3] Q. Guan, F. R. Yu, S. Jiang, and V. Leung, Joint topology control and authentication design in mobile ad hoc networks with cooperative [4] Sameh Zakhary, Milena Radenkovic, and Abderrahim Benslimane, Senior Member, IEEE, Efficient Location Privacy-Aware Forwarding in Opportunistic Mobile Networks IEEE transactions on vehicular technology, vol. 63, no. 2, February [5] Sanjeev Gangwar, DR. Saurabh Pal anddr. Krishan Kumar Mobile Ad Hoc Networks:Comparative Study of QoS Routing Protocols, IJCSE, Vol 2,Issue1, ,January 2012 NCICT-2016 Special Issue 2 Page 6